小学英语语法——代词知识点讲解+练习(共15页).doc

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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上代 词一、代词概述1、代词的定义：代词是代替名词并起到名词作用的词。2、代词的种类：（1）人称代词：用来指代人、动物或事物的代词。它必须在人称、数（单、复数）上与被指代的名词保持一致。（2）物主代词： 表示所有关系的代词，分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。（3）反身代词： 强调的是某人自己。如myself, yourself, himself, itself 等。（4）指示代词： 表示“这个、那个、这些、那些”指向性的代词，主要有this，that，these，those。（5）疑问代词： who, whom, whose, which, what等用于引出特殊疑

2、问句的代词。（6）不定代词： 不明确代替哪个具体名词的代词。如some, any, all, both, every, much, many 等。（7）相互代词：只有each other 和 one another两个，都表示“相互”的意思，但两者有一定的区别。each other 表示两者之间的相互，one another表示三者或三者以上的相互。3.代词的形式变化表人称数主格宾格形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词反身代词第一人称单数Imemyminemyself复数weusouroursourselves第二人称单数youyouyouryoursyourself复数youyouyouryour

3、syourselves第三人称单数hehimhishishimselfsheherherhersherselfitititsitsitself复数theythemtheirtheirsthemselves二、代词考点纵览知识点考点考点对应典型例题剖析 考点一：人称代词 考点1：主格用作主语和表语。典型例题 1_ is Sunday today. _ is a fine day.A. Today; ThisB. It; That C. It; It D. It; This 答案：C典型例题 2It was_ who helped us a lot.A. her B. hers C. she D.

4、 him答案：C典型例题 3_ like sports.A. I B. Me C. Mine D. Us答案：A考点2：宾格用作宾语（用于动词和介词的后面），口语中也可用作表语。典型例题 1Please give_ a pen.A. I B. me C. mine D. myself答案：B典型例题 2This present is for_.A. she B. hers C. her D. he 答案：C典型例题 3-Who is there?-Its_.A. I B. me C. mine D. my答案：B考点3：人称代词的顺序：单数：你，她（他），我【you, she/he and I

5、】;复数：我们，你们，他们【we, you, they】典型例题 1_ are in the same school.A. She, you and I B. You, she and I C. I, you and she D. You, I and she答案：B典型例题 2These apples are for_.A. Mary and me B. Mary and I C. me and Mary D. I and Mary答案：A典型例题 3_ are all from Beijing.A. You, we and they B. We, you and they C. They,

6、 you and we D. We, they and you答案：B考点4：it的特殊用法：it除了指“事”或“物”以外，还常用于指时间、天气、距离、形式主语和形式宾语等。典型例题1_ is a rainy day today.A. This B. It C. That D. These答案：B典型例题2_ is about ten minutes walk from here.A. It B. This C. That D. These答案：A典型例题3I think _important to keep healthy.A. it B. this C. that D. these答案：A

7、 考点二：物主代词考点1：形容词性物主代词起形容词作用，用来修饰名词，放在名词前，不可单独使用。典型例题 1_ schoolbag is heavier than mine.A. YouB. Your C. Yours D. Yourself答案：B典型例题 2-Is this your English book? -No, _book is over there.A. mine B. his C. my D. I答案：C典型例题 3On my way home, I saw a boy looking for_ mother.A. he B. his C. her D. hers 答案：B考

8、点2：名词性的物主代词在句中起名词作用，可以单独使用，相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”。典型例题1Your shoes are white. _ are black.A. Mine B. My C. Me D. I答案：A典型例题2This book is mine and that book is _.A. her B. hers C. she D. herself答案：B典型例题3I like that blue shirt. Is it _?A. you B. your C. yours D. yourself答案：C考点3：常用的含有物主代词的固定词组。on ones way (to)

9、在某人去的路上of ones own 某人自己的do ones homework 做（某人的）作业to ones surprise/joy令某人感到惊讶/高兴地是 考点三：反身代词考点1：用作动词宾语或介词宾语。典型例题 1I taught _ English.A. me B. myself C. I D. mine答案：B典型例题 2She often says to_,“I believe I can!”A. her B. herself C. hers D. him答案：B典型例题 3You should take care of _ when your parents are out.

10、A. A. you B. yourself C. your D. yours答案：B考点2：用作同位语。典型例题1The teacher_ will visit Peters parents.A. her B. herself C. she D. him答案：B典型例题2The thing_ is not important.A. itself B. it C. its D. its答案：A典型例题3You may go and ask the teacher_.A. himself B. him C. his D. her答案：A考点3：常用的含有反身代词的固定词组。by oneself 独

11、自help oneself to 随便吃make oneself at home 别拘束，像在自己家一样enjoy oneself 玩得开心hurt oneself 弄伤自己teach oneself 自学say to oneself 自言自语look at oneself in the mirror 照镜子 考点四：指示代词考点四：指示代词表示“这个，那个，这些，那些”指向性的代词为指示代词，主要有：this, that, these, those。其中this， these指在时间或空间上离说话人较近的人或物； that， those指在时间或空间上离说话人较远的人或物。this和that

12、指代的是单数名词， these和those指代的是复数名词。考点1：指示代词的一般用法：作主语或作定语（用于名词前）。典型例题 1_ are apples in front of you.A. Those B. These C. This D. That答案：B典型例题 2Look at _desks. They are all new. A. theseB. this C. that D. it答案：A典型例题3Please pass me _ tomatoes in that room and I want to cook some soup.A. thoseB. these C. thi

13、s D. that答案：A注意：问句中有指示代词，在回答时，要用人称代词it代替this和that, they 代替these 和those。对比：错误：Whats this on the desk? This is a ruler.正确：Whats this on the desk? Its a ruler.考点2: 指示代词的特殊用法。特殊用法1：电话用语中，This is表示“我是” Is that?表示“你是吗？”典型例题 1-Hello, may I speak to Tom? -Hello,_ is Tom speaking.A. it B. thisC. that D. thes

14、e 答案：B典型例题 2-Hello, is_ Tom speaking?-Yes, this is Tom speaking.A. this B. that C. it D. these答案：B典型例题 3-Who is speaking? -This is Tom.A. this B. that C. it D. these 答案：B特殊用法2：that, those常用来代替前面出现过的名词或名词词组，以免重复。典型例题 1The weather in winter in Shanghai is much warmer than_ in Beijing.A. that B. this C

15、. it D. those答案：A典型例题 2The apples in that box are bigger than_ in this box.A. that B. those C. these D. this答案：B典型例题 3The flowers in his garden are more beautiful than_ in my garden.A. those B. these C. that D. its答案：A特殊用法3：this 用于代替下文中的一句话或情况；that用于代替上文中的一句话或情况。典型例题 1_ is why I think English is imp

16、ortant to us.A. It B. That C. This D. These答案：B典型例题 2The wonderful song goes like _.A. that B. this C. it D. its答案：B典型例题 3It is very interesting. _ is the reason why I like it.A. That B. This C. It D. Those答案：A 考点五：疑问代词考点1：疑问代词主要有 which(哪一个)， who/whom(谁)， whose(谁的)， what(什么)，它们和一些疑问副词how, when, wher

17、e, why等用法类似，放在句首，后面跟一般疑问句，构成特殊疑问句。典型例题 1-_ is the blackboard?-It is a rectangle.A. What B. What shape C. What color D. What size答案：B典型例题 2-_ is this blue bag?-Its Mikes.A. Who B. Whose C. What D. Which答案：B典型例题 3-_do you prefer, tea or coffee?-Tea, please.A. What B. How C. Where D. Which答案：D 考点六：不定代词

18、不定代词是不明确代替哪个具体名词的代词。常用的不定代词有：one, ones, both, all, either, neither, other, another, none, each, every, some, any, many, much, (a)few, (a)little等。还有由some-, any-, no-和every-合成的不定代词。考点1：one 和ones 的用法：one/ones 指人或物，可作主语、表语和宾语。one 用来替代前面的单数名词，ones用来替代前面的复数名词，以避免重复。典型例题 1_has ones own right to choose.A. O

19、ne B. Ones C. It D. Its答案：A典型例题 2I lost my old camera; this is a new_.A. ones B. one C. it D. this 答案：B典型例题 3Red apples often taste better than green _.A. one B. ones C. its D. this答案：B考点2：either, neither, both和all的用法either 两者中的任何一个。neither 两者都不。both 两者都。all 三者或以上都。典型例题 1There are a lot of trees on

20、_ side of the street.A. both B. every C. either D. all答案：C典型例题 2_of his parents are teachers.A. Either B. Both C. Neither D. All答案：B典型例题 3_ of the students are happy on Childrens Day.A. All B. Both C. Neither D. Either答案：A考点3：the other, another的用法：the other表示（两者中的）另一个。another 表示（多个中的）另一个。典型例题 1I hav

21、e two uncles. One is a policeman and _ is a doctor.A. the other B. another C. others D. the others 答案：A典型例题 2Here are three apples. One is red, _ is green and the third is yellow.A. the other B. another C. others D. the others答案：B典型例题 3I have three friends. Two of them are from China and _ is from E

22、ngland.A. the other B. another C. others D. the others答案：A考点4：others和the others的用法：others表示别的，另一些（人或物），不包括所有其余的。the others表示所有其余的。典型例题1After class, some students are talking with each other, and_ are playing games.A. the other B. the others C. others D. another答案：C 典型例题2I have got ten pencils. Two o

23、f them are red and _ are blue.A. the others B. the other C. others D. another答案：A典型例题3She has six sons. One is more intelligent than_.A. other B. the other C. others D. the others 答案：D考点5：some和any的用法:some表示一些，一般用于肯定句中。any 表示一些，用于否定句和一般疑问句中。典型例题1There are _ apples in the box.A. some B. any C. little

24、D. a little答案：A典型例题2Do you have _ water here?A. some B. any C. few D. many答案：B典型例题3I dont have _ bananas.A. some B. any C. little D. much 答案：B注意：1.疑问句一般不用some，只有当表示邀请或期待对方做出肯定回答时才能用some。例如：Would you like some coffee?你想要来点咖啡吗？2.some修饰可数名词单数时，不是“一些”的含义，而是“某个”。例如：Hes waiting for some friend.他在等某个朋友。3.a

25、ny 用于肯定句，后面修饰可数名词单数时，表示“任一”。例如：The teacher likes any student in her class. 这个老师喜欢他班里的每一个学生。考点6：（a）few和(a)little的用法:few, little:几乎没有（否定语气）a few, a little: 一些，少数（肯定语气）few, a few指可数的事物，只能与可数名词复数搭配little, a little指不可数事物，只能与不可数名词搭配典型例题1Lets buy some milk. There is _ in the fridge.A. few B. a few C. littl

26、e D. a little答案：C典型例题2He has _ friends. He often plays with them.A. few B. a few C. little D. a little答案：B典型例题3He has_ friends. He is always alone.A. few B. a few C. little D. a little答案：A考点7：many 和much 的用法：many表示许多，指可数的事物，只能与可数名词复数搭配；much表示许多，指不可数的事物，只能与不可数名词搭配。典型例题1Would you like to have a look at

27、 my stamps? I have _.A. much B. many C. little D. a little答案：B典型例题2He doesnt know _ about this company.A. much B. many C. little D. a little 答案：A典型例题3Here are so_ oranges. May I have_?A. much, some B. many, few C. many, some D. few, some答案：C考点8：some-, any-, every-和no-可以分别和-thing, -body, -one构成合成不定代词

28、，下面以-thing为例：something表示某事，用于肯定句；anything 表示某事，用于否定句和一般疑问句；表示任何事时，可用于肯定句；everything表示一切事；nothing表示没什么。典型例题1I have _ to tell you.A. something B. anything C. everything D. any答案：A典型例题2Do you have_ to say?A. something B. anything C. everything D. some答案：B典型例题3_ is OK with me.A. Something B. Anything C.

29、 Everything D. Some答案：C注意：修饰合成不定代词的定语要放在它们后面。Something terrible happened during our trip to that mountain. 3、 综合练习( ) 1. The weather in Guangzhou is hotter than _ in Shenyang. A. that B. it C. this D. one( ) 2. Mr. Green is our English teacher. _comes from the USA. A. He B. She C. It D. They( ) 3. M

30、y bike is broken. May I borrow_? A. you B. yourself C. yours D. your( ) 4. Would you like some tea? Yes, just_. A. a few B. few C. a little D. little bit( ) 5. Would you like some tea or coffee? _. Thanks, Ive had enough. A. Either B. Neither C. Some D. Both( ) 6. I bought _ exercise books with _ mo

31、ney. A. a few, a few B. a few, a little C. a little, a fewD. a little, a little( ) 7. I made the cake by _. Help _, Tom. A. ourselves, yourself B. myself, yourselfC. myself, you D. me, him( ) 8. Enjoy_, Mark and Mary. A. yourselfB. myself C. yourselves D. themselves( ) 9. _ house is this? Its mine.

32、A. WhatB. Who C. Whose D. Whose( ) 10. She is a student and _ name is Mary. A. sheB. her C. hers D. his( ) 11. She will go skating and I will do _. A. such B. same C. the same as D. the same( ) 12. _ is he? He is a bus driver. A. WhoB. Which C. That D. What( ) 13. _ hat is this? Its _. A. Whose, meB

33、. Who, mine C. Whom, his D. Whose, mine( ) 14. The population of China is larger than _ of Japan. A. oneB. it C. that D. those( ) 15. Lily is more clever than _ in his class. A. anybodyB. anyone else C. else anyone D. somebody else( ) 16. _ like music. A. Both of themB. Both of they C. The both girl

34、s D. Both them( ) 17. Could you give me some ink? Sorry, I have_ in my bottle. A. a fewB. few C. a little D. little( ) 18. He has _ to tell us. A. something important B. important something C. anything useful D. useful nothing( ) 19. Would you like _ coffee? Yes, Id like _. A. any, anyB. some, some

35、C. some, any D. any, some( ) 20. _ of the teachers are excellent in our school. A. EveryB. Each C. Either D. All( ) 21. Of the three foreigners, one is from London and _ are from the USA. A. two othersB. the other two C. another two D. the both( ) 22. Which would you like, tea or coffee? I dont mind

36、. _ is OK. A. EitherB. Neither C. Any D. Both( ) 23. Help _ to some chicken, boys and girls. A. youB. yours C. yourself D. yourselves( ) 24. -What do you usually have for breakfast? -_ milk and _ eggs. A. Little, a littleB. A few, few C. A little, a few D. A few, a little( ) 25. Who taught _ history

37、 last year? Nobody! He learned it _. A. him, himselfB. his, himself C. himself, himself D. his, him( ) 26. There isnt _ paper here. Will you go and get _for me? A. any, anyB. any, some C. much, many D. many, much( ) 27. The farmer is busy because he has so _ sheep to keep and so _ work to do. A. much, manyB. many, much C. many, a lot D. a lot, much( ) 28. On _ sides of the river. Therere many tall trees. A. every