(完整word版)2018年高考全国卷2物理部分试题及解析.pdf
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1、1 一、选择题:1.如图,某同学用绳子拉动木箱,使它从静止开始沿粗糙水平路面运动至具有某一速度,木箱获得的动能一定()A.小于拉力所做的功B.等于拉力所做的功C.等于克服摩擦力所做的功D.大于克服摩擦力所做的功【答案】A【解析】试题分析:受力分析,找到能影响动能变化的是那几个物理量,然后观测这几个物理量的变化即可。木箱受力如图所示:木箱在移动的过程中有两个力做功,拉力做正功,摩擦力做负功,根据动能定理可知即:?-?=12?2-0,所以动能小于拉力做的功,故A 正确;无法比较动能与摩擦力做功的大小,CD 错误。故选 A 点睛:正确受力分析,知道木箱在运动过程中有那几个力做功且分别做什么功,然后利
2、用动能定理求解末动能的大小。精品资料-欢迎下载-欢迎下载 名师归纳-第 1 页,共 19 页 -2 2.高空坠物极易对行人造成伤害。若一个 50 g 的鸡蛋从一居民楼的25 层坠下,与地面的撞击时间约为2 ms,则该鸡蛋对地面产生的冲击力约为()A.10 N B.102 N C.103 N D.104 N【答案】C【解析】试题分析:本题是一道估算题,所以大致要知道一层楼的高度约为3m,可以利用动能定理或者机械能守恒求落地时的速度,并利用动量定理求力的大小。学#科网设鸡蛋落地瞬间的速度为v,每层楼的高度大约是3m,由动能定理可知:?=12?2,解得:?=2?=2 10 3 25=1015?/?落
3、地时受到自身的重力和地面的支持力,规定向上为正,由动量定理可知:(?-?)?=0-(-?),解得:?1000?,根据牛顿第三定律可知鸡蛋对地面产生的冲击力约为103 N,故 C 正确故选 C 点睛:利用动能定理求出落地时的速度,然后借助于动量定理求出地面的接触力3.2018 年 2 月,我国 500 m 口径射电望远镜(天眼)发现毫秒脉冲星“J0318+0253”,其自转周期T=5.19 ms,假设星体为质量均匀分布的球体,已知万有引力常量为6.67 10-11?N?m2/kg2。以周期 T 稳定自转的星体的密度最小值约为()A.5 109?kg/m3B.5 1012?kg/m3C.5 101
4、5?kg/m3D.5 1018?kg/m3【答案】C【解析】试题分析;在天体中万有引力提供向心力,即?2=?(2?)2?,天体的密度公式?=?=?43?3,结合这两个公式求解。设脉冲星值量为M,密度为?根据天体运动规律知:?2?(2?)2?=?=?43?3代入可得:?5 1015?kg/m3,故 C 正确;故选 C 精品资料-欢迎下载-欢迎下载 名师归纳-第 2 页,共 19 页 -文档编码:CX4L3K7O8K6 HW5N3R2R2R9 ZF3F7K9F4D3文档编码:CX4L3K7O8K6 HW5N3R2R2R9 ZF3F7K9F4D3文档编码:CX4L3K7O8K6 HW5N3R2R2R
5、9 ZF3F7K9F4D3文档编码:CX4L3K7O8K6 HW5N3R2R2R9 ZF3F7K9F4D3文档编码:CX4L3K7O8K6 HW5N3R2R2R9 ZF3F7K9F4D3文档编码:CX4L3K7O8K6 HW5N3R2R2R9 ZF3F7K9F4D3文档编码:CX4L3K7O8K6 HW5N3R2R2R9 ZF3F7K9F4D3文档编码:CX4L3K7O8K6 HW5N3R2R2R9 ZF3F7K9F4D3文档编码:CX4L3K7O8K6 HW5N3R2R2R9 ZF3F7K9F4D3文档编码:CX4L3K7O8K6 HW5N3R2R2R9 ZF3F7K9F4D3文档编码:CX
6、4L3K7O8K6 HW5N3R2R2R9 ZF3F7K9F4D3文档编码:CX4L3K7O8K6 HW5N3R2R2R9 ZF3F7K9F4D3文档编码:CX4L3K7O8K6 HW5N3R2R2R9 ZF3F7K9F4D3文档编码:CX4L3K7O8K6 HW5N3R2R2R9 ZF3F7K9F4D3文档编码:CX4L3K7O8K6 HW5N3R2R2R9 ZF3F7K9F4D3文档编码:CX4L3K7O8K6 HW5N3R2R2R9 ZF3F7K9F4D3文档编码:CX4L3K7O8K6 HW5N3R2R2R9 ZF3F7K9F4D3文档编码:CX4L3K7O8K6 HW5N3R2R2R
7、9 ZF3F7K9F4D3文档编码:CX4L3K7O8K6 HW5N3R2R2R9 ZF3F7K9F4D3文档编码:CX4L3K7O8K6 HW5N3R2R2R9 ZF3F7K9F4D3文档编码:CX4L3K7O8K6 HW5N3R2R2R9 ZF3F7K9F4D3文档编码:CX4L3K7O8K6 HW5N3R2R2R9 ZF3F7K9F4D3文档编码:CX4L3K7O8K6 HW5N3R2R2R9 ZF3F7K9F4D3文档编码:CX4L3K7O8K6 HW5N3R2R2R9 ZF3F7K9F4D3文档编码:CX4L3K7O8K6 HW5N3R2R2R9 ZF3F7K9F4D3文档编码:CX
8、4L3K7O8K6 HW5N3R2R2R9 ZF3F7K9F4D3文档编码:CX4L3K7O8K6 HW5N3R2R2R9 ZF3F7K9F4D3文档编码:CX4L3K7O8K6 HW5N3R2R2R9 ZF3F7K9F4D3文档编码:CX4L3K7O8K6 HW5N3R2R2R9 ZF3F7K9F4D3文档编码:CX4L3K7O8K6 HW5N3R2R2R9 ZF3F7K9F4D3文档编码:CX4L3K7O8K6 HW5N3R2R2R9 ZF3F7K9F4D3文档编码:CX4L3K7O8K6 HW5N3R2R2R9 ZF3F7K9F4D3文档编码:CX4L3K7O8K6 HW5N3R2R2R
9、9 ZF3F7K9F4D3文档编码:CX4L3K7O8K6 HW5N3R2R2R9 ZF3F7K9F4D3文档编码:CX4L3K7O8K6 HW5N3R2R2R9 ZF3F7K9F4D3文档编码:CX4L3K7O8K6 HW5N3R2R2R9 ZF3F7K9F4D3文档编码:CX4L3K7O8K6 HW5N3R2R2R9 ZF3F7K9F4D3文档编码:CX4L3K7O8K6 HW5N3R2R2R9 ZF3F7K9F4D3文档编码:CX4L3K7O8K6 HW5N3R2R2R9 ZF3F7K9F4D3文档编码:CX4L3K7O8K6 HW5N3R2R2R9 ZF3F7K9F4D3文档编码:CX
10、4L3K7O8K6 HW5N3R2R2R9 ZF3F7K9F4D3文档编码:CX4L3K7O8K6 HW5N3R2R2R9 ZF3F7K9F4D3文档编码:CX4L3K7O8K6 HW5N3R2R2R9 ZF3F7K9F4D3文档编码:CX4L3K7O8K6 HW5N3R2R2R9 ZF3F7K9F4D3文档编码:CX4L3K7O8K6 HW5N3R2R2R9 ZF3F7K9F4D3文档编码:CX4L3K7O8K6 HW5N3R2R2R9 ZF3F7K9F4D3文档编码:CX4L3K7O8K6 HW5N3R2R2R9 ZF3F7K9F4D3文档编码:CX4L3K7O8K6 HW5N3R2R2R
11、9 ZF3F7K9F4D33 点睛:根据万有引力提供向心力并结合密度公式?=?=?43?3求解即可。4.用波长为 300 nm 的光照射锌板,电子逸出锌板表面的最大初动能为1.2810-19 J。已知普朗克常量为6.6310-34 Js,真空中的光速为3.00108 m s-1,能使锌产生光电效应的单色光的最低频率约为()A.11014 HzB.81014 HzC.21015 HzD.81015 Hz【答案】B 点睛:本题比较简单,知道光电效应方程并利用方程求解即可。5.如图,在同一平面内有两根平行长导轨,导轨间存在依次相邻的矩形匀强磁场区域,区域宽度均为l,磁感应强度大小相等、方向交替向上向
12、下。一边长为32?的正方形金属线框在导轨上向左匀速运动,线框中感应电流 i 随时间 t 变化的正确图线可能是()A.精品资料-欢迎下载-欢迎下载 名师归纳-第 3 页,共 19 页 -文档编码:CG5Z7H9D3L6 HL2D6T2S6U1 ZE9U1Y1Y6U9文档编码:CG5Z7H9D3L6 HL2D6T2S6U1 ZE9U1Y1Y6U9文档编码:CG5Z7H9D3L6 HL2D6T2S6U1 ZE9U1Y1Y6U9文档编码:CG5Z7H9D3L6 HL2D6T2S6U1 ZE9U1Y1Y6U9文档编码:CG5Z7H9D3L6 HL2D6T2S6U1 ZE9U1Y1Y6U9文档编码:CG5
13、Z7H9D3L6 HL2D6T2S6U1 ZE9U1Y1Y6U9文档编码:CG5Z7H9D3L6 HL2D6T2S6U1 ZE9U1Y1Y6U9文档编码:CG5Z7H9D3L6 HL2D6T2S6U1 ZE9U1Y1Y6U9文档编码:CG5Z7H9D3L6 HL2D6T2S6U1 ZE9U1Y1Y6U9文档编码:CG5Z7H9D3L6 HL2D6T2S6U1 ZE9U1Y1Y6U9文档编码:CG5Z7H9D3L6 HL2D6T2S6U1 ZE9U1Y1Y6U9文档编码:CG5Z7H9D3L6 HL2D6T2S6U1 ZE9U1Y1Y6U9文档编码:CG5Z7H9D3L6 HL2D6T2S6U1
14、 ZE9U1Y1Y6U9文档编码:CG5Z7H9D3L6 HL2D6T2S6U1 ZE9U1Y1Y6U9文档编码:CG5Z7H9D3L6 HL2D6T2S6U1 ZE9U1Y1Y6U9文档编码:CG5Z7H9D3L6 HL2D6T2S6U1 ZE9U1Y1Y6U9文档编码:CG5Z7H9D3L6 HL2D6T2S6U1 ZE9U1Y1Y6U9文档编码:CG5Z7H9D3L6 HL2D6T2S6U1 ZE9U1Y1Y6U9文档编码:CG5Z7H9D3L6 HL2D6T2S6U1 ZE9U1Y1Y6U9文档编码:CG5Z7H9D3L6 HL2D6T2S6U1 ZE9U1Y1Y6U9文档编码:CG5
15、Z7H9D3L6 HL2D6T2S6U1 ZE9U1Y1Y6U9文档编码:CG5Z7H9D3L6 HL2D6T2S6U1 ZE9U1Y1Y6U9文档编码:CG5Z7H9D3L6 HL2D6T2S6U1 ZE9U1Y1Y6U9文档编码:CG5Z7H9D3L6 HL2D6T2S6U1 ZE9U1Y1Y6U9文档编码:CG5Z7H9D3L6 HL2D6T2S6U1 ZE9U1Y1Y6U9文档编码:CG5Z7H9D3L6 HL2D6T2S6U1 ZE9U1Y1Y6U9文档编码:CG5Z7H9D3L6 HL2D6T2S6U1 ZE9U1Y1Y6U9文档编码:CG5Z7H9D3L6 HL2D6T2S6U1
16、 ZE9U1Y1Y6U9文档编码:CG5Z7H9D3L6 HL2D6T2S6U1 ZE9U1Y1Y6U9文档编码:CG5Z7H9D3L6 HL2D6T2S6U1 ZE9U1Y1Y6U9文档编码:CG5Z7H9D3L6 HL2D6T2S6U1 ZE9U1Y1Y6U9文档编码:CG5Z7H9D3L6 HL2D6T2S6U1 ZE9U1Y1Y6U9文档编码:CG5Z7H9D3L6 HL2D6T2S6U1 ZE9U1Y1Y6U9文档编码:CG5Z7H9D3L6 HL2D6T2S6U1 ZE9U1Y1Y6U9文档编码:CG5Z7H9D3L6 HL2D6T2S6U1 ZE9U1Y1Y6U9文档编码:CG5
17、Z7H9D3L6 HL2D6T2S6U1 ZE9U1Y1Y6U9文档编码:CG5Z7H9D3L6 HL2D6T2S6U1 ZE9U1Y1Y6U9文档编码:CG5Z7H9D3L6 HL2D6T2S6U1 ZE9U1Y1Y6U9文档编码:CG5Z7H9D3L6 HL2D6T2S6U1 ZE9U1Y1Y6U9文档编码:CG5Z7H9D3L6 HL2D6T2S6U1 ZE9U1Y1Y6U9文档编码:CG5Z7H9D3L6 HL2D6T2S6U1 ZE9U1Y1Y6U9文档编码:CG5Z7H9D3L6 HL2D6T2S6U1 ZE9U1Y1Y6U9文档编码:CG5Z7H9D3L6 HL2D6T2S6U1
18、 ZE9U1Y1Y6U9文档编码:CG5Z7H9D3L6 HL2D6T2S6U1 ZE9U1Y1Y6U9文档编码:CG5Z7H9D3L6 HL2D6T2S6U1 ZE9U1Y1Y6U9文档编码:CG5Z7H9D3L6 HL2D6T2S6U1 ZE9U1Y1Y6U9文档编码:CG5Z7H9D3L6 HL2D6T2S6U1 ZE9U1Y1Y6U9文档编码:CG5Z7H9D3L6 HL2D6T2S6U1 ZE9U1Y1Y6U94 B.C.D.【答案】D【解析】试题分析:找到线框在移动过程中谁切割磁感线,并根据右手定则判断电流的方向,从而判断整个回路中总电流的方向。要分过程处理本题。第一过程从移动的过
19、程中左边导体棒切割产生的电流方向是顺时针,右边切割磁感线产生的电流方向也是顺时针,两根棒切割产生电动势方向相同所以?=2?,则电流为?=?=2?,电流恒定且方向为顺时针,再从移动到的过程中左右两根棒切割磁感线产生的电流大小相等,方向相反,所以回路中电流表现为零,精品资料-欢迎下载-欢迎下载 名师归纳-第 4 页,共 19 页 -文档编码:CG5Z7H9D3L6 HL2D6T2S6U1 ZE9U1Y1Y6U9文档编码:CG5Z7H9D3L6 HL2D6T2S6U1 ZE9U1Y1Y6U9文档编码:CG5Z7H9D3L6 HL2D6T2S6U1 ZE9U1Y1Y6U9文档编码:CG5Z7H9D3L
20、6 HL2D6T2S6U1 ZE9U1Y1Y6U9文档编码:CG5Z7H9D3L6 HL2D6T2S6U1 ZE9U1Y1Y6U9文档编码:CG5Z7H9D3L6 HL2D6T2S6U1 ZE9U1Y1Y6U9文档编码:CG5Z7H9D3L6 HL2D6T2S6U1 ZE9U1Y1Y6U9文档编码:CG5Z7H9D3L6 HL2D6T2S6U1 ZE9U1Y1Y6U9文档编码:CG5Z7H9D3L6 HL2D6T2S6U1 ZE9U1Y1Y6U9文档编码:CG5Z7H9D3L6 HL2D6T2S6U1 ZE9U1Y1Y6U9文档编码:CG5Z7H9D3L6 HL2D6T2S6U1 ZE9U1Y
21、1Y6U9文档编码:CG5Z7H9D3L6 HL2D6T2S6U1 ZE9U1Y1Y6U9文档编码:CG5Z7H9D3L6 HL2D6T2S6U1 ZE9U1Y1Y6U9文档编码:CG5Z7H9D3L6 HL2D6T2S6U1 ZE9U1Y1Y6U9文档编码:CG5Z7H9D3L6 HL2D6T2S6U1 ZE9U1Y1Y6U9文档编码:CG5Z7H9D3L6 HL2D6T2S6U1 ZE9U1Y1Y6U9文档编码:CG5Z7H9D3L6 HL2D6T2S6U1 ZE9U1Y1Y6U9文档编码:CG5Z7H9D3L6 HL2D6T2S6U1 ZE9U1Y1Y6U9文档编码:CG5Z7H9D3L
22、6 HL2D6T2S6U1 ZE9U1Y1Y6U9文档编码:CG5Z7H9D3L6 HL2D6T2S6U1 ZE9U1Y1Y6U9文档编码:CG5Z7H9D3L6 HL2D6T2S6U1 ZE9U1Y1Y6U9文档编码:CG5Z7H9D3L6 HL2D6T2S6U1 ZE9U1Y1Y6U9文档编码:CG5Z7H9D3L6 HL2D6T2S6U1 ZE9U1Y1Y6U9文档编码:CG5Z7H9D3L6 HL2D6T2S6U1 ZE9U1Y1Y6U9文档编码:CG5Z7H9D3L6 HL2D6T2S6U1 ZE9U1Y1Y6U9文档编码:CG5Z7H9D3L6 HL2D6T2S6U1 ZE9U1Y
23、1Y6U9文档编码:CG5Z7H9D3L6 HL2D6T2S6U1 ZE9U1Y1Y6U9文档编码:CG5Z7H9D3L6 HL2D6T2S6U1 ZE9U1Y1Y6U9文档编码:CG5Z7H9D3L6 HL2D6T2S6U1 ZE9U1Y1Y6U9文档编码:CG5Z7H9D3L6 HL2D6T2S6U1 ZE9U1Y1Y6U9文档编码:CG5Z7H9D3L6 HL2D6T2S6U1 ZE9U1Y1Y6U9文档编码:CG5Z7H9D3L6 HL2D6T2S6U1 ZE9U1Y1Y6U9文档编码:CG5Z7H9D3L6 HL2D6T2S6U1 ZE9U1Y1Y6U9文档编码:CG5Z7H9D3L
24、6 HL2D6T2S6U1 ZE9U1Y1Y6U9文档编码:CG5Z7H9D3L6 HL2D6T2S6U1 ZE9U1Y1Y6U9文档编码:CG5Z7H9D3L6 HL2D6T2S6U1 ZE9U1Y1Y6U9文档编码:CG5Z7H9D3L6 HL2D6T2S6U1 ZE9U1Y1Y6U9文档编码:CG5Z7H9D3L6 HL2D6T2S6U1 ZE9U1Y1Y6U9文档编码:CG5Z7H9D3L6 HL2D6T2S6U1 ZE9U1Y1Y6U9文档编码:CG5Z7H9D3L6 HL2D6T2S6U1 ZE9U1Y1Y6U9文档编码:CG5Z7H9D3L6 HL2D6T2S6U1 ZE9U1Y
25、1Y6U9文档编码:CG5Z7H9D3L6 HL2D6T2S6U1 ZE9U1Y1Y6U9文档编码:CG5Z7H9D3L6 HL2D6T2S6U1 ZE9U1Y1Y6U9文档编码:CG5Z7H9D3L6 HL2D6T2S6U1 ZE9U1Y1Y6U9文档编码:CG5Z7H9D3L6 HL2D6T2S6U1 ZE9U1Y1Y6U9文档编码:CG5Z7H9D3L6 HL2D6T2S6U1 ZE9U1Y1Y6U9文档编码:CG5Z7H9D3L6 HL2D6T2S6U1 ZE9U1Y1Y6U9文档编码:CG5Z7H9D3L6 HL2D6T2S6U1 ZE9U1Y1Y6U95 然后从到的过程中,左边切割
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