(完整word版)初三化学知识点与复习题第二单元--我们周围的空气.(良心出品必属精品).pdf

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1、1 第二单元我们周围的空气第一节 空气一、拉瓦锡测定空气成分的实验二百多年前，法国化学家拉瓦锡通过实验，得出了空气由氧气和氮气组成，其中氧气约占空气总体积的 1/5 的结论。实验中涉及的化学方程式有：2Hg+O2 二、测定空气中氧气含量的实验2HgO 和 2HgO 2Hg+O2。【实验原理】4P+5O22P 2O 5【实验装置】如右图所示。弹簧夹关闭。集气瓶内加入少量水，并做上记号。【实验步骤】连接装置，并检查装置的气密性。点燃燃烧匙内的红磷，立即伸入集气瓶中，并塞紧塞子。待红磷熄灭并冷却后，打开弹簧夹。【实验现象】红磷燃烧，产生大量白烟；放热；冷却后打开弹簧夹，水沿着导管进入集气瓶中，进入集

2、气瓶内水的体积约占集气瓶空气总体积的1/5。【实验结论】红磷燃烧消耗空气中的氧气，生成五氧化二磷固体；空气中氧气的体积约占空气总体积的【注意事项】1.2.装置气密性要好。如果装置的气密性不好，集气瓶外的空气进入集气瓶，测量结果会偏小。精品资料-欢迎下载-欢迎下载 名师归纳-第 1 页，共 24 页 -2 3.4.5.如果弹簧夹未夹紧，或者塞塞子的动作太慢，测量结果会偏大。6.在集气瓶底加水的目的：吸收有毒的五氧化二磷。7.不要用木炭或硫代替红磷！原因：木炭和硫燃烧尽管消耗气体，但是产生了新的气体，气体体积不变，容器内压强几乎不变，水面不会有变化。8.如果预先在集气瓶内放入氢氧化钠溶液，就可以用

3、木炭或硫代替红磷进行实验。9.不要用镁代替红磷！原因：镁在空气中燃烧时能与氮气和二氧化碳发生反应，这样不仅消耗氧气，还消耗了氮气和二氧化碳，使测量结果偏大。四、混合物和纯净物五、空气是一种宝贵的资源精品资料-欢迎下载-欢迎下载 名师归纳-第 2 页，共 24 页 -文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编

4、码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7

5、 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4

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7、档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9

8、M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S

9、4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C

10、93 1 1.氮气【物理性质】无色无味的气体，不易溶于水，密度比空气的密度略小。【化学性质】化学性质不活泼，一般情况下不能支持燃烧，不能供给动植物呼吸。【用途】制硝酸和化肥的重要原料（这一点可以证明空气中含有氮气）；用作保护气（焊接金属时作保护气、灯泡充氮延长使用寿命、食物充氮防腐）；医疗上在液氮冷冻麻醉条件下做手术；超导材料在液氮的低温条件下显示超导性能。2.稀有气体（氦、氖、氩、氪、氙的总称）【物理性质】没有颜色，没有气味的气体，难溶于水。通电时能发出不同颜色的光。【化学性质】化学性质很不活泼。所以稀有气体又叫做惰性气体。【用途】用作保护气（焊接金属时作保护气、灯泡中充入稀有气体使灯泡耐用

11、）；用作光源（如航标灯、强照明灯、闪光灯、霓虹灯等）；用于激光技术；氦气可作冷却剂；氙气可作麻醉剂。六、空气污染和防治1.空气污染的污染物是有害气体和烟尘。污染源包括煤、石油等化石燃料燃烧产生的二氧化硫、二氧化氮、一氧化碳（三大有害气体），还包括工业废气等方面。精品资料-欢迎下载-欢迎下载 名师归纳-第 3 页，共 24 页 -文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3

12、O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P

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18、Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C94 2.3.空气污染的危害：造成世界三大环境问题（温室效应、臭氧层破坏、酸雨）、损害人体健康、破坏生态平衡、影响作物生长、破坏生态平衡等。4.林、种草；禁止露天焚烧垃圾等。七、绿色化学绿色化学又称环境友好化学，其核心是利用化学原理从源头上消除污染。绿色化学的主要特点是：充分利用资源和能源，采用无毒、无害的原料；在无毒、无害的条件下进行反应，以减少向环境排放废物；提高原子的利用率，力图使所有作为原料的原子都被产品所消纳，实现“零排放”；生产有利于环境保护、社区安全和人体健康的环境友好的产品。第二节 氧气一、氧气的性质【物理性质】密

19、度略大于空气的密度。不易溶于水。气态的氧是无色无味的，液态氧和固态氧是淡蓝色的。【化学性质】氧气化学性质比较活泼。氧气具有助燃性和氧化性。二、氧气的检验方法：把一根带火星的木条伸入集气瓶中，如果带火星的木条复燃，证明是氧气。三、氧气与常见物质发生的反应精品资料-欢迎下载-欢迎下载 名师归纳-第 4 页，共 24 页 -文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7

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24、 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9

25、文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O

26、9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C95 2 四、探究实验1.木炭燃烧实验【实验操作】用坩埚钳夹取一小块木炭，在酒精灯上加热到发红，插入到盛有集气瓶的氧气中（由瓶口向下缓慢插入），观察木炭在氧气里燃烧的现象。燃烧停止后，取出坩埚钳，向集气瓶中加入少量澄清的石灰水，振荡，观察现象。【实验现象】木炭在空气中燃烧时持续红热，无烟无焰；在氧气中燃烧更旺，发出白光。向集气瓶中加入少量澄清的石灰水后，澄清的石灰水变浑浊。【化学方程式】C+O2 CO 2【注意事项】木炭应该由上向下缓慢伸进盛有氧气的集气瓶中，原因：为了保证有充足的氧气支持木炭燃烧，防止木炭燃烧生成的二氧化碳使木炭熄灭，确保

27、实验成功。2.硫燃烧实验精品资料-欢迎下载-欢迎下载 名师归纳-第 5 页，共 24 页 -文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6

28、Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y

29、3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5

30、E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:C

31、X6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA

32、2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5

33、P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C96 【实验操作】在燃烧匙里放少量硫，在酒精灯上点燃，然后把盛有燃着硫的燃烧匙由上向下缓慢伸进盛有氧气的集气瓶中，分别观察硫在空气中和在氧气中燃烧的现象。【实验现象】硫在空气

34、中燃烧发出淡蓝色火焰，在氧气中燃烧发出蓝紫色火焰。生成一种有刺激性气味的气体。【化学方程式】S+O2 SO 2错误！未找到引用源。【注意事项】在集气瓶中加入少量的氢氧化钠溶液，可以吸收有毒的二氧化硫，防止造成空气污染。3.细铁丝在氧气中燃烧的实验【实验操作】把光亮的细铁丝盘成螺旋状，下端系一根火柴，点燃火柴，待火柴快燃尽时，由上向下缓慢插入盛有氧气的集气瓶中（集气瓶底部要先放少量水或铺一薄层细沙）。【实验现象】细铁丝在氧气中剧烈燃烧，火星四射，生成一种黑色固体。【化学方程式】3Fe+2O2 Fe 3O 4【注意事项】用砂纸把细铁丝磨成光亮的银白色，是为了除去细铁丝表面的杂质。将细铁丝盘成螺旋状

35、，是为了增大细铁丝与氧气的接触面积。把细铁丝绕在火柴上，是为了引燃细铁丝，使细铁丝的温度达到着火点。精品资料-欢迎下载-欢迎下载 名师归纳-第 6 页，共 24 页 -文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R

36、3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3

37、P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10

38、I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y

39、2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3

40、A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E

41、10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C97 待火柴快燃尽时才缓慢插入盛有氧气的集气瓶中，是为了防止火柴燃烧时消耗氧气，保证有充足的氧气与

42、细铁丝反应。3 由上向下缓慢伸进盛有氧气的集气瓶中是为了防止细铁丝燃烧时放热使氧气从集气瓶口逸出，保证有充足的氧气与细铁丝反应。集气瓶里要预先装少量水或在瓶底铺上一薄层细沙，是为了防止灼热的生成物溅落使集气瓶瓶底炸裂。五、化合反应和分解反应1.化合反应：由两种或两种以上物质生成另一种物质的反应。2.分解反应：由一种反应物生成两种或两种以上其他物质的反应叫做分解反应。3.化合反应的特点是“多变一”，分解反应的特点是“一变多”。精品资料-欢迎下载-欢迎下载 名师归纳-第 7 页，共 24 页 -文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R

43、3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3

44、P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10

45、I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y

46、2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3

47、A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E

48、10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX

49、6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C98 六、氧化反应1.氧化反应：物质跟氧发生的反应属于氧化反应。它不属于基本反应类型。2.氧化还原反应与四大基本反应的关系：3.氧化反应包括剧烈氧化和缓慢氧化。剧烈氧化会发光、放热，如燃烧、爆炸；缓慢氧化放热较少，但不会发光，如动植物呼吸、食物的腐败、酒和醋的酿造、农家肥料的腐熟等。第三节 制取氧气一、气体制取装置 1.气体发生装置?加热固体制备气体的装置（见上图）反

50、应物和反应条件的特征：反应物都是固体，反应需要加热。明装置气密性良好。（原理：气体的热胀冷缩）加热时的注意事项：绝对禁止向燃着的酒精灯内添加酒精。绝对禁止用燃着的酒精灯引燃另一只酒精灯。精品资料-欢迎下载-欢迎下载 名师归纳-第 8 页，共 24 页 -文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y2R3O9M7 HA2Y3A3P8S4 ZL5P5E10I4C9文档编码:CX6Y