(完整word版)2019年全国卷三高考化学真题.pdf
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1、1 2019 年全国卷三高考化学真题7化学与生活密切相关。下列叙述错误的是A高纯硅可用于制作光感电池B铝合金大量用于高铁建设C活性炭具有除异味和杀菌作用D碘酒可用于皮肤外用消毒8下列化合物的分子中,所有原子可能共平面的是A甲苯B乙烷C丙炔D1,3-丁二烯9X、Y、Z 均为短周期主族元素,它们原子的最外层电子数之和为10,X 与 Z 同族,Y 最外层电子数等于 X 次外层电子数,且Y 原子半径大于Z。下列叙述正确的是A熔点:X 的氧化物比Y 的氧化物高B热稳定性:X 的氢化物大于Z 的氢化物CX 与 Z 可形成离子化合物ZX DY 的单质与Z 的单质均能溶于浓硝酸10离子交换法净化水过程如图所示
2、。下列说法中错误的是A经过阳离子交换树脂后,水中阳离子的总数不变B水中的3NO、24SO、Cl-通过阴离子树脂后被除去C通过净化处理后,水的导电性降低D阴离子树脂填充段存在反应H+OH-H2O 11设 NA为阿伏加德罗常数值。关于常温下pH=2的H3PO4溶液,下列说法正确的是A每升溶液中的H+数目为 0.02NABc(H+)=c(42H PO)+2c(24HPO)+3c(34PO)+c(OH-)精品资料-欢迎下载-欢迎下载 名师归纳-第 1 页,共 8 页 -2 C加水稀释使电离度增大,溶液pH减小D加入 NaH2PO4固体,溶液酸性增强12下列实验不能达到目的的是选项目的实验A 制取较高浓
3、度的次氯酸溶液将Cl2通入碳酸钠溶液中B 加快氧气的生成速率在过氧化氢溶液中加入少量MnO2C 除去乙酸乙酯中的少量乙酸加入饱和碳酸钠溶液洗涤、分液D 制备少量二氧化硫气体向饱和亚硫酸钠溶液中滴加浓硫酸13为提升电池循环效率和稳定性,科学家近期利用三维多孔海绵状Zn(3D-Zn)可以高效沉积ZnO的特点,设 计 了采 用 强 碱 性 电 解 质 的 3D-Zn NiOOH 二 次 电 池,结 构 如 下 图 所 示。电 池 反 应 为Zn(s)+2NiOOH(s)+H2O(l)放电充电ZnO(s)+2Ni(OH)2(s)。下列说法错误的是A三维多孔海绵状Zn具有较高的表面积,所沉积的ZnO分散
4、度高B充电时阳极反应为Ni(OH)2(s)+OH-(aq)-e-NiOOH(s)+H2O(l)C放电时负极反应为Zn(s)+2OH-(aq)-2e-ZnO(s)+H2O(l)D放电过程中 OH-通过隔膜从负极区移向正极区26(14分)高纯硫酸锰作为合成镍钴锰三元正极材料的原料,工业上可由天然二氧化锰粉与硫化锰矿(还含 Fe、Al、Mg、Zn、Ni、Si等元素)制备,工艺如下图所示。回答下列问题:相关金属离子 c0(Mn+)=0.1 molL-1形成氢氧化物沉淀的pH 范围如下:金属离子Mn2+Fe2+Fe3+Al3+Mg2+Zn2+Ni2+开始沉淀的pH 8.1 6.3 1.5 3.4 8.9
5、 6.2 6.9 沉淀完全的pH 10.1 8.3 2.8 4.7 10.9 8.2 8.9 精品资料-欢迎下载-欢迎下载 名师归纳-第 2 页,共 8 页 -文档编码:CX2I3T6N6F4 HM9J10F3L9I6 ZT7M9N6W2W3文档编码:CX2I3T6N6F4 HM9J10F3L9I6 ZT7M9N6W2W3文档编码:CX2I3T6N6F4 HM9J10F3L9I6 ZT7M9N6W2W3文档编码:CX2I3T6N6F4 HM9J10F3L9I6 ZT7M9N6W2W3文档编码:CX2I3T6N6F4 HM9J10F3L9I6 ZT7M9N6W2W3文档编码:CX2I3T6N6F
6、4 HM9J10F3L9I6 ZT7M9N6W2W3文档编码:CX2I3T6N6F4 HM9J10F3L9I6 ZT7M9N6W2W3文档编码:CX2I3T6N6F4 HM9J10F3L9I6 ZT7M9N6W2W3文档编码:CX2I3T6N6F4 HM9J10F3L9I6 ZT7M9N6W2W3文档编码:CX2I3T6N6F4 HM9J10F3L9I6 ZT7M9N6W2W3文档编码:CX2I3T6N6F4 HM9J10F3L9I6 ZT7M9N6W2W3文档编码:CX2I3T6N6F4 HM9J10F3L9I6 ZT7M9N6W2W3文档编码:CX2I3T6N6F4 HM9J10F3L9I
7、6 ZT7M9N6W2W3文档编码:CX2I3T6N6F4 HM9J10F3L9I6 ZT7M9N6W2W3文档编码:CX2I3T6N6F4 HM9J10F3L9I6 ZT7M9N6W2W3文档编码:CX2I3T6N6F4 HM9J10F3L9I6 ZT7M9N6W2W3文档编码:CX2I3T6N6F4 HM9J10F3L9I6 ZT7M9N6W2W3文档编码:CX2I3T6N6F4 HM9J10F3L9I6 ZT7M9N6W2W3文档编码:CX2I3T6N6F4 HM9J10F3L9I6 ZT7M9N6W2W3文档编码:CX2I3T6N6F4 HM9J10F3L9I6 ZT7M9N6W2W3
8、文档编码:CX2I3T6N6F4 HM9J10F3L9I6 ZT7M9N6W2W3文档编码:CX2I3T6N6F4 HM9J10F3L9I6 ZT7M9N6W2W3文档编码:CX2I3T6N6F4 HM9J10F3L9I6 ZT7M9N6W2W3文档编码:CX2I3T6N6F4 HM9J10F3L9I6 ZT7M9N6W2W3文档编码:CX2I3T6N6F4 HM9J10F3L9I6 ZT7M9N6W2W3文档编码:CX2I3T6N6F4 HM9J10F3L9I6 ZT7M9N6W2W3文档编码:CX2I3T6N6F4 HM9J10F3L9I6 ZT7M9N6W2W3文档编码:CX2I3T6N
9、6F4 HM9J10F3L9I6 ZT7M9N6W2W3文档编码:CX2I3T6N6F4 HM9J10F3L9I6 ZT7M9N6W2W3文档编码:CX2I3T6N6F4 HM9J10F3L9I6 ZT7M9N6W2W3文档编码:CX2I3T6N6F4 HM9J10F3L9I6 ZT7M9N6W2W3文档编码:CX2I3T6N6F4 HM9J10F3L9I6 ZT7M9N6W2W3文档编码:CX2I3T6N6F4 HM9J10F3L9I6 ZT7M9N6W2W3文档编码:CX2I3T6N6F4 HM9J10F3L9I6 ZT7M9N6W2W3文档编码:CX2I3T6N6F4 HM9J10F3L
10、9I6 ZT7M9N6W2W3文档编码:CX2I3T6N6F4 HM9J10F3L9I6 ZT7M9N6W2W3文档编码:CX2I3T6N6F4 HM9J10F3L9I6 ZT7M9N6W2W3文档编码:CX2I3T6N6F4 HM9J10F3L9I6 ZT7M9N6W2W3文档编码:CX2I3T6N6F4 HM9J10F3L9I6 ZT7M9N6W2W3文档编码:CX2I3T6N6F4 HM9J10F3L9I6 ZT7M9N6W2W3文档编码:CX2I3T6N6F4 HM9J10F3L9I6 ZT7M9N6W2W3文档编码:CX2I3T6N6F4 HM9J10F3L9I6 ZT7M9N6W2
11、W3文档编码:CX2I3T6N6F4 HM9J10F3L9I6 ZT7M9N6W2W3文档编码:CX2I3T6N6F4 HM9J10F3L9I6 ZT7M9N6W2W3文档编码:CX2I3T6N6F4 HM9J10F3L9I6 ZT7M9N6W2W3文档编码:CX2I3T6N6F4 HM9J10F3L9I6 ZT7M9N6W2W3文档编码:CX2I3T6N6F4 HM9J10F3L9I6 ZT7M9N6W2W3文档编码:CX2I3T6N6F4 HM9J10F3L9I6 ZT7M9N6W2W33(1)“滤渣 1”含有 S和_;写出“溶浸”中二氧化锰与硫化锰反应的化学方程式_。(2)“氧化”中添加
12、适量的 MnO2的作用是 _。(3)“调 pH”除铁和铝,溶液的pH范围应调节为 _6之间。(4)“除杂 1”的目的是除去Zn2+和Ni2+,“滤渣 3”的主要成分是 _。(5)“除杂 2”的目的是生成MgF2沉淀除去Mg2+。若溶液酸度过高,Mg2+沉淀不完全,原因是_。(6)写出“沉锰”的离子方程式 _。(7)层状镍钴锰三元材料可作为锂离子电池正极材料,其化学式为LiNixCoyMnzO2,其中 Ni、Co、Mn的化合价分别为+2、+3、+4。当x=y=13时,z=_。27(14分)乙酰水杨酸(阿司匹林)是目前常用药物之一。实验室通过水杨酸进行乙酰化制备阿司匹林的一种方法如下:水杨酸醋酸酐
13、乙酰水杨酸熔点/157159-72-74 135138 相对密度/(g cm3)1.44 1.10 1.35 相对分子质量138 102 180 实验过程:在 100 mL 锥形瓶中加入水杨酸6.9 g及醋酸酐 10 mL,充分摇动使固体完全溶解。缓慢滴加0.5 mL 浓硫酸后加热,维持瓶内温度在70 左右,充分反应。稍冷后进行如下操作。在不断搅拌下将反应后的混合物倒入100 mL冷水中,析出固体,过滤。所得结晶粗品加入50 mL 饱和碳酸氢钠溶液,溶解、过滤。滤液用浓盐酸酸化后冷却、过滤得固体。固体经纯化得白色的乙酰水杨酸晶体5.4 g。回答下列问题:(1)该合成反应中应采用_加热。(填标号
14、)精品资料-欢迎下载-欢迎下载 名师归纳-第 3 页,共 8 页 -文档编码:CX2I3T6N6F4 HM9J10F3L9I6 ZT7M9N6W2W3文档编码:CX2I3T6N6F4 HM9J10F3L9I6 ZT7M9N6W2W3文档编码:CX2I3T6N6F4 HM9J10F3L9I6 ZT7M9N6W2W3文档编码:CX2I3T6N6F4 HM9J10F3L9I6 ZT7M9N6W2W3文档编码:CX2I3T6N6F4 HM9J10F3L9I6 ZT7M9N6W2W3文档编码:CX2I3T6N6F4 HM9J10F3L9I6 ZT7M9N6W2W3文档编码:CX2I3T6N6F4 HM9
15、J10F3L9I6 ZT7M9N6W2W3文档编码:CX2I3T6N6F4 HM9J10F3L9I6 ZT7M9N6W2W3文档编码:CX2I3T6N6F4 HM9J10F3L9I6 ZT7M9N6W2W3文档编码:CX2I3T6N6F4 HM9J10F3L9I6 ZT7M9N6W2W3文档编码:CX2I3T6N6F4 HM9J10F3L9I6 ZT7M9N6W2W3文档编码:CX2I3T6N6F4 HM9J10F3L9I6 ZT7M9N6W2W3文档编码:CX2I3T6N6F4 HM9J10F3L9I6 ZT7M9N6W2W3文档编码:CX2I3T6N6F4 HM9J10F3L9I6 ZT7
16、M9N6W2W3文档编码:CX2I3T6N6F4 HM9J10F3L9I6 ZT7M9N6W2W3文档编码:CX2I3T6N6F4 HM9J10F3L9I6 ZT7M9N6W2W3文档编码:CX2I3T6N6F4 HM9J10F3L9I6 ZT7M9N6W2W3文档编码:CX2I3T6N6F4 HM9J10F3L9I6 ZT7M9N6W2W3文档编码:CX2I3T6N6F4 HM9J10F3L9I6 ZT7M9N6W2W3文档编码:CX2I3T6N6F4 HM9J10F3L9I6 ZT7M9N6W2W3文档编码:CX2I3T6N6F4 HM9J10F3L9I6 ZT7M9N6W2W3文档编码:
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18、M9J10F3L9I6 ZT7M9N6W2W3文档编码:CX2I3T6N6F4 HM9J10F3L9I6 ZT7M9N6W2W3文档编码:CX2I3T6N6F4 HM9J10F3L9I6 ZT7M9N6W2W3文档编码:CX2I3T6N6F4 HM9J10F3L9I6 ZT7M9N6W2W3文档编码:CX2I3T6N6F4 HM9J10F3L9I6 ZT7M9N6W2W3文档编码:CX2I3T6N6F4 HM9J10F3L9I6 ZT7M9N6W2W3文档编码:CX2I3T6N6F4 HM9J10F3L9I6 ZT7M9N6W2W3文档编码:CX2I3T6N6F4 HM9J10F3L9I6 Z
19、T7M9N6W2W3文档编码:CX2I3T6N6F4 HM9J10F3L9I6 ZT7M9N6W2W3文档编码:CX2I3T6N6F4 HM9J10F3L9I6 ZT7M9N6W2W3文档编码:CX2I3T6N6F4 HM9J10F3L9I6 ZT7M9N6W2W3文档编码:CX2I3T6N6F4 HM9J10F3L9I6 ZT7M9N6W2W3文档编码:CX2I3T6N6F4 HM9J10F3L9I6 ZT7M9N6W2W3文档编码:CX2I3T6N6F4 HM9J10F3L9I6 ZT7M9N6W2W3文档编码:CX2I3T6N6F4 HM9J10F3L9I6 ZT7M9N6W2W3文档编
20、码:CX2I3T6N6F4 HM9J10F3L9I6 ZT7M9N6W2W3文档编码:CX2I3T6N6F4 HM9J10F3L9I6 ZT7M9N6W2W3文档编码:CX2I3T6N6F4 HM9J10F3L9I6 ZT7M9N6W2W3文档编码:CX2I3T6N6F4 HM9J10F3L9I6 ZT7M9N6W2W3文档编码:CX2I3T6N6F4 HM9J10F3L9I6 ZT7M9N6W2W34 A热水浴B酒精灯C煤气灯D电炉(2)下列玻璃仪器中,中需使用的有_(填标号),不需使用的_(填名称)。(3)中需使用冷水,目的是_。(4)中饱和碳酸氢钠的作用是_,以便过滤除去难溶杂质。(5)
21、采用的纯化方法为_。(6)本实验的产率是_%。28(15 分)近年来,随着聚酯工业的快速发展,氯气的需求量和氯化氢的产出量也随之迅速增长。因此,将氯化氢转化为氯气的技术成为科学研究的热点。回答下列问题:(1)Deacon 发明的直接氧化法为:4HCl(g)+O2(g)=2Cl2(g)+2H2O(g)。下图为刚性容器中,进料浓度比c(HCl)c(O2)分别等于11、41、71 时 HCl 平衡转化率随温度变化的关系:可知反应平衡常数K(300)_K(400)(填“大于”或“小于”)。设HCl初始浓度为c0,根据进料浓度比c(HCl)c(O2)=11 的数据计算K(400)=_(列出计算式)。按化
22、学计量比进料可以保持反应物高转化率,同时降低产物分离的能耗。进料浓度比c(HCl)c(O2)过低、过高的不利影响分别是_。(2)Deacon 直接氧化法可按下列催化过程进行:CuCl2(s)=CuCl(s)+12Cl2(g)H1=83 kJ mol-1CuCl(s)+12O2(g)=CuO(s)+12Cl2(g)H2=-20 kJmol-1精品资料-欢迎下载-欢迎下载 名师归纳-第 4 页,共 8 页 -文档编码:CX2I3T6N6F4 HM9J10F3L9I6 ZT7M9N6W2W3文档编码:CX2I3T6N6F4 HM9J10F3L9I6 ZT7M9N6W2W3文档编码:CX2I3T6N6
23、F4 HM9J10F3L9I6 ZT7M9N6W2W3文档编码:CX2I3T6N6F4 HM9J10F3L9I6 ZT7M9N6W2W3文档编码:CX2I3T6N6F4 HM9J10F3L9I6 ZT7M9N6W2W3文档编码:CX2I3T6N6F4 HM9J10F3L9I6 ZT7M9N6W2W3文档编码:CX2I3T6N6F4 HM9J10F3L9I6 ZT7M9N6W2W3文档编码:CX2I3T6N6F4 HM9J10F3L9I6 ZT7M9N6W2W3文档编码:CX2I3T6N6F4 HM9J10F3L9I6 ZT7M9N6W2W3文档编码:CX2I3T6N6F4 HM9J10F3L9
24、I6 ZT7M9N6W2W3文档编码:CX2I3T6N6F4 HM9J10F3L9I6 ZT7M9N6W2W3文档编码:CX2I3T6N6F4 HM9J10F3L9I6 ZT7M9N6W2W3文档编码:CX2I3T6N6F4 HM9J10F3L9I6 ZT7M9N6W2W3文档编码:CX2I3T6N6F4 HM9J10F3L9I6 ZT7M9N6W2W3文档编码:CX2I3T6N6F4 HM9J10F3L9I6 ZT7M9N6W2W3文档编码:CX2I3T6N6F4 HM9J10F3L9I6 ZT7M9N6W2W3文档编码:CX2I3T6N6F4 HM9J10F3L9I6 ZT7M9N6W2W
25、3文档编码:CX2I3T6N6F4 HM9J10F3L9I6 ZT7M9N6W2W3文档编码:CX2I3T6N6F4 HM9J10F3L9I6 ZT7M9N6W2W3文档编码:CX2I3T6N6F4 HM9J10F3L9I6 ZT7M9N6W2W3文档编码:CX2I3T6N6F4 HM9J10F3L9I6 ZT7M9N6W2W3文档编码:CX2I3T6N6F4 HM9J10F3L9I6 ZT7M9N6W2W3文档编码:CX2I3T6N6F4 HM9J10F3L9I6 ZT7M9N6W2W3文档编码:CX2I3T6N6F4 HM9J10F3L9I6 ZT7M9N6W2W3文档编码:CX2I3T6
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