(完整word版)高中英语名词性从句知识点及练习,推荐文档.pdf
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1、1 英语名词性从句知识点复习一、概述在复合句中具有名词的性质的作主语、表语、同位语、宾语的从句叫名词性从句。因此,我们把主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句和宾语从句这四种从句统称为名词性从句。It is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.事实上英语作为国际语言正为世人所接受。(主语从句)The trouble is that she has lost his address.麻烦的是她把他的地址搞丢了。(表语从句)They have no idea at all where he has gone.
2、他们不知道他去什么地方了。(同位语从句)Do you remember how he came?你记得他怎么来的么?(宾语从句)二、语序名词性从句要采用陈述句语序。由一个含疑问意义的连词引起时,必须将该连词放在名词性从句的开头,且该从句语序不能倒装。What we cant get seems better than what we have.我们得不到的似乎比我们所拥有的要好。The photographs will show you what our village looks like.这些照片将向你展示我们村庄的面貌。Can you make sure where Alice has
3、put the gold ring?你能肯定爱丽丝放金戒指的地方吗?No one can be sure what man will look like in a million years.没有人肯定一百万年后人类会是什么样子。He asked how much I paid for the violin.他问我花了多少钱买这个小提琴。三、时态 的呼应名词性从句特别是宾语从句中谓语动词的时态要与主句中谓语动词时态要相呼应,主要有下列几种情况:(1)如果主句中的谓语动词是一般现在时态,从句的谓语动词的时态不受主句谓语动词时态的制约。I wonder why Jenny hasn t writt
4、en us recently.We should have heard from her by now.我不知道为什么珍妮最近没有给我们写信。我们现在应当收到他的来信了。You havent said a word about my new coat,Brenda.Do you like it?你对我的新装还没说怎么样呢,喜欢吗?Im sorry I didnt say anything about it sooner.I certainly thinkit s pretty on you.对不起,我还没来得及。我认为你穿上当然好看。(2)如果主句的谓语动词是过去时态,从句的谓语动词动作发生在
5、主句的动作之前,过去完成时、过去完成进行时或一般过去时。The police foundthat the house had been broken into and a lot of things stolen.警察发现有人闯入房子并且很多东西被偷She said she had been waiting for me for a long time.她说她等了我很长时间。(3)如果主句的谓语动词是过去时态,从句的动作和主句的动作同时发生,则从句的动词用一般过去时或过去进行时。I didn t know you were here.我不知道你在这里。I was told that they
6、were designing a new machine.有人告诉我他们在设计一种新机器。(4)如果主句的谓语动词是过去时态,从句的动作发生在主句的动作之后,则从句的动词用过去将来时、过去将来进行时或过去将来完成时。We were all surprised when he made it clear that he would leave office soon.当他宣布他不久就要离职时,我们都很吃惊。They said they would be listening to a report on current affairs.他说他们将听关于时事的报告。四、引导名词性从句的关联词在传统的
7、语法中,有连接代词、连接副词和关系代词、关系副词之分;连接代词、连接副词引导名词性从句和关系代词、关系副词引导定语从句。本书根据最新资料不再作此分类,通称关系代词和关系副词。引导名词性从句的关联词大致相同,它们分别是:连词:that,whether,if;关系代词:who,what,which ,whom,whose,whatever,whoever,whomever,whichever;关系副词:when,where,how,why,however,whenever,wherever。引导从句时一般不用逗号和主句分开。详细见下表:2 类别词义在从句中的作用that 无任何词义仅起连接作用,在
8、从句中不充当任何句子成分if和 whether 意为“是否”,表明从句意义的不确定性起连接作用,在从句中不充当任何句子成分关系代词who,what,which,whom,whose,whatever,whoever,whomever,whichever 有各自自身的意义起连接作用,并在从句中充当主、表、宾、定语等关 系 副 词when,where,why,how,however,whenever,wherever 有各自自身的意义起连接作用,并在从句中充当状语1、that 从句与 wh-关系代词和关系副词引导名词性从句的区别连词 that 在从句中不作成分,不含疑问意义;而wh-连词在从句中作
9、成分,且含有疑问意义;或 what/where 从句相当于一个名词后加一个定语从句。It worried her a bit that her hair was turning grey.她的头发在变白令她有点担忧。(that 在从句中只起引导词作用,不作成分)What caused the accident is still a complete mystery.事故发生的原因仍然是个不解之谜。(What在从句中作主语)2、that 与 whether 引导名词性从句的区别。that与 whether 都是连词,引导名词性从句时,在句中只起连接作用,都不担任句子成分,使用时有下列区别:(1)
10、动词 doubt 表示“怀疑、不知道”解时,肯定句接whether 引导的宾语从句;否定句 dont doubt和疑问句 Do you doubt要接 that 引导的从句。I don t doubt that he will come soon.我不怀疑他不久会来。(此处不用whether)Can you doubt that he will win?你怀疑他会赢吗?(此处不用whether)I doubt whether it is true.我怀疑那不是真的。比较:doubt 表示“不信”解时,表示强烈的不相信时,在陈述句中可接that从句。I doubt that he will st
11、ay there.我不信他会留在那里。(2)that本身无意义,有时可以省略;whether 本身有意义,在句中均不可省略。He said(that)he was from New York.他说他是从纽约来的。(that无意义,可以省略)Whether he will go there is not decided yet.他去不去没定下来。(whether 有意义,不可以省略)(3)如果宾语从句表示两种可能性据其一时,只能用whether(or not),不可用 that。I wonder whether he knew the manager(or not).我不知道他是否认识经理。(不
12、能用 that)I am not sure whether he will come.他来不来我没把握。(不能用 that)(4)whether 引导的从句能几乎作所有介词的宾语;that引导的从句只能作except,but,besides的介词宾语。I have no interest in whether he will come.我对他来与否不感兴趣。(不能用 that)He is a good boy except that he is careless sometimes.他是个好孩子,只是有时有点粗心。3、whether 和 if的区别(1)whether 可以引导 discuss
13、和介词宾语从句,而if不能。I havent settled the question of whether Ill lend him the money.我还没决定是否把钱借给她。(不能用 if)They are talking about whether they will go there.他们正在讨论是否去那里。(不能用 if)(2)whether可以应到所有的名词性从句,而if只能引导宾语从句;在引起主语从句时,特别是主语从句在句首时,不能用if,除非是有形式主语it的主语从句。Whether the 2000 Olympic Games will be held in Beijin
14、g is not known yet.2000 年奥运会是否在北京举行还不知道。(不能用 if)Whether well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.The question is whether it is worth doing.问题是这值不值得做。我们明天是否去野营要看天气而定。(不能用 if)The question whether we need it has not been decided.我们需不需要它还没定。(不能用 if)文档编码:CR10N3A3M8Z3 HT2X3F10O7Q4 ZT2X5P10B5L8文档编码:
15、CR10N3A3M8Z3 HT2X3F10O7Q4 ZT2X5P10B5L8文档编码:CR10N3A3M8Z3 HT2X3F10O7Q4 ZT2X5P10B5L8文档编码:CR10N3A3M8Z3 HT2X3F10O7Q4 ZT2X5P10B5L8文档编码:CR10N3A3M8Z3 HT2X3F10O7Q4 ZT2X5P10B5L8文档编码:CR10N3A3M8Z3 HT2X3F10O7Q4 ZT2X5P10B5L8文档编码:CR10N3A3M8Z3 HT2X3F10O7Q4 ZT2X5P10B5L8文档编码:CR10N3A3M8Z3 HT2X3F10O7Q4 ZT2X5P10B5L8文档编码
16、:CR10N3A3M8Z3 HT2X3F10O7Q4 ZT2X5P10B5L8文档编码:CR10N3A3M8Z3 HT2X3F10O7Q4 ZT2X5P10B5L8文档编码:CR10N3A3M8Z3 HT2X3F10O7Q4 ZT2X5P10B5L8文档编码:CR10N3A3M8Z3 HT2X3F10O7Q4 ZT2X5P10B5L8文档编码:CR10N3A3M8Z3 HT2X3F10O7Q4 ZT2X5P10B5L8文档编码:CR10N3A3M8Z3 HT2X3F10O7Q4 ZT2X5P10B5L8文档编码:CR10N3A3M8Z3 HT2X3F10O7Q4 ZT2X5P10B5L8文档编
17、码:CR10N3A3M8Z3 HT2X3F10O7Q4 ZT2X5P10B5L8文档编码:CR10N3A3M8Z3 HT2X3F10O7Q4 ZT2X5P10B5L8文档编码:CR10N3A3M8Z3 HT2X3F10O7Q4 ZT2X5P10B5L8文档编码:CR10N3A3M8Z3 HT2X3F10O7Q4 ZT2X5P10B5L8文档编码:CR10N3A3M8Z3 HT2X3F10O7Q4 ZT2X5P10B5L8文档编码:CR10N3A3M8Z3 HT2X3F10O7Q4 ZT2X5P10B5L8文档编码:CR10N3A3M8Z3 HT2X3F10O7Q4 ZT2X5P10B5L8文档
18、编码:CR10N3A3M8Z3 HT2X3F10O7Q4 ZT2X5P10B5L8文档编码:CR10N3A3M8Z3 HT2X3F10O7Q4 ZT2X5P10B5L8文档编码:CR10N3A3M8Z3 HT2X3F10O7Q4 ZT2X5P10B5L8文档编码:CR10N3A3M8Z3 HT2X3F10O7Q4 ZT2X5P10B5L8文档编码:CR10N3A3M8Z3 HT2X3F10O7Q4 ZT2X5P10B5L8文档编码:CR10N3A3M8Z3 HT2X3F10O7Q4 ZT2X5P10B5L8文档编码:CR10N3A3M8Z3 HT2X3F10O7Q4 ZT2X5P10B5L8文
19、档编码:CR10N3A3M8Z3 HT2X3F10O7Q4 ZT2X5P10B5L8文档编码:CR10N3A3M8Z3 HT2X3F10O7Q4 ZT2X5P10B5L8文档编码:CR10N3A3M8Z3 HT2X3F10O7Q4 ZT2X5P10B5L8文档编码:CR10N3A3M8Z3 HT2X3F10O7Q4 ZT2X5P10B5L8文档编码:CR10N3A3M8Z3 HT2X3F10O7Q4 ZT2X5P10B5L8文档编码:CR10N3A3M8Z3 HT2X3F10O7Q4 ZT2X5P10B5L8文档编码:CR10N3A3M8Z3 HT2X3F10O7Q4 ZT2X5P10B5L8
20、文档编码:CR10N3A3M8Z3 HT2X3F10O7Q4 ZT2X5P10B5L8文档编码:CR10N3A3M8Z3 HT2X3F10O7Q4 ZT2X5P10B5L8文档编码:CR10N3A3M8Z3 HT2X3F10O7Q4 ZT2X5P10B5L8文档编码:CR10N3A3M8Z3 HT2X3F10O7Q4 ZT2X5P10B5L8文档编码:CR10N3A3M8Z3 HT2X3F10O7Q4 ZT2X5P10B5L8文档编码:CR10N3A3M8Z3 HT2X3F10O7Q4 ZT2X5P10B5L8文档编码:CR10N3A3M8Z3 HT2X3F10O7Q4 ZT2X5P10B5L
21、8文档编码:CR10N3A3M8Z3 HT2X3F10O7Q4 ZT2X5P10B5L8文档编码:CR10N3A3M8Z3 HT2X3F10O7Q4 ZT2X5P10B5L8文档编码:CR10N3A3M8Z3 HT2X3F10O7Q4 ZT2X5P10B5L8文档编码:CR10N3A3M8Z3 HT2X3F10O7Q4 ZT2X5P10B5L8文档编码:CR10N3A3M8Z3 HT2X3F10O7Q4 ZT2X5P10B5L83(3)whether 后可以直接跟or not或 or no,构成 whether or not或 whether or no,if则不能。但可以说 whether/
22、if or not,whether/if or。I dont know whether or not hell come.我不知道他是否会来。(不能用if)He will leave for Paris tomorrow,whether or no.他明天无论如何要动身去巴黎了。(不能用 if)I don t care whether/if you come or not.我不关心你来与否。(4)if 引导的从句可用于否定的谓语,whether 引导的从句不用于否定的谓语。I dont care if you wont come.我才不在乎他来不来呢。He doesn t care if yo
23、u dont pay the money.你付不付钱他不在乎。(5)whether or 可以引导让步状语从句,or 不可省略;if可以引导条件状语从句。Whether it snows or not,I will go there by bike.不论明天下不下雪,我都骑车去。If he had been given more time,he could have done it much better.如果给他更多的时间,他会做得更好。(6)whether 可以和不定式连用,而if不能。He didnt know whether to get married or to wait.他不知道
24、是现在结婚还是等等再说。They haven t decided whether to go there or not.他们还没决定去不去。(7)whether 和 if引导的宾语从句,可以用肯定,也可以用否定,但含义不同。He asked whether she could help.他问她是否能帮忙。(表示疑问,可加or not)He asked whether she couldnt help.他认为她能帮忙。(表示否定,不可加or not)巧记 whether 与 if异同“whether”与“if”都可表“是否”,是常考内容。下面的顺口溜可帮你记住其异同。主从表从同位从,if不用 w
25、hether 用;discuss和介词后,whether 引宾从;不定式、or not后面跟,whether 独能显神通;宾从如是否定句,if发挥其功用;避免歧义要慎重,其它情况可换用。4、关系代词与关系副词引起的名词性从句的应当注意的问题(1)wh-ever 引起的名词性从句不含疑问意义,相当于不定代词后加一个定语从句:whatever=anything that,whoever=anyone who,wherever=any place where,whenever=any time when表示泛指;而 what,which,who,when,where,how等词都有时含有疑问意义,表
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