RIP动态路由协议原理与配置.ppt

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1、第6章 RIP动态路由协议原理与配置本章内容RIPv1动态路由协议配置 1RIPv2动态路由协议配置 23RIP动态路由协议原理6.1 RIP动态路由协议原理 6.1.1 RIP概述协议标准：RFC 1508(v1)及RFC 1723(v2)RIP采用贝尔曼福德（Bellman-Ford）算法目前RIP有两个版本RIPv1和RIPv2。RIP有以下一些主要特性：RIP属于典型的距离向量路由选择协议。RIPv1是一种应用层协议，使用UDP 协议的520端口，通过广播地址和接收路由信息。RIP概述（续）RIP有以下一些主要特性(续)：RIP以到目的网络的最小跳数作为路由选择的度量标准，而不是在链路

2、的带宽和延迟的基础上进行选择。RIP是为小型网络设计的。它的最大跳数为15跳，16跳为无穷远，只能应用在中小型网络中。RIPv1是一种有类路由协议，不支持不连续子网设计。RIP周期进行路由更新，将路由表广播给邻居路由器，广播周期为30秒。RIP的管理距离为120。RIP概述（续）RIPv2与RIPv1不同的特点：RIPv2（RFC 1723）是RIPv1的扩展版本。在RIPv2的消息包中包含了子网掩码信息。在RIPv2中，更新消息发送到多播地址224.0.0.9。RIPv2可以关闭自动汇总特性。RIP概述（续）2RIP消息（数据包）头部格式分析 RIP概述（续）2RIP消息（数据包）头部格式分

3、析图6-3 RIP请求（request）报文的解码结果图6-4 RIP响应（response）报文的解码结果6.1.2 RIP原理1路由表维护路由更新的发送路由更新的接收2路由自环问题3解决路由自环问题计数到无穷在这种方案中，RIP将路由表中任一路由条目的代价值限制为15跳。同时，用代价值16表明一个网络不可达。但是，计数到无穷的提出限制了路由网络的规模。4解决路由自环问题水平分割从某个接口收到的路由更新信息不再从该接口发出5解决路由自环问题触发更新RIP规定：当网络发生变化（新网络的加入、原有网络的消失）时，路由器将立刻发送路由更新消息而不用等待更新计时器到时。触发更新只是在概率上降低了自环

4、发生的可能性。6解决路由自环问题路由毒杀和反转毒杀路由毒化路由毒化对于失效的网段，直接使用无穷大的度量（16跳）传播关于路由失效的坏消息。以加快无效路由的收敛速度。毒性逆转毒性逆转当路由器学习到一条毒化路由（度量值为16）时，对这条路由忽略水平分割的规则，并通告毒化的路由。7解决路由自环问题抑制定时器抑制计时器抑制计时器在抑制时间内，失效的路由不接受任何更新信息，除非这条信息是从原始通告这条路由的路由器来的；时间一般是180s；减少了路由的浮动，增加了网络的稳定性。8RIP中的计时器更新（Update）周期时间30秒失效（Invalid）计时器180秒清空（Flushed）计时器240秒抑制（

5、Hold-down）计时器180秒6.2 RIPv1动态路由协议配置 6.2.1 RIP基本配置6.2.1 RIP基本配置6.2.2 RIP基本诊断命令1.Show 命令2.Debug命令 图6-16 显示动态路由协议的配置参数6.2.3 配置单播更新和被动接口RIP被动接口：RIP路由器的某个端口仅仅学习RIP 路由，并不进行RIP 路由通告Router(config-router)#passive-interface default|interface-type interface-num RIP 报文单播更新：RIP 路由信息需要通过非广播网络传输，或需要限制一个接口通告广播式的路由更新

6、报文 Router(config-router)#neighbor ip-address 6.2.4 负载分担配置 6.2.4 负载分担配置 6.2.5 RIP缺省路由6.2.5 RIP缺省路由6.2.5 RIP缺省路由6.2.6 RIP配置实例.1.1.2.2路由器路由器A路由器路由器B路由器路由器C.1.1Lo 0F0/0F0/0F0/1F0/1Lo 0RouterA(config)#router ripRouterA(config)#router ripRouterA(config-router)#networkRouterA(config-router)#networkRouterA(

7、config-router)#networkRouterA(config-router)#networkRouterA(config-router)#endRouterA(config-router)#end路由路由路由路由B B、C C配置类似配置类似配置类似配置类似6.2.6 RIP配置实例路由器路由器A的初始路由更新内容的初始路由更新内容 RouterA#debug ip ripRouterA#debug ip ripJul 20 03:05:11 RouterA%7:RIP Output timer expired to send reponse Jul 20 03:05:11 Rou

8、terA%7:RIP Output timer expired to send reponse Jul 20 03:05:11 RouterA%7:RIP Prepare to send Jul 20 03:05:11 RouterA%7:RIP Prepare to send BROADCASTBROADCAST response.response.Jul 20 03:05:11 RouterA%7:RIP Building update entries on FastEthernet 0/0Jul 20 03:05:11 RouterA%7:RIP Building update entr

9、ies on FastEthernet 0/0Jul 20 03:05:11 RouterA%7:network 1.0.0.0 metric 1Jul 20 03:05:11 RouterA%7:network 1.0.0.0 metric 1Jul 20 03:05:11 RouterA%7:RIP Send packet to Jul 20 03:05:11 RouterA%7:RIP Send packet to 2.255.255.255 Port 5202.255.255.255 Port 520 on FastEthernet 0/0 on FastEthernet 0/0 Ju

10、l 20 03:05:11 RouterA%7:RIP Prepare to send Jul 20 03:05:11 RouterA%7:RIP Prepare to send BROADCASTBROADCAST response.response.Jul 20 03:05:11 RouterA%7:RIP Building update entries on Loopback 0Jul 20 03:05:11 RouterA%7:RIP Building update entries on Loopback 0Jul 20 03:05:11 RouterA%7:network 2.0.0

11、.0 metric 1Jul 20 03:05:11 RouterA%7:network 2.0.0.0 metric 1Jul 20 03:05:11 RouterA%7:RIP Send packet to Jul 20 03:05:11 RouterA%7:RIP Send packet to 1.255.255.255 Port 5201.255.255.255 Port 520 on Loopback 0 on Loopback 0 Jul 20 03:05:11 RouterA%7:RIP Schedule response send timer Jul 20 03:05:11 R

12、outerA%7:RIP Schedule response send timer 6.2.6 RIP配置实例路由器路由器A的路由表的路由表 RouterA#show ip routeRouterA#show ip routeCodes:C-connected,S-static,R-RIP B-BGPCodes:C-connected,S-static,R-RIP B-BGP O-OSPF,IA-OSPF inter area O-OSPF,IA-OSPF inter area N1-OSPF NSSA external type 1,N2-OSPF NSSA external type 2

13、N1-OSPF NSSA external type 1,N2-OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1-OSPF external type 1,E2-OSPF external type 2 E1-OSPF external type 1,E2-OSPF external type 2 i-IS-IS,L1-IS-IS level-1,L2-IS-IS level-2,ia-IS-IS inter area i-IS-IS,L1-IS-IS level-1,L2-IS-IS level-2,ia-IS-IS inter area *-candidate default *-

14、candidate defaultGateway of last resort is no setGateway of last resort is no setC 1.0.0.0/8 is directly connected,Loopback 0C 1.0.0.0/8 is directly connected,Loopback 0C 2.0.0.0/8 is directly connected,FastEthernet 0/0C 2.0.0.0/8 is directly connected,FastEthernet 0/0R 3.0.0.0/8 120/1 via 2.0.0.2,0

15、0:00:00,FastEthernet 0/0R 3.0.0.0/8 120/1 via 2.0.0.2,00:00:00,FastEthernet 0/0R 4.0.0.0/8 120/2 via 2.0.0.2,00:00:00,FastEthernet 0/0 R 4.0.0.0/8 120/2 via 2.0.0.2,00:00:00,FastEthernet 0/0 6.2.6 RIP配置实例在水平分割作用下，路由器B的更新内容为：RouterB#debug ip ripRouterB#debug ip ripJul 20 03:39:13 RouterB%7:RIP Output

16、 timer expired to send reponse Jul 20 03:39:13 RouterB%7:RIP Output timer expired to send reponse Jul 20 03:39:13 RouterB%7:RIP Prepare to send BROADCAST response.Jul 20 03:39:13 RouterB%7:RIP Prepare to send BROADCAST response.Jul 20 03:39:13 RouterB%7:RIP Building update entries on FastEthernet 0/

17、0Jul 20 03:39:13 RouterB%7:RIP Building update entries on FastEthernet 0/0Jul 20 03:39:13 RouterB%7:network 3.0.0.0 metric 1Jul 20 03:39:13 RouterB%7:network 3.0.0.0 metric 1Jul 20 03:39:13 RouterB%7:network 4.0.0.0 metric 2Jul 20 03:39:13 RouterB%7:network 4.0.0.0 metric 2Jul 20 03:39:13 RouterB%7:

18、RIP Send packet to 2.255.255.255 Port 520 on FastEthernet 0/0 Jul 20 03:39:13 RouterB%7:RIP Send packet to 2.255.255.255 Port 520 on FastEthernet 0/0 Jul 20 03:39:13 RouterB%7:RIP Prepare to send BROADCAST response.Jul 20 03:39:13 RouterB%7:RIP Prepare to send BROADCAST response.Jul 20 03:39:13 Rout

19、erB%7:RIP Building update entries on FastEthernet 0/1Jul 20 03:39:13 RouterB%7:RIP Building update entries on FastEthernet 0/1Jul 20 03:39:13 RouterB%7:network 1.0.0.0 metric 2Jul 20 03:39:13 RouterB%7:network 1.0.0.0 metric 2Jul 20 03:39:13 RouterB%7:network 2.0.0.0 metric 1Jul 20 03:39:13 RouterB%

20、7:network 2.0.0.0 metric 1Jul 20 03:39:13 RouterB%7:RIP Send packet to 3.255.255.255 Port 520 on FastEthernet 0/1 Jul 20 03:39:13 RouterB%7:RIP Send packet to 3.255.255.255 Port 520 on FastEthernet 0/1 Jul 20 03:39:13 RouterB%7:RIP Schedule response send timer Jul 20 03:39:13 RouterB%7:RIP Schedule

21、response send timer 6.2.6 RIP配置实例在路由器B的两个接口上关闭水平分割其更新内容为：RouterB(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/0RouterB(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/0RouterB(config-if)#no ip split-horizon RouterB(config-if)#no ip split-horizon RouterB(config-if)#exitRouterB(config-if)#exitRouterB(config)#interface fastEther

22、net 0/1RouterB(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/1RouterB(config-if)#no ip split-horizon RouterB(config-if)#no ip split-horizon RouterB(config-if)#endRouterB(config-if)#end6.2.6 RIP配置实例RouterB#debug ip ripRouterB#debug ip ripJul 20 03:34:13 RouterB%7:RIP Output timer expired to send reponse Jul 20 03

23、:34:13 RouterB%7:RIP Output timer expired to send reponse Jul 20 03:34:13 RouterB%7:RIP Prepare to send BROADCAST response.Jul 20 03:34:13 RouterB%7:RIP Prepare to send BROADCAST response.Jul 20 03:34:13 RouterB%7:RIP Building update entries on Jul 20 03:34:13 RouterB%7:RIP Building update entries o

24、n FastEthernet 0/0FastEthernet 0/0Jul 20 03:34:13 RouterB%7:Jul 20 03:34:13 RouterB%7:network 1.0.0.0 metric 2network 1.0.0.0 metric 2Jul 20 03:34:13 RouterB%7:Jul 20 03:34:13 RouterB%7:network 2.0.0.0 metric 1network 2.0.0.0 metric 1Jul 20 03:34:13 RouterB%7:network 3.0.0.0 metric 1Jul 20 03:34:13

25、RouterB%7:network 3.0.0.0 metric 1Jul 20 03:34:13 RouterB%7:network 4.0.0.0 metric 2Jul 20 03:34:13 RouterB%7:network 4.0.0.0 metric 2Jul 20 03:34:13 RouterB%7:RIP Send packet to 2.255.255.255 Port 520 on FastEthernet 0/0 Jul 20 03:34:13 RouterB%7:RIP Send packet to 2.255.255.255 Port 520 on FastEth

26、ernet 0/0 Jul 20 03:34:13 RouterB%7:RIP Prepare to send BROADCAST response.Jul 20 03:34:13 RouterB%7:RIP Prepare to send BROADCAST response.Jul 20 03:34:13 RouterB%7:RIP Building update entries on Jul 20 03:34:13 RouterB%7:RIP Building update entries on FastEthernet 0/1FastEthernet 0/1Jul 20 03:34:1

27、3 RouterB%7:network 1.0.0.0 metric 2Jul 20 03:34:13 RouterB%7:network 1.0.0.0 metric 2Jul 20 03:34:13 RouterB%7:network 2.0.0.0 metric 1Jul 20 03:34:13 RouterB%7:network 2.0.0.0 metric 1Jul 20 03:34:13 RouterB%7:Jul 20 03:34:13 RouterB%7:network 3.0.0.0 metric 1network 3.0.0.0 metric 1Jul 20 03:34:1

28、3 RouterB%7:Jul 20 03:34:13 RouterB%7:network 4.0.0.0 metric 2network 4.0.0.0 metric 2Jul 20 03:34:13 RouterB%7:RIP Send packet to 3.255.255.255 Port 520 on FastEthernet 0/1 Jul 20 03:34:13 RouterB%7:RIP Send packet to 3.255.255.255 Port 520 on FastEthernet 0/1 Jul 20 03:34:13 RouterB%7:RIP Schedule

29、 response send timer Jul 20 03:34:13 RouterB%7:RIP Schedule response send timer 6.2.6 RIP配置实例在路由器C上将loopback 0端口关闭，会触发一个相应的毒化路由更新 Jul 20 03:55:11 RouterC%7:RIP InterfaceLoopback 0 is downing Jul 20 03:55:11 RouterC%7:RIP InterfaceLoopback 0 is downing Jul 20 03:55:11 RouterC%7:RIP Jul 20 03:55:11 Ro

30、uterC%7:RIP 4.0.0.0/8 RIP route disabling.4.0.0.0/8 RIP route disabling.Jul 20 03:55:11 RouterC%7:RIP Schedule output trigger timer Jul 20 03:55:11 RouterC%7:RIP Schedule output trigger timer Jul 20 03:55:11 RouterC%7:RIP 4.0.0.0/8 route timer schedule.Jul 20 03:55:11 RouterC%7:RIP 4.0.0.0/8 route t

31、imer schedule.Jul 20 03:55:11 RouterC%7:RIP InterfaceLoopback 0 is to be deleted Jul 20 03:55:11 RouterC%7:RIP InterfaceLoopback 0 is to be deleted Jul 20 04:07:30 RouterC%7:RIP Building update entries on FastEthernet 0/1Jul 20 04:07:30 RouterC%7:RIP Building update entries on FastEthernet 0/1Jul 20

32、 04:07:30 RouterC%7:RIP Skip route1.0.0.0/8 in trigger Jul 20 04:07:30 RouterC%7:RIP Skip route1.0.0.0/8 in trigger Jul 20 04:07:30 RouterC%7:RIP Skip route2.0.0.0/8 in trigger Jul 20 04:07:30 RouterC%7:RIP Skip route2.0.0.0/8 in trigger Jul 20 04:07:30 RouterC%7:RIP Skip route3.0.0.0/8 in trigger J

33、ul 20 04:07:30 RouterC%7:RIP Skip route3.0.0.0/8 in trigger Jul 20 04:07:30 RouterC%7:Jul 20 04:07:30 RouterC%7:network 4.0.0.0 metric 16network 4.0.0.0 metric 16Jul 20 04:07:30 RouterC%7:RIP Send packet to 3.255.255.255 Port 520 on FastEthernet 0/1 Jul 20 04:07:30 RouterC%7:RIP Send packet to 3.255

34、.255.255 Port 520 on FastEthernet 0/1 6.2.6 RIP配置实例路由器路由器B收到毒化路由后的路由表收到毒化路由后的路由表 RouterB#show ip routeRouterB#show ip routeCodes:C-connected,S-static,R-RIP B-BGPCodes:C-connected,S-static,R-RIP B-BGP O-OSPF,IA-OSPF inter area O-OSPF,IA-OSPF inter area N1-OSPF NSSA external type 1,N2-OSPF NSSA extern

35、al type 2 N1-OSPF NSSA external type 1,N2-OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1-OSPF external type 1,E2-OSPF external type 2 E1-OSPF external type 1,E2-OSPF external type 2 i-IS-IS,L1-IS-IS level-1,L2-IS-IS level-2,ia-IS-IS inter area i-IS-IS,L1-IS-IS level-1,L2-IS-IS level-2,ia-IS-IS inter area *-candidate

36、default *-candidate defaultGateway of last resort is no setGateway of last resort is no setR 1.0.0.0/8 120/1 via 2.0.0.1,00:00:21,FastEthernet 0/0R 1.0.0.0/8 120/1 via 2.0.0.1,00:00:21,FastEthernet 0/0C 2.0.0.0/8 is directly connected,FastEthernet 0/0C 2.0.0.0/8 is directly connected,FastEthernet 0/

37、0C 3.0.0.0/8 is directly connected,FastEthernet 0/1C 3.0.0.0/8 is directly connected,FastEthernet 0/1possibly downpossibly down,routing via 3.0.0.2,00:00:33,FastEthernet 0/1,routing via 3.0.0.2,00:00:33,FastEthernet 0/1 6.2.6 RIP配置实例指定路由器B上使用的RIP版本为版本2路由器B只接收和发送RIPv2的更新报文：RouterB(config)#router ripR

38、outerB(config)#router ripRouterB(config-router)#version 2RouterB(config-router)#version 2RouterB(config-router)#no auto-summary RouterB(config-router)#no auto-summary RouterB(config-router)#endRouterB(config-router)#end6.2.6 RIP配置实例RouterB#debug ip ripRouterB#debug ip ripJul 20 04:09:22 RouterB%7:RI

39、P RIP recveived packet,sock=2125 src=Jul 20 04:09:22 RouterB%7:RIP RIP recveived packet,sock=2125 src=3.0.0.2 3.0.0.2 len=24len=24Jul 20 04:09:22 RouterB%7:RIP Jul 20 04:09:22 RouterB%7:RIP Received packet version mismatchReceived packet version mismatchJul 20 04:09:34 RouterB%7:RIP RIP recveived pa

40、cket,sock=2125 src=Jul 20 04:09:34 RouterB%7:RIP RIP recveived packet,sock=2125 src=2.0.0.1 2.0.0.1 len=24len=24Jul 20 04:09:34 RouterB%7:RIP Jul 20 04:09:34 RouterB%7:RIP Received packet version mismatchReceived packet version mismatchJul 20 04:09:43 RouterB%7:RIP Prepare to sendJul 20 04:09:43 Rou

41、terB%7:RIP Prepare to send MULTICAST MULTICAST response.response.Jul 20 04:09:43 RouterB%7:RIP Building update entries on FastEthernet 0/0Jul 20 04:09:43 RouterB%7:RIP Building update entries on FastEthernet 0/0Jul 20 04:09:43 RouterBJul 20 04:09:43 RouterBJul 20 04:09:43 RouterBJul 20 04:09:43 Rout

42、erBJul 20 04:09:43 RouterB%7:RIP Send packet to Jul 20 04:09:43 RouterB%7:RIP Send packet to 224.0.0.9 Port 520224.0.0.9 Port 520 on FastEthernet 0/0 on FastEthernet 0/0 Jul 20 04:09:43 RouterB%7:RIP Prepare to send Jul 20 04:09:43 RouterB%7:RIP Prepare to send MULTICAST MULTICAST response.response.

43、Jul 20 04:09:43 RouterB%7:RIP Building update entries on FastEthernet 0/1Jul 20 04:09:43 RouterB%7:RIP Building update entries on FastEthernet 0/1Jul 20 04:09:43 RouterBJul 20 04:09:43 RouterBJul 20 04:09:43 RouterBJul 20 04:09:43 RouterBJul 20 04:09:43 RouterB%7:RIP Send packet to Jul 20 04:09:43 R

44、outerB%7:RIP Send packet to 224.0.0.9 Port 520224.0.0.9 Port 520 on FastEthernet 0/1 on FastEthernet 0/1 6.2.6 RIP配置实例配置配置RIPv2的路由器的路由器B的路由表的路由表 RouterB#show ip routeRouterB#show ip routeCodes:C-connected,S-static,R-RIP B-BGPCodes:C-connected,S-static,R-RIP B-BGP O-OSPF,IA-OSPF inter area O-OSPF,IA-

45、OSPF inter area N1-OSPF NSSA external type 1,N2-OSPF NSSA external type 2 N1-OSPF NSSA external type 1,N2-OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1-OSPF external type 1,E2-OSPF external type 2 E1-OSPF external type 1,E2-OSPF external type 2 i-IS-IS,L1-IS-IS level-1,L2-IS-IS level-2,ia-IS-IS inter area i-IS-IS,L1

46、-IS-IS level-1,L2-IS-IS level-2,ia-IS-IS inter area *-candidate default *-candidate defaultGateway of last resort is no setGateway of last resort is no setC 2.0.0.0/8 is directly connected,FastEthernet 0/0C 2.0.0.0/8 is directly connected,FastEthernet 0/0C 3.0.0.0/8 is directly connected,FastEtherne

47、t 0/1C 3.0.0.0/8 is directly connected,FastEthernet 0/1实验3 根据拓扑图连接及配置路由器基本参数 在路由器上开启RIP路由协议 跟踪并验证RIP协议的运行过程根据实验结果编写实验报告6.3 RIPv2动态路由协议配置 6.3.1 RIPv2概述1.RIPv2特性RIPv2（RFC 1723）是RIPv1的扩展版本。在RIPv2的消息包中包含了子网掩码信息。在RIPv2中，更新消息发送到多播地址。RIPv2可以关闭自动总结的特性。RIPv2采用跳跃计数作为链路代价值。RIPv2采用和RIPv1相同的计数器。RIPv2的跳跃计数的最大值也是1

48、5跳。6.3 RIPv2动态路由协议配置 2.RIPv2消息头部格式图6-30 RIPv2请求（request）报文的解码结果图6-31 RIPv2响应（response）报文的解码结果6.3.2 RIPv2的基本配置与版本控制 6.3.2 RIPv2的基本配置与版本控制6.3.2 RIPv2的基本配置与版本控制6.3.2 RIPv2的基本配置与版本控制6.3.2 RIPv2的基本配置与版本控制6.3.2 RIPv2的基本配置与版本控制6.3.3 RIPv2自动汇总与手工汇总 6.3.3 RIPv2自动汇总与手工汇总 6.3.3 RIPv2自动汇总与手工汇总 6.3.3 RIPv2自动汇总与手工汇总 6.3.3 RIPv2自动汇总与手工汇总 图6-47 RIP的自动汇总图6-48 路由器A上的RIP明细路由 6.3.3 RIPv2自动汇总与手工汇总 图6-49 配置RIP手动汇总 图6-50 RIP手动汇总路由条目 6.3.4 RIPv2认证-明文认证 6.3.4 RIPv2认证-明文认证 6.3.4 RIPv2认证-密文认证 6.3.4 RIPv2认证-密文认证实验4 根据拓扑图连接及配置路由器基本参数 在路由器上开启RIPv2路由协议 配置RIPv2协议的认证根据实验结果编写实验报告思考与练习本章思考题均在教材上做，下次上课提问。