(完整word版)初中英语语法大全精华版.pdf
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1、初中英语语法大全语法网络图一名词I.名词的种类:专有名词普通名词国名地名人名,团体机构名称可数名词不可数名词个体名词集体名词抽象名词物质名词II.名词的数:1.规则名词的复数形式:名词的复数形式,一般在单数形式后面加-s 或-es。现将构成方法与读音规则列表如下:规则例词1一般情况在词尾加-smap-maps,sea-seas,girl-girls,day-days2以 s,x,ch,sh 结尾的名词后加-esclass-classes,box-boxes,watch-watches,dish-dishes3以-f 或-fe 结尾的词变-f 和-fe 为 v 再加-esleaf-leaves,
2、thief-thieves,knife-knives,wife-wives,half-halves加-schief-chiefs,proof-proofs,roof-roofs4以辅音字母加y 结尾的名词,变 y 为i 加-esparty-parties,family-families,story-stories,city-cities5以元音字母加y 结尾的名词,或专有名词以 y 结尾的,加-stoy-toys,boy-boys,day-days,ray-rays,Henry-Henrys6以辅音字母加-o 结尾的名词一般加-esNegro-Negroes,hero-heroes,potat
3、o-potatoes,tomato-tomatoes不少外来词加-spiano-pianos,photo-photos,auto-autos,kilo-kilos,solo-solos两者皆可zero-zeros/zeroes,volcano-volcanoes/volcanos7以元音字母加-o 结尾的名词加-sradio-radios,bamboo-bamboos,zoo-zoos8以-th 结尾的名词加-struth-truths,mouth-mouths,month-months,path-paths,2.不规则名词复数:英语里有些名词的复数形式是不规则的,现归纳如下:规则例词1改变名
4、词中的元音字母或其他形式man-men,woman-women,foot-feet,goose-geese,mouse-mice 2单复数相同sheep,deer,means,works,fish,yuan,jin,3只有复数形式trousers,clothes,thanks,goods,glasses,4一些集体名词总是用作复数people,police5部分集体名词既可以作单数(整体)也可以作复数(成员)class,family,crowd,couple,group,government,population,team,public,party6复数形式表示特别含义customs(海关),
5、times(时代),spirits(情绪),drinks(饮料),sands(沙滩),papers(文件报纸),looks(外表),brains(头脑智力),greens(青菜)7表示“某国人”加-sAmericans,Australians,Germans,Greeks,Swedes,Europeans单复数同形Swiss,Portuguese,Chinese,Japanese以-man 或-woman 结尾的改为-men,-womenEnglishmen,Frenchwomen8合成名词将主体名词变为复数sons-in-law,lookers-on,passers-by,story-tel
6、lers,boy friends无主体名词时将最后一部分变为复数grown-ups,housewives,stopwatches将两部分变为复数women singers,men servantsIII.名词的所有格:名词在句中表示所有关系的语法形式叫做名词所有格。所有格分两种:一是名词词尾加s构成,二是由介词of 加名词构成。前者多表示有生命的东西,后者多表示无生命的东西。1.s所有格的构成:单数名词在末尾加sthe boy s father,Jacks book,her son-in-laws photo,复数名词一般在末尾加the teachers room,the twins moth
7、er,不规则复数名词后加sthe childrens toys,women s rights,以 s 结尾的人名所有格加s或者 Dickens novels,Charless job,the Smiths house表示各自的所有关系时,各名词末尾均须加 sJapan s and America s problems,Jane s and Mary s bikes表示共有的所有关系时在最后一词末加 sJapan and America s problems,Jane and Mary s father表示某人家店铺,所有格后名词省略the doctor s,the barber s,the t
8、ailor s,my uncles2.s所有格的用法:文档编码:CV3L10Y10T1V7 HT10J6L3D2W4 ZP10J3N2R10G8文档编码:CV3L10Y10T1V7 HT10J6L3D2W4 ZP10J3N2R10G8文档编码:CV3L10Y10T1V7 HT10J6L3D2W4 ZP10J3N2R10G8文档编码:CV3L10Y10T1V7 HT10J6L3D2W4 ZP10J3N2R10G8文档编码:CV3L10Y10T1V7 HT10J6L3D2W4 ZP10J3N2R10G8文档编码:CV3L10Y10T1V7 HT10J6L3D2W4 ZP10J3N2R10G8文档编
9、码:CV3L10Y10T1V7 HT10J6L3D2W4 ZP10J3N2R10G8文档编码:CV3L10Y10T1V7 HT10J6L3D2W4 ZP10J3N2R10G8文档编码:CV3L10Y10T1V7 HT10J6L3D2W4 ZP10J3N2R10G8文档编码:CV3L10Y10T1V7 HT10J6L3D2W4 ZP10J3N2R10G8文档编码:CV3L10Y10T1V7 HT10J6L3D2W4 ZP10J3N2R10G8文档编码:CV3L10Y10T1V7 HT10J6L3D2W4 ZP10J3N2R10G8文档编码:CV3L10Y10T1V7 HT10J6L3D2W4 Z
10、P10J3N2R10G8文档编码:CV3L10Y10T1V7 HT10J6L3D2W4 ZP10J3N2R10G8文档编码:CV3L10Y10T1V7 HT10J6L3D2W4 ZP10J3N2R10G8文档编码:CV3L10Y10T1V7 HT10J6L3D2W4 ZP10J3N2R10G8文档编码:CV3L10Y10T1V7 HT10J6L3D2W4 ZP10J3N2R10G8文档编码:CV3L10Y10T1V7 HT10J6L3D2W4 ZP10J3N2R10G8文档编码:CV3L10Y10T1V7 HT10J6L3D2W4 ZP10J3N2R10G8文档编码:CV3L10Y10T1V7
11、 HT10J6L3D2W4 ZP10J3N2R10G8文档编码:CV3L10Y10T1V7 HT10J6L3D2W4 ZP10J3N2R10G8文档编码:CV3L10Y10T1V7 HT10J6L3D2W4 ZP10J3N2R10G8文档编码:CV3L10Y10T1V7 HT10J6L3D2W4 ZP10J3N2R10G8文档编码:CV3L10Y10T1V7 HT10J6L3D2W4 ZP10J3N2R10G8文档编码:CV3L10Y10T1V7 HT10J6L3D2W4 ZP10J3N2R10G8文档编码:CV3L10Y10T1V7 HT10J6L3D2W4 ZP10J3N2R10G8文档编
12、码:CV3L10Y10T1V7 HT10J6L3D2W4 ZP10J3N2R10G8文档编码:CV3L10Y10T1V7 HT10J6L3D2W4 ZP10J3N2R10G8文档编码:CV3L10Y10T1V7 HT10J6L3D2W4 ZP10J3N2R10G8文档编码:CV3L10Y10T1V7 HT10J6L3D2W4 ZP10J3N2R10G8文档编码:CV3L10Y10T1V7 HT10J6L3D2W4 ZP10J3N2R10G8文档编码:CV3L10Y10T1V7 HT10J6L3D2W4 ZP10J3N2R10G8文档编码:CV3L10Y10T1V7 HT10J6L3D2W4 Z
13、P10J3N2R10G8文档编码:CV3L10Y10T1V7 HT10J6L3D2W4 ZP10J3N2R10G8文档编码:CV3L10Y10T1V7 HT10J6L3D2W4 ZP10J3N2R10G8文档编码:CV3L10Y10T1V7 HT10J6L3D2W4 ZP10J3N2R10G8文档编码:CV3L10Y10T1V7 HT10J6L3D2W4 ZP10J3N2R10G8文档编码:CV3L10Y10T1V7 HT10J6L3D2W4 ZP10J3N2R10G8文档编码:CV3L10Y10T1V7 HT10J6L3D2W4 ZP10J3N2R10G8文档编码:CV3L10Y10T1V7
14、 HT10J6L3D2W4 ZP10J3N2R10G8文档编码:CV3L10Y10T1V7 HT10J6L3D2W4 ZP10J3N2R10G8文档编码:CV3L10Y10T1V7 HT10J6L3D2W4 ZP10J3N2R10G8文档编码:CV3L10Y10T1V7 HT10J6L3D2W4 ZP10J3N2R10G8文档编码:CV3L10Y10T1V7 HT10J6L3D2W4 ZP10J3N2R10G8文档编码:CV3L10Y10T1V7 HT10J6L3D2W4 ZP10J3N2R10G8文档编码:CV3L10Y10T1V7 HT10J6L3D2W4 ZP10J3N2R10G8文档编
15、码:CV3L10Y10T1V7 HT10J6L3D2W4 ZP10J3N2R10G8文档编码:CV3L10Y10T1V7 HT10J6L3D2W4 ZP10J3N2R10G8表示时间today s newspaper,five weeks holiday 2表示自然现象the earth s atmosphere,the tree s branches3表示国家城市等地方的名词the country s plan,the world s population,China s industry4表示工作群体the ship s crew,majority s view,the team s vi
16、ctory5表示度量衡及价值a mile s journey,five dollars worth of apples6与人类活动有特殊关系的名词the life s time,the play s plot7某些固定词组a bird s eye view,a stone s throw,at one s wit s end(不知所措)3.of 所有格的用法:用于无生命的东西:the legs of the chair,the cover of the book用于有生命的东西,尤其是有较长定语时:the classrooms of the first-year students用于名词化的词
17、:the struggle of the oppressed 二冠词冠词分为不定冠词(a,an),定冠词(the),和零冠词。I.不定冠词的用法:1指一类人或事,相当于a kind ofA plane is a machine that can fly.2第一次提及某人某物,非特指A boy is waiting for you.3表示“每一”相当于every,oneWe study eight hours a day.4表示“相同”相当于the sameWe are nearly of an age.5用于人名前,表示不认识此人或与某名人有类似性质的人或事A Mr.Smith came to
18、 visit you when you were outThat boy is rather a Lei Feng.6用于固定词组中A couple of,a bit,once upon a time,in a hurry,have a walk,many a time7用于 quite,rather,many,half,what,such 之后This room is rather a big one.8用于 so(as,too,how)+形容词之后She is as clever a girl as you can wish to meet.II.定冠词的用法:1表示某一类人或物The h
19、orse is a useful animal.2用于世上独一无二的事物名词前the universe,the moon,the Pacific Ocean3表示说话双方都了解的或上文提到过的人或事Would you mind opening the door?4用于乐器前面play the violin,play the guitar文档编码:CV3L10Y10T1V7 HT10J6L3D2W4 ZP10J3N2R10G8文档编码:CV3L10Y10T1V7 HT10J6L3D2W4 ZP10J3N2R10G8文档编码:CV3L10Y10T1V7 HT10J6L3D2W4 ZP10J3N2R
20、10G8文档编码:CV3L10Y10T1V7 HT10J6L3D2W4 ZP10J3N2R10G8文档编码:CV3L10Y10T1V7 HT10J6L3D2W4 ZP10J3N2R10G8文档编码:CV3L10Y10T1V7 HT10J6L3D2W4 ZP10J3N2R10G8文档编码:CV3L10Y10T1V7 HT10J6L3D2W4 ZP10J3N2R10G8文档编码:CV3L10Y10T1V7 HT10J6L3D2W4 ZP10J3N2R10G8文档编码:CV3L10Y10T1V7 HT10J6L3D2W4 ZP10J3N2R10G8文档编码:CV3L10Y10T1V7 HT10J6L
21、3D2W4 ZP10J3N2R10G8文档编码:CV3L10Y10T1V7 HT10J6L3D2W4 ZP10J3N2R10G8文档编码:CV3L10Y10T1V7 HT10J6L3D2W4 ZP10J3N2R10G8文档编码:CV3L10Y10T1V7 HT10J6L3D2W4 ZP10J3N2R10G8文档编码:CV3L10Y10T1V7 HT10J6L3D2W4 ZP10J3N2R10G8文档编码:CV3L10Y10T1V7 HT10J6L3D2W4 ZP10J3N2R10G8文档编码:CV3L10Y10T1V7 HT10J6L3D2W4 ZP10J3N2R10G8文档编码:CV3L10
22、Y10T1V7 HT10J6L3D2W4 ZP10J3N2R10G8文档编码:CV3L10Y10T1V7 HT10J6L3D2W4 ZP10J3N2R10G8文档编码:CV3L10Y10T1V7 HT10J6L3D2W4 ZP10J3N2R10G8文档编码:CV3L10Y10T1V7 HT10J6L3D2W4 ZP10J3N2R10G8文档编码:CV3L10Y10T1V7 HT10J6L3D2W4 ZP10J3N2R10G8文档编码:CV3L10Y10T1V7 HT10J6L3D2W4 ZP10J3N2R10G8文档编码:CV3L10Y10T1V7 HT10J6L3D2W4 ZP10J3N2R
23、10G8文档编码:CV3L10Y10T1V7 HT10J6L3D2W4 ZP10J3N2R10G8文档编码:CV3L10Y10T1V7 HT10J6L3D2W4 ZP10J3N2R10G8文档编码:CV3L10Y10T1V7 HT10J6L3D2W4 ZP10J3N2R10G8文档编码:CV3L10Y10T1V7 HT10J6L3D2W4 ZP10J3N2R10G8文档编码:CV3L10Y10T1V7 HT10J6L3D2W4 ZP10J3N2R10G8文档编码:CV3L10Y10T1V7 HT10J6L3D2W4 ZP10J3N2R10G8文档编码:CV3L10Y10T1V7 HT10J6L
24、3D2W4 ZP10J3N2R10G8文档编码:CV3L10Y10T1V7 HT10J6L3D2W4 ZP10J3N2R10G8文档编码:CV3L10Y10T1V7 HT10J6L3D2W4 ZP10J3N2R10G8文档编码:CV3L10Y10T1V7 HT10J6L3D2W4 ZP10J3N2R10G8文档编码:CV3L10Y10T1V7 HT10J6L3D2W4 ZP10J3N2R10G8文档编码:CV3L10Y10T1V7 HT10J6L3D2W4 ZP10J3N2R10G8文档编码:CV3L10Y10T1V7 HT10J6L3D2W4 ZP10J3N2R10G8文档编码:CV3L10
25、Y10T1V7 HT10J6L3D2W4 ZP10J3N2R10G8文档编码:CV3L10Y10T1V7 HT10J6L3D2W4 ZP10J3N2R10G8文档编码:CV3L10Y10T1V7 HT10J6L3D2W4 ZP10J3N2R10G8文档编码:CV3L10Y10T1V7 HT10J6L3D2W4 ZP10J3N2R10G8文档编码:CV3L10Y10T1V7 HT10J6L3D2W4 ZP10J3N2R10G8文档编码:CV3L10Y10T1V7 HT10J6L3D2W4 ZP10J3N2R10G8文档编码:CV3L10Y10T1V7 HT10J6L3D2W4 ZP10J3N2R
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