(完整word版)人教版英语八年级下unit2讲解与练习(2).pdf

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1、Unit 2 Ill help to clean up the city parks.Section A1.You should help to clean up the city parks.Clean up 意为“彻底打扫；清除”，是“动词+副词”结构的短语动词，后面跟名词作宾格时，名词放在up 前后均可，后面跟代词作宾格时，代词应当放在up 前面。e.g.He often helps parents clean up the rooms on weekends.2.The girl could visit the sick kids in the hospital to cheer th

2、em up.Cheer up 意为“变得更高兴，振奋起来”，是“动词+副词”结构的短语，cheer up 既可以作及物动词短语，也可以作不及物动词短语e.g.He cheered up at once when I agreed to help him.Cheer up!The news isn t too bad.He took her to the cinema to cheer her up.【拓展】1）cheer 作不及物动词，意为“欢呼；喝彩”e.g.The girls cheered as the famous singer arrived.2)cheer 作及物动词，意为“为欢呼

3、，高呼”e.g.The whole village turned out to cheer the hero3)cheer 作可数名词，意为“欢呼声，喝彩声”e.g.We can hear the cheers of students outside the gym.4)cheer on 意为“为加油”e.g.We will have a basketball game this afternoon.Would you like to come and cheer us on？【现学现练】He failed in the math test and looks sad.Let s _A.put

4、 him up B.set him up C.cheer him up D.clean him up3.The boy could give out food at the food bank.Give out 意为“散发，分发”，相当于“hand out”，是“动词+副词”的短语动词e.g.Can you give out the drinks out,please?【拓展】Give out 的不同含义：1）give out 表示“发出（光、热、声音、气味等）e.g.The sun gives out light and heat to the earth.2)give out 表示“用完，

5、耗尽”e.g.Our food supplies began to give out.4.The girl could volunteer in an after-school study program to teach kids.Volunteer 动词，意为“志愿做，义务做”，后可跟名词、代词或动词不定式作宾语e.g.Jenny volunteered to clean up the room after party.【拓展】Volunteer 作可数名词，意为“志愿者”e.g.Can I have a volunteer to collect the glasses?5.We can

6、t put off making a planPut off 意为“推迟”，是“动词+副词”的短语动词，其后可跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语e.g.They put off the match because of the heavy rain.Please don t put off doing your homework.精品资料-欢迎下载-欢迎下载 名师归纳-第 1 页，共 8 页 -Never put off till tomorrow what you can do today.【拓展】由 put 构成的常见短语有：Put away 将收起来put on 穿上；上演put down 放下

7、；记下Put out 熄灭；伸出put back 放回原处put up 张贴；搭建6.Let s make some notices,tooNotice 此处作可数名词，意为“公告牌；通告；布告”e.g.There is a notice on the wall,saying“No Parking”I ll put up a notice about the meeting.【拓展】1）notice 作不可数名词，意为“注意”e.g.Take notice of what they say.2)notice 作动词，意为“注意到，留心，看到”e.g.Did you notice Jack co

8、me in?7.They told me stories about the past and how things used to beUsed to 意为“过去，曾经”，后跟动词原形，表示“过去常常做某事”，指表示过去和现在的对比，暗指现在已经不存在的动作或状态e.g.He used to work in the hospital.He didn t use to walk after supper.【拓展】1)be used to do sth.意为“被用于做某事”，不定式表目的e.g.The book is used to teach us how to write.2)be used

9、 for+n./v.ing 表示“被用于”e.g.A stamp is used for sending letters.3)get/be used to doing sth.e.g.He is used to eating out all the time.8.Yeah,a lot of old people are lonely.Lonely 是形容词，充当表语，指“孤独的”，用于人时，表示一种心理状态，突出内心孤独寂寞的感觉，侧重缺少同伴友谊而感到孤独、寂寞。含忧郁之意。e.g.He felt very lonely without his friends.9.give up sever

10、al hours each week to help others.Several 作形容词，意为“几个，数个”，修饰可数名词复数e.g.Several days later,Grandma came to the library to borrow some books.【拓展】Several 作代词，意为“几个，数个”e.g.Excuse me,have you got any books about sports?-Yes,we ve got several.Several of us went there.10.I get such a strong feeling of satisf

11、action when I see the animal get better and the look of joy on their owner s faces.1)Feeling 在此用作可数名词，意为“感觉；感触”e.g.I ve got a bad feeling.It was a great feeling when a wild animal shows you affection.Feel 还可用作连系动词，意为“觉得，感觉到”e.g.I felt very tired after running.精品资料-欢迎下载-欢迎下载 名师归纳-第 2 页，共 8 页 -文档编码:CU

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17、F9E2K6G1T4文档编码:CU1Z7B5C5K5 HA1C6X3K4N10 ZF9E2K6G1T4文档编码:CU1Z7B5C5K5 HA1C6X3K4N10 ZF9E2K6G1T4文档编码:CU1Z7B5C5K5 HA1C6X3K4N10 ZF9E2K6G1T4文档编码:CU1Z7B5C5K5 HA1C6X3K4N10 ZF9E2K6G1T4文档编码:CU1Z7B5C5K5 HA1C6X3K4N10 ZF9E2K6G1T4文档编码:CU1Z7B5C5K5 HA1C6X3K4N10 ZF9E2K6G1T4文档编码:CU1Z7B5C5K5 HA1C6X3K4N10 ZF9E2K6G1T4文档编

18、码:CU1Z7B5C5K5 HA1C6X3K4N10 ZF9E2K6G1T4文档编码:CU1Z7B5C5K5 HA1C6X3K4N10 ZF9E2K6G1T4文档编码:CU1Z7B5C5K5 HA1C6X3K4N10 ZF9E2K6G1T4文档编码:CU1Z7B5C5K5 HA1C6X3K4N10 ZF9E2K6G1T42)satisfaction 为不可数名词，意为“满意，满足”，其反义词是dissatisfaction.e.g.She smiled in satisfaction.【拓展】Satisfaction（名词，满意）-satisfy（动词，使满意）-satisfied（形容词，满

19、意的）1)be satisfied to do sth.意为“对做某事感到满意”e.g.He was satisfied to win the match.2)be satisfied with 意为“对感到满意”e.g.She was not satisfied with the result.3)joy 在此用作不可数名词，意为“高兴；愉快”e.g.Life is always full of joy.He jumped up with joy.4)owner 可数名词，意为“物主，主人”e.g.He is the owner of the car.【拓展】1)own 形容词，意为“自己的

20、”，一般用于形容词性物主代词或名词所有格之后以加强语气。e.g.I saw it with my own eyes.2)own 及物动词，意为“有；拥有”，相当于 have.e.g.He owns a big house.3)of ones own.意为“属于某人自己的”e.g.At last Ive got a big house of my own.11.The kids are sitting in the library,but you can see in their eyes that they re going on a different journey with each n

21、ew book.Journey 意为“旅行；行程”，可数名词，一般指长途旅行e.g.Life is a long journey from birth to death.12.Our class is trying to come up with some ideas to cheer up sick children because they are often sad.Sick 形容词，意为“生病的；有病的”，其反义词为well.e.g.His sister was sick with a cold.Sick 作形容词时，还可表示“（想）呕吐的，恶心的”e.g.I always feel

22、sick when I travel by ship.The smell makes him sick.【拓展】Sick 与 ill 的辨析：Sick 指“生病”时主要用于英式英语，可作定语也可作表语，表示“恶心；呕吐”时只用作表语e.g.He is a sick man.He began to feel sick as soon as the ship started to move.Ill 指“生病”时，主要用于美式英语，只用作表语，一般不作定语e.g.He is ill and stays in bed.13.For example,we can make plans to visit

23、sick children in the hospital or raise money for homeless people.Raise 作及物动词，意为“筹集；征集”e.g.They want to raise enough money for building a school.【拓展】raise 的其他用法：1)作及物动词，意为“举起，抬起”e.g.Please raise your hands!2)作及物动词，意为“种植”e.g.Their family raised a lot of corn.3)作及物动词，意为“饲养，供养”精品资料-欢迎下载-欢迎下载 名师归纳-第 3 页，

24、共 8 页 -文档编码:CU1Z7B5C5K5 HA1C6X3K4N10 ZF9E2K6G1T4文档编码:CU1Z7B5C5K5 HA1C6X3K4N10 ZF9E2K6G1T4文档编码:CU1Z7B5C5K5 HA1C6X3K4N10 ZF9E2K6G1T4文档编码:CU1Z7B5C5K5 HA1C6X3K4N10 ZF9E2K6G1T4文档编码:CU1Z7B5C5K5 HA1C6X3K4N10 ZF9E2K6G1T4文档编码:CU1Z7B5C5K5 HA1C6X3K4N10 ZF9E2K6G1T4文档编码:CU1Z7B5C5K5 HA1C6X3K4N10 ZF9E2K6G1T4文档编码:C

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28、:CU1Z7B5C5K5 HA1C6X3K4N10 ZF9E2K6G1T4文档编码:CU1Z7B5C5K5 HA1C6X3K4N10 ZF9E2K6G1T4文档编码:CU1Z7B5C5K5 HA1C6X3K4N10 ZF9E2K6G1T4文档编码:CU1Z7B5C5K5 HA1C6X3K4N10 ZF9E2K6G1T4文档编码:CU1Z7B5C5K5 HA1C6X3K4N10 ZF9E2K6G1T4文档编码:CU1Z7B5C5K5 HA1C6X3K4N10 ZF9E2K6G1T4文档编码:CU1Z7B5C5K5 HA1C6X3K4N10 ZF9E2K6G1T4文档编码:CU1Z7B5C5K5

29、HA1C6X3K4N10 ZF9E2K6G1T4文档编码:CU1Z7B5C5K5 HA1C6X3K4N10 ZF9E2K6G1T4文档编码:CU1Z7B5C5K5 HA1C6X3K4N10 ZF9E2K6G1T4文档编码:CU1Z7B5C5K5 HA1C6X3K4N10 ZF9E2K6G1T4文档编码:CU1Z7B5C5K5 HA1C6X3K4N10 ZF9E2K6G1T4文档编码:CU1Z7B5C5K5 HA1C6X3K4N10 ZF9E2K6G1T4文档编码:CU1Z7B5C5K5 HA1C6X3K4N10 ZF9E2K6G1T4文档编码:CU1Z7B5C5K5 HA1C6X3K4N10

30、ZF9E2K6G1T4文档编码:CU1Z7B5C5K5 HA1C6X3K4N10 ZF9E2K6G1T4文档编码:CU1Z7B5C5K5 HA1C6X3K4N10 ZF9E2K6G1T4文档编码:CU1Z7B5C5K5 HA1C6X3K4N10 ZF9E2K6G1T4文档编码:CU1Z7B5C5K5 HA1C6X3K4N10 ZF9E2K6G1T4e.g.She likes to raise a dog.14.I want to travel alone.Alone 作副词，意为“单独地；独自地”e.g.He likes living alone.1)alone 作副词，用在名词或代词之后，意

31、为“只有；仅仅”e.g.He alone understands me.2)alone 作形容词，意为“独自的；单独的”e.g.She was alone in the dark room.【拓展】Alone 与 lonely 辨析Alone 表示“单独的；肚子的”，指一个人或事物与其他的人或事物分开，不含感情色彩。e.g.He is alone in the classroomLonely 表示“孤独的，寂寞的”，指人时含有浓重的感情色彩，即因缺少朋友、同情、亲情而产生的一种孤独、悲伤和忧郁的感情。e.g.She has few friends here and feels lonely.S

32、ection B1.I ve run out of it.Run out of 是“动词+副词+介词”的短语，of 后接宾语，主语通常是表示“人”的名词，也可用于某种能消耗物品的机器等，意为“用完了”e.g.I ve run out of paper.【拓展】1)run out of 可表示“从跑出来”的意思e.g.The dog run out of the room.2)run out 是“动词+副词”结构的不及物动词短语，意为“用完，用尽”，主语通常是表示“时间、金钱”等无生命的东西。e.g.All the money ran out by me.3)sth.run out 表示“某物用

33、尽了，用完了”e.g.Our food will soon run out.2.I take after my mother.Take after 意为“像；与 相像”，指由于血缘关系而在外貌、性格等方面相似，相当于be similar to，其中 after 是介词，其后常接名词或代词e.g.Your daughter doesn t take after you at all.【拓展】1)look like 意为“看上去像”，多指外貌e.g.You look like my brother.2)be like 意为“像”，可指外貌，也可指性格e.g.What is your sister

34、like?3.I repaired it.Repair 及物动词，意为“修理，修补，修缮（房屋）”e.g.He repairs old furniture.辨析：repair,mend 与 fix1)repair 比 fix 和 mend 更正式，常用于表示修补破损或有洞的东西e.g.Mary repaired the radio just for the fun of it.2)mend 着重修补衣服上的洞、道路、屋顶或围栏等e.g.My mother mended clothes for me yesterday.精品资料-欢迎下载-欢迎下载 名师归纳-第 4 页，共 8 页 -文档编码:

35、CU1Z7B5C5K5 HA1C6X3K4N10 ZF9E2K6G1T4文档编码:CU1Z7B5C5K5 HA1C6X3K4N10 ZF9E2K6G1T4文档编码:CU1Z7B5C5K5 HA1C6X3K4N10 ZF9E2K6G1T4文档编码:CU1Z7B5C5K5 HA1C6X3K4N10 ZF9E2K6G1T4文档编码:CU1Z7B5C5K5 HA1C6X3K4N10 ZF9E2K6G1T4文档编码:CU1Z7B5C5K5 HA1C6X3K4N10 ZF9E2K6G1T4文档编码:CU1Z7B5C5K5 HA1C6X3K4N10 ZF9E2K6G1T4文档编码:CU1Z7B5C5K5 H

36、A1C6X3K4N10 ZF9E2K6G1T4文档编码:CU1Z7B5C5K5 HA1C6X3K4N10 ZF9E2K6G1T4文档编码:CU1Z7B5C5K5 HA1C6X3K4N10 ZF9E2K6G1T4文档编码:CU1Z7B5C5K5 HA1C6X3K4N10 ZF9E2K6G1T4文档编码:CU1Z7B5C5K5 HA1C6X3K4N10 ZF9E2K6G1T4文档编码:CU1Z7B5C5K5 HA1C6X3K4N10 ZF9E2K6G1T4文档编码:CU1Z7B5C5K5 HA1C6X3K4N10 ZF9E2K6G1T4文档编码:CU1Z7B5C5K5 HA1C6X3K4N10 Z

37、F9E2K6G1T4文档编码:CU1Z7B5C5K5 HA1C6X3K4N10 ZF9E2K6G1T4文档编码:CU1Z7B5C5K5 HA1C6X3K4N10 ZF9E2K6G1T4文档编码:CU1Z7B5C5K5 HA1C6X3K4N10 ZF9E2K6G1T4文档编码:CU1Z7B5C5K5 HA1C6X3K4N10 ZF9E2K6G1T4文档编码:CU1Z7B5C5K5 HA1C6X3K4N10 ZF9E2K6G1T4文档编码:CU1Z7B5C5K5 HA1C6X3K4N10 ZF9E2K6G1T4文档编码:CU1Z7B5C5K5 HA1C6X3K4N10 ZF9E2K6G1T4文档编

38、码:CU1Z7B5C5K5 HA1C6X3K4N10 ZF9E2K6G1T4文档编码:CU1Z7B5C5K5 HA1C6X3K4N10 ZF9E2K6G1T4文档编码:CU1Z7B5C5K5 HA1C6X3K4N10 ZF9E2K6G1T4文档编码:CU1Z7B5C5K5 HA1C6X3K4N10 ZF9E2K6G1T4文档编码:CU1Z7B5C5K5 HA1C6X3K4N10 ZF9E2K6G1T4文档编码:CU1Z7B5C5K5 HA1C6X3K4N10 ZF9E2K6G1T4文档编码:CU1Z7B5C5K5 HA1C6X3K4N10 ZF9E2K6G1T4文档编码:CU1Z7B5C5K5

39、 HA1C6X3K4N10 ZF9E2K6G1T4文档编码:CU1Z7B5C5K5 HA1C6X3K4N10 ZF9E2K6G1T4文档编码:CU1Z7B5C5K5 HA1C6X3K4N10 ZF9E2K6G1T4文档编码:CU1Z7B5C5K5 HA1C6X3K4N10 ZF9E2K6G1T4文档编码:CU1Z7B5C5K5 HA1C6X3K4N10 ZF9E2K6G1T4文档编码:CU1Z7B5C5K5 HA1C6X3K4N10 ZF9E2K6G1T4文档编码:CU1Z7B5C5K5 HA1C6X3K4N10 ZF9E2K6G1T4文档编码:CU1Z7B5C5K5 HA1C6X3K4N10

40、 ZF9E2K6G1T4文档编码:CU1Z7B5C5K5 HA1C6X3K4N10 ZF9E2K6G1T4文档编码:CU1Z7B5C5K5 HA1C6X3K4N10 ZF9E2K6G1T4文档编码:CU1Z7B5C5K5 HA1C6X3K4N10 ZF9E2K6G1T4文档编码:CU1Z7B5C5K5 HA1C6X3K4N10 ZF9E2K6G1T4文档编码:CU1Z7B5C5K5 HA1C6X3K4N10 ZF9E2K6G1T4文档编码:CU1Z7B5C5K5 HA1C6X3K4N10 ZF9E2K6G1T4文档编码:CU1Z7B5C5K5 HA1C6X3K4N10 ZF9E2K6G1T4文

41、档编码:CU1Z7B5C5K5 HA1C6X3K4N10 ZF9E2K6G1T4文档编码:CU1Z7B5C5K5 HA1C6X3K4N10 ZF9E2K6G1T4文档编码:CU1Z7B5C5K5 HA1C6X3K4N10 ZF9E2K6G1T4文档编码:CU1Z7B5C5K5 HA1C6X3K4N10 ZF9E2K6G1T43)fix 侧重于“安装”，有时也用作“修理”，常用于指修理机器、车辆等e.g.The workers are fixing the machine.4.I m similar to her.1)similar 形容词，意为“相似的；相仿的”e.g.My best frie

42、nd and I have similar hobbies.2)be similar to 意为“与 相似/相仿”e.g.My new dress is similar to yours.【拓展】Be similar in sth.意为“在某方面相似/相仿”e.g.The two buildings are similar in style.5.Who wrote the letter to Miss Li?1)letter 可数名词，“信，函”e.g.Tom,here is a letter for you.2)write the letter to sb.相当于 write to sb.意

43、为“给某人写信”e.g.I am writing the letter to my friendDo you often write to your friends?【拓展】1)receive a letter from sb.与 hear from sb.同义，意为“收到某人的来信”e.g.I often hear from my friends.2)letter 作可数名词，表示“字母”的意思e.g.Write down these letters,please.6.I m sure you know that this group was set up to help disabled

44、people like me.Disabled 形容词，意为“丧失能力的，有残疾的”，它是动词disable（使 丧失能力）加后缀ed 构成的e.g.We should help disabled people.It s important to make fun of a disabled man.7.Lucky makes a big difference to my life.Make a difference to 意为“对产生影响”，difference 前面可加修饰词，如big,great 等，to 是介词，其后可接名词、代词或动名词e.g.Education can make a

45、 big difference to the quality of a person s life.The accident has made a great difference to his life.【拓展】Make no difference 意为“对 没有影响”e.g.It makes no difference to me.8.Or imagine you can t walk or use your hands easily.Imagine 动词，意为“想象，设想”，其后接名词、代词、动名词或宾语从句e.g.Can you imagine life on the moon?I c

46、an hardly imagine Peter sailing across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.9/Most people would never think about this,but many people have these difficulities.Difficulity作名词，意为“困难；难题”，其形容词为difficult，意为“困难的”【拓展】1)Difficulty表示抽象意义上的“困难”时，是不可数名词e.g.Bad planning will lead to difficulty later.2)have difficul

47、ty in doing sth.表示“在做某事方面有困难”e.g.I had great difficulty(in)doing the work.精品资料-欢迎下载-欢迎下载 名师归纳-第 5 页，共 8 页 -文档编码:CU1Z7B5C5K5 HA1C6X3K4N10 ZF9E2K6G1T4文档编码:CU1Z7B5C5K5 HA1C6X3K4N10 ZF9E2K6G1T4文档编码:CU1Z7B5C5K5 HA1C6X3K4N10 ZF9E2K6G1T4文档编码:CU1Z7B5C5K5 HA1C6X3K4N10 ZF9E2K6G1T4文档编码:CU1Z7B5C5K5 HA1C6X3K4N10

48、 ZF9E2K6G1T4文档编码:CU1Z7B5C5K5 HA1C6X3K4N10 ZF9E2K6G1T4文档编码:CU1Z7B5C5K5 HA1C6X3K4N10 ZF9E2K6G1T4文档编码:CU1Z7B5C5K5 HA1C6X3K4N10 ZF9E2K6G1T4文档编码:CU1Z7B5C5K5 HA1C6X3K4N10 ZF9E2K6G1T4文档编码:CU1Z7B5C5K5 HA1C6X3K4N10 ZF9E2K6G1T4文档编码:CU1Z7B5C5K5 HA1C6X3K4N10 ZF9E2K6G1T4文档编码:CU1Z7B5C5K5 HA1C6X3K4N10 ZF9E2K6G1T4文

49、档编码:CU1Z7B5C5K5 HA1C6X3K4N10 ZF9E2K6G1T4文档编码:CU1Z7B5C5K5 HA1C6X3K4N10 ZF9E2K6G1T4文档编码:CU1Z7B5C5K5 HA1C6X3K4N10 ZF9E2K6G1T4文档编码:CU1Z7B5C5K5 HA1C6X3K4N10 ZF9E2K6G1T4文档编码:CU1Z7B5C5K5 HA1C6X3K4N10 ZF9E2K6G1T4文档编码:CU1Z7B5C5K5 HA1C6X3K4N10 ZF9E2K6G1T4文档编码:CU1Z7B5C5K5 HA1C6X3K4N10 ZF9E2K6G1T4文档编码:CU1Z7B5C5

50、K5 HA1C6X3K4N10 ZF9E2K6G1T4文档编码:CU1Z7B5C5K5 HA1C6X3K4N10 ZF9E2K6G1T4文档编码:CU1Z7B5C5K5 HA1C6X3K4N10 ZF9E2K6G1T4文档编码:CU1Z7B5C5K5 HA1C6X3K4N10 ZF9E2K6G1T4文档编码:CU1Z7B5C5K5 HA1C6X3K4N10 ZF9E2K6G1T4文档编码:CU1Z7B5C5K5 HA1C6X3K4N10 ZF9E2K6G1T4文档编码:CU1Z7B5C5K5 HA1C6X3K4N10 ZF9E2K6G1T4文档编码:CU1Z7B5C5K5 HA1C6X3K4N