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(完整word版)初三化学上册知识点总结.(良心出品必属精品).pdf

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1、1 九年级化学上册知识点总结第一单元走进化学世界一、物质的变化和性质1、化学是研究物质的组成、结构、性质以及变化规律的学科。2、物质的变化化学变化:有新物质生成。物理变化:没有新物质生成。区别:是否有新物质生成。3、物质的性质物理性质:不需要经过化学变化就能表现出来的性质。如:色、味、态、密度、硬度、熔点、沸点、挥发等。化学性质:需要经过化学变化才能表现出来的性质。如:可燃性、助燃性、氧化性、还原性、稳定性等。4、蜡烛及其燃烧现象的探究蜡烛火焰分为三层:外焰(温度最高、内焰、焰心(温度最低蜡烛的燃烧既是物理变化又是化学变化。蜡烛燃烧后生成水和二氧化碳精品资料-欢迎下载-欢迎下载名师归纳-第

2、1 页，共 25 页 -2 5、人吸入气体和呼出气体:相同点:都有水、氧气、二氧化碳不同点:吸入气体:氧气多呼出气体:二氧化碳、水多结论:二氧化碳能够使澄清石灰水变浑浊。试管烧杯酒精灯漏斗滴管集气瓶水槽铁架台6、各种常见仪器:(1 固体药品的取用:存放:广口瓶。取用:粉状药品药匙或纸槽(一倾二送三直立块状镊子(一横二放三慢滑(2 液体药品的取用:存放:细口瓶。取用:瓶塞倒放;标签朝手心;口对口紧挨着慢倒;试管略倾斜(3 量筒:无0刻度;正确读数:视线与凹液面下端平视(否则俯大仰小(4 酒精灯:注意事项:禁止向燃着的酒精灯添加酒精;禁止“灯对灯”点燃酒精灯;必须用灯帽熄灭酒精灯,禁止用嘴吹。火焰

3、分三层:外焰(温度最高、内焰、焰心(温度最低对物质加热用外焰(5 给物质加热的方法:对液体加热:试管外壁保持干燥,试管中液体不超过试管1/3,试管口向上与桌面成 45,先预精品资料-欢迎下载-欢迎下载名师归纳-第 2 页，共 25 页 -文档编码:CE9T4H3V4B3 HY5O10L1Q7B3 ZY4D2Q2C3Y6文档编码:CE9T4H3V4B3 HY5O10L1Q7B3 ZY4D2Q2C3Y6文档编码:CE9T4H3V4B3 HY5O10L1Q7B3 ZY4D2Q2C3Y6文档编码:CE9T4H3V4B3 HY5O10L1Q7B3 ZY4D2Q2C3Y6文档编码:CE9T4H3V4B3

4、 HY5O10L1Q7B3 ZY4D2Q2C3Y6文档编码:CE9T4H3V4B3 HY5O10L1Q7B3 ZY4D2Q2C3Y6文档编码:CE9T4H3V4B3 HY5O10L1Q7B3 ZY4D2Q2C3Y6文档编码:CE9T4H3V4B3 HY5O10L1Q7B3 ZY4D2Q2C3Y6文档编码:CE9T4H3V4B3 HY5O10L1Q7B3 ZY4D2Q2C3Y6文档编码:CE9T4H3V4B3 HY5O10L1Q7B3 ZY4D2Q2C3Y6文档编码:CE9T4H3V4B3 HY5O10L1Q7B3 ZY4D2Q2C3Y6文档编码:CE9T4H3V4B3 HY5O10L1Q7B3

5、 ZY4D2Q2C3Y6文档编码:CE9T4H3V4B3 HY5O10L1Q7B3 ZY4D2Q2C3Y6文档编码:CE9T4H3V4B3 HY5O10L1Q7B3 ZY4D2Q2C3Y6文档编码:CE9T4H3V4B3 HY5O10L1Q7B3 ZY4D2Q2C3Y6文档编码:CE9T4H3V4B3 HY5O10L1Q7B3 ZY4D2Q2C3Y6文档编码:CE9T4H3V4B3 HY5O10L1Q7B3 ZY4D2Q2C3Y6文档编码:CE9T4H3V4B3 HY5O10L1Q7B3 ZY4D2Q2C3Y6文档编码:CE9T4H3V4B3 HY5O10L1Q7B3 ZY4D2Q2C3Y6文

6、档编码:CE9T4H3V4B3 HY5O10L1Q7B3 ZY4D2Q2C3Y6文档编码:CE9T4H3V4B3 HY5O10L1Q7B3 ZY4D2Q2C3Y6文档编码:CE9T4H3V4B3 HY5O10L1Q7B3 ZY4D2Q2C3Y6文档编码:CE9T4H3V4B3 HY5O10L1Q7B3 ZY4D2Q2C3Y6文档编码:CE9T4H3V4B3 HY5O10L1Q7B3 ZY4D2Q2C3Y6文档编码:CE9T4H3V4B3 HY5O10L1Q7B3 ZY4D2Q2C3Y6文档编码:CE9T4H3V4B3 HY5O10L1Q7B3 ZY4D2Q2C3Y6文档编码:CE9T4H3V4

7、B3 HY5O10L1Q7B3 ZY4D2Q2C3Y6文档编码:CE9T4H3V4B3 HY5O10L1Q7B3 ZY4D2Q2C3Y6文档编码:CE9T4H3V4B3 HY5O10L1Q7B3 ZY4D2Q2C3Y6文档编码:CE9T4H3V4B3 HY5O10L1Q7B3 ZY4D2Q2C3Y6文档编码:CE9T4H3V4B3 HY5O10L1Q7B3 ZY4D2Q2C3Y6文档编码:CE9T4H3V4B3 HY5O10L1Q7B3 ZY4D2Q2C3Y6文档编码:CE9T4H3V4B3 HY5O10L1Q7B3 ZY4D2Q2C3Y6文档编码:CE9T4H3V4B3 HY5O10L1Q7

8、B3 ZY4D2Q2C3Y6文档编码:CE9T4H3V4B3 HY5O10L1Q7B3 ZY4D2Q2C3Y6文档编码:CE9T4H3V4B3 HY5O10L1Q7B3 ZY4D2Q2C3Y6文档编码:CE9T4H3V4B3 HY5O10L1Q7B3 ZY4D2Q2C3Y6文档编码:CE9T4H3V4B3 HY5O10L1Q7B3 ZY4D2Q2C3Y6文档编码:CE9T4H3V4B3 HY5O10L1Q7B3 ZY4D2Q2C3Y6文档编码:CE9T4H3V4B3 HY5O10L1Q7B3 ZY4D2Q2C3Y6文档编码:CE9T4H3V4B3 HY5O10L1Q7B3 ZY4D2Q2C3Y

9、6文档编码:CE9T4H3V4B3 HY5O10L1Q7B3 ZY4D2Q2C3Y6文档编码:CE9T4H3V4B3 HY5O10L1Q7B3 ZY4D2Q2C3Y6文档编码:CE9T4H3V4B3 HY5O10L1Q7B3 ZY4D2Q2C3Y6文档编码:CE9T4H3V4B3 HY5O10L1Q7B3 ZY4D2Q2C3Y6文档编码:CE9T4H3V4B3 HY5O10L1Q7B3 ZY4D2Q2C3Y6文档编码:CE9T4H3V4B3 HY5O10L1Q7B3 ZY4D2Q2C3Y6文档编码:CE9T4H3V4B3 HY5O10L1Q7B3 ZY4D2Q2C3Y63 热再加热,加热用外焰

10、,试管口不可对人。对固体加热:试管外壁保持干燥,试管口略下倾,先预热再加热,加热用外焰。(6 玻璃仪器洗涤干净的标准:仪器内壁附着的水既不聚成水滴也不成股流下。(7 可直接加热的仪器:试管、蒸发皿、燃烧匙可间接加热的仪器:烧杯、烧瓶不能加热的仪器:量筒、集气瓶(8 取用药品时做到:口不尝、手不摸、鼻不闻(闻的方法:扇闻未说明药品用量时:液体一般取 12毫升,固体只需盖满试管低部即可。第二单元我们周围的空气1、空气的组成:氮气(78%、氧气(21%、稀有气体(0.94%、二氧化碳(0.03%、其他气体及杂质(0.03%2、空气中氧气含量的测定:(1 药品:红磷(2 步骤:检查气密性;集气瓶中加少

11、量水;点燃红磷后立即伸入集气瓶中塞紧塞子。(3 实验关键:红磷必须过量;装置必须密封;冷却至室温再打开弹簧夹。精品资料-欢迎下载-欢迎下载名师归纳-第 3 页，共 25 页 -文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:C

12、P2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 H

13、X2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY

14、9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码

15、:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10

16、 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4

17、ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y44 物质的分类3、氧气(1 物理性质:通常状态下,无色、无味气体,密度比空气大,不易溶

18、于水;(2 化学性质:能使带火星木条复燃;制取氧气:制取方法:收集方法:向上排气法:排水法:装置:固固加热型(高锰酸钾制氧气、氯酸钾与二氧化锰制氧气固液不加热型(过氧化氢制氧气验满:利用排水法:水面有大量气泡说明已收集满:利用向上排气法:带火星木条放在集气瓶口,木条复燃则满。气密性检查:连接好仪器,手紧握试管,导管口有气泡冒出,松开手导管中能形成水柱,则气精品资料-欢迎下载-欢迎下载名师归纳-第 4 页，共 25 页 -文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:

19、CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10

20、HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 Z

21、Y9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编

22、码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T1

23、0 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4

24、 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文

25、档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y45 密性好。高锰酸钾或氯酸钾与二氧化锰制氧气步骤:查装定点收离熄根据实验回答以下问题:(a、为什么试管口部略下倾?防止冷凝水回流到热的试管底部,炸裂试管;(b、在用高锰酸钾制取氧气时,为什么要在试管口放棉花?防止高锰酸钾粉末进入导管物质纯净物混合物 (按物质种类单质化合物 (按元素种类(c、停止加热时为什么先把导管移出水面?防止由于降温管内压强减小,水被吸入试管造成试管炸裂;4、化合反应:特点:“多变一”字母表示:A+B AB分解反

26、应:特点:“一变多”字母表示:ABA+B氧化反应:物质与氧发生的反应。4、催化剂:特点:“一变两不变”一变:改变化学反应速率;两不变:质量和化学性质不变。5、空气污染指数的项目:二氧化硫、二氧化氮、一氧化碳、可吸入的颗粒物和臭氧等。6、氧气是一种比较活泼的气体,具有氧化性、助燃性,是一种常用的氧化剂。精品资料-欢迎下载-欢迎下载名师归纳-第 5 页，共 25 页 -文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9

27、D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:

28、CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10

29、HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 Z

30、Y9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编

31、码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T1

32、0 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4

33、 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y46 (黑色 C和 O2反应的现象是:在氧气中比在空气中更旺,发出白光,放出热量,生成的气体能使澄清的石灰水变浑浊。(黄色 S和 O2反应的现象是:在空气中淡蓝色火焰,在氧气中蓝紫色的火焰,生成刺激性气味的气体,放出热量。(红色或白色 P 和 O2反应的现象是:发出黄白色的火焰,放出热量,冒白烟,生成白色固体。(用于发令枪(银白色 Mg和 O2反应的现象是:放出大量的热,同时发出耀眼的白光,生成一种白色固体。(用于照明弹等(银白色 Fe 和 O2反应的现象是:剧烈燃烧,火星四射,放出热量,生

34、成黑色固体,注意点:预先放入少量水或一层沙,防止生成的熔化物炸裂瓶底。H2和 O2的现象是:发出淡蓝色的火焰。CO和 O2的现象是:发出蓝色的火焰。CH4和 O2的现象是:发出明亮的蓝色火焰。第三单元自然界的水1、水的组成:水是由氢元素和氧元素组成的。(1 水电解实验:化学反应:产生位置负极正极体积比 2:1 质量比:1:8“正氧负氢,氢二氧一”检验:O2-出气口置一根带火星的木条-木条复燃精品资料-欢迎下载-欢迎下载名师归纳-第 6 页，共 25 页 -文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D

35、4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4

36、文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V

37、4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H

38、7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2

39、Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E

40、5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L

41、7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y47 H2-出气口置一根燃着的木条-气体燃烧,产生淡蓝色的火焰2、水的净化(1 水的净化效果由低到高的是静置、过滤、吸附、蒸馏(均为物理方法,其中净化效果最好的操作是蒸馏;既有过滤作用又有吸附作用的净水剂是活性炭。(2 过滤操作要点:“一贴二低三靠”一贴:滤纸紧贴漏斗内壁;二低:滤纸低于漏斗边缘;滤液低于滤纸边缘;三靠:盛滤液烧杯紧靠玻璃棒;玻璃棒紧靠滤纸三层一边;漏斗下端紧靠接滤液烧杯。滤纸与漏斗内

42、壁间有气泡:影响过滤速度。过滤两次不干净原因:滤纸破损;滤液高于滤纸;接滤液烧杯不干净。玻璃棒作用:引流。(3 硬水与软水 A.定义硬水是含有较多可溶性钙、镁化合物的水;软水是不含或含较少可溶性钙、镁化合物的水。B.鉴别方法:用肥皂水,有浮渣产生或泡沫较少的是硬水,泡沫较多的是软水C.硬水软化的方法:蒸馏、煮沸精品资料-欢迎下载-欢迎下载名师归纳-第 7 页，共 25 页 -文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7

43、D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y

44、4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5

45、V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7

46、H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H

47、2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4

48、E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4

49、L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y48 D.长期使用硬水的坏处:浪费肥皂,洗不干净衣服;锅炉容易结成水垢,不仅浪费燃料,还易使管道变形甚至引起锅炉爆炸。3、氢气 H 2(1、物理性质:通常状态下,无色、无味气体,密度最小的气体(向下排空气法;难溶水(排水法(2、化学性质:可燃性(用途:高能燃料;氢氧焰焊接,切割金属点燃前,要验纯(方法?用拇指堵住集满氢气的试管口,靠近火焰,移开拇指点火现象:发出淡蓝色火焰,放出热量,有水珠产生还原性(用途:冶炼金属现象:黑色粉末变红色,试管口有水珠生成(3、氢气的实验室制法原理:

50、装置:固液不加热型(与过氧化氢制取氧气装置相同收集方法:向下排气法:排水法:(4、氢能源三大优点无污染、放热量高、来源广了解4、爱护水资源:节约用水,防止水体污染精品资料-欢迎下载-欢迎下载名师归纳-第 8 页，共 25 页 -文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2A4L7H7D4 ZY9D1R4H2Y4文档编码:CP2Z4E5V4T10 HX2

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