(完整word版)兰州大学2007年考博英语试题.pdf

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1、兰州大学2007 年考博英语试题注意：答案请一律写在答题纸上，写在试题上无效。Part One Structure and Vocabulary(40%)Directions：In this part there are two sections In Section One,you are to choose from the four choices under each sentence the one which is similar in meaning to the underlined part of the sentence.And in Section Two,you are

2、 to choose the one that can beat complete the sentence in question.Section I 1.An important function of early stone took was to extract highly nutritious food from large animal carcasses A.destroy B.identify C.remove D.compare 2 Regional planning deals with proposals concerning outlying communities

3、and highways as well as with urban affairs A.outlandish B.remote C exempted D.exclusive 3.Potash and soda are not interchangeable for all purposes,but for glass-or soap-making cither would do.A.advantageous B.convenient C.identifiable D.equivalent 4.With the dawn of space exploration,the notion that

4、 atmospheric conditions on Earth may be unique in the system was strengthened A.continuation B.beginning C.expansion D.outcome 5.When the glaciers thawed after the last ice age%the five Great Lakes of North America were formed A.melted B.advanced C evaporated D.exploded 6.New York is a shoppers para

5、dise whether one wants to spend large sums of money in elegant department stores or rifle though goods displayed on street barrows A.a fortune B.a dime C.much D.quite lot 7.During the rainy season the Mississippi River may carry away hundreds of acres of valuable topsoil from one area and arbitraril

6、y deposit it in another.A.lawfully B.subsequently C.randomly D.mercilessly 精品资料-欢迎下载-欢迎下载 名师归纳-第 1 页，共 6 页 -8.Over six million citizens of the United States collect benefits from private pension plans each year.A.nongovernmental B.unauthorized C.confidential D.nontransferable 9.Of the thousands of k

7、nown volcanoes in the world,the overwhelming majority are Dormant A.uncharted B.unpredictable C.minor D.inactive 10.The lymphatic system includes a network of tiny capillaries that lie adjacent to the fine blood vessels.A.independent of B.near C.obscured by D.within 11.One of Californias most acute

8、problems is an inadequate water supply.A.critical B.unusual C.persistent D.unexpected 12.It is estimated that at one time there existed from one to two thousand American Indian languages and at least as many cultures,each different in some respect from all the others.A.prospect B.stages C.aspect D.a

9、ctivity 13.The eardrum,a taut membrane located at the end of the ear canal,separates the outer ear from the inner ear.A lightly tinted B.tightly stretched C.somewhat opaque D.delicately made 14.It was commonly felt that the purchase of Alaska by the United State in 1867 was foolish.A.requiring B.sen

10、ding C.buying D.applying 15.In the Pacific Northwest,as climate and topography vary,so do the species that prevail in the forests.A dominate B.rebuild C.invade D.tend 16.In frogs and toads，the tongue is fixed to the front of the mouth in order to facilitate projecting it at some distance,greatly in

11、aiding in capture of insects.A proscribing B.protruding C.provoking D.protracting 17.Stare twinkle as a result of the turbulent stale of the air through which their light passes.A.in addition to B.in spite of C.because of D.with regard to 18.Most meat-eating animals use their teeth to seize and kill

12、 prey.A.attacker B.nourishment C.enemies D.victims 19.It is ridiculous to become angry about such an insignificant matter,A.absurd B.nourishment C.tragic D.unpardonable 20.How many people are aware that a dancer with New York City Ballet typically 精品资料-欢迎下载-欢迎下载 名师归纳-第 2 页，共 6 页 -文档编码:CQ4G6W9K9Q2 HH

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20、ury _the complex chemistry of metallurgy.A.when scientists began to appreciate B.did scientists begin to appreciate C.scientists who were beginning to appreciate D.the appreciation of scientists began 22.Pewte,_ for eating and drinking utensils in colonial America,is about ninety percent tin with co

21、pper or bismuth added for hardness.A.widely used it C.which widely used B.was widely used D.widely used 23.Lyndon B.Johnson was the only United States President whose oath of office _ by a woman,Judge Sarah Tilghman Hughes.A.was administered C.was accomplished B.being directed D.of administration wa

22、s 24.Protein digestion begins in the stomach _ ends in the small intestine.A.when B.while C.and D.because 25._fee growth of manufacturing and other industries,the economy of the state of Texas has remained heavily dependent on oil and gas.A.As B.Despite C.Though D.In case 26.Probably at about the sa

23、me time speech,_laughter originated too.A.increased B.brought about C.evolved D.resulted 27.The United States Capitol building in Washington D.C,is _in a small park surrounded by a number of impressive government buildings.A.located B-secluded C formed D.spotted 28.In earlier times there were more s

24、heep in the South of New Zealand than in the North;now,_ to cross-bred flocks,the reverse is the case.A.in increase attention B.with increasing attentionC.with attention increasing D.in attention 29.Researchers _ that when people are mentally engaged biochemical changes occur in the brain that allow

25、 it to act more effectively.A.have brought about B.had set up C have established D.had put up 30.Statuses are marvelous human inventions that enables us to get along with one another and _ where we in society.A.to determine B.determine C.to the determination D.by determining 31.If pollution continue

26、s to increase _the present rate,formation of aerosols in the atmosphere will cause the onset of an ice age in about fifty years time.精品资料-欢迎下载-欢迎下载 名师归纳-第 3 页，共 6 页 -文档编码:CQ4G6W9K9Q2 HH7H7T8E5S8 ZQ1X4P7Y10I3文档编码:CQ4G6W9K9Q2 HH7H7T8E5S8 ZQ1X4P7Y10I3文档编码:CQ4G6W9K9Q2 HH7H7T8E5S8 ZQ1X4P7Y10I3文档编码:CQ4G6W

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34、s in society.A.being as more firmly B.as more firmly C.as being more firmly D.as is more firmly 34.By 1872 the United States had 70 engineering colleges,_astonishing expansion credited largely to the Morrill Act of 1862.A was B.because C.to which D.an 35.When used as food additives,antioxidants prev

35、ent fats and oils _rancid when exposed to air,and thus extend their shelf life.A.from becoming B.becoming C.to become D.to becoming 36.Parents should realize that example is better than _”A.statement B.lesson C.proverb D.precept 37.Arabian camels are usually about 7 feet high and generally sandy-col

36、ored,_sometimes they are white,various shades of brown or black.A but that B.though C.however D.therefore 38._they sometimes swim alone,dolphins usually congregate in large groups,often numbering in the hundreds.A.Even B.Why C.Although D.Nevertheless 39._in the desert is mainly due to the limited su

37、pply of desert water.A Plants are widely spaced B.The wide spacing of plants C.The spacing of plants is wide D.Plants to be spaced widely 40.Faults in the Earths crust are most evident in sedimentary formations,_interrupt previously continuous layers.A.by which B.which it C.where they D.thus it Part

38、 Two Translation Section I(From English into Chinese)Directions:Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined sentences into Chinese.(20%)(1)Drr.Claude Shannon of Bell Telephone Laboratories,and his colleague,E.F.Moore,once built a machine to play the game known as Hex,using

39、 an analog computer working on electrical voltages.It beat them about 70 per cent of the time.“It frequently surprised its designers by selecting odd-looking moves which,on analysis,proved sound,Shannon comments.(2)Each of these mechanical game-players is said to“learn”because it is soprogrammed tha

40、t it follows the Boolean algebra pattern,discovering by sad 精品资料-欢迎下载-欢迎下载 名师归纳-第 4 页，共 6 页 -文档编码:CQ4G6W9K9Q2 HH7H7T8E5S8 ZQ1X4P7Y10I3文档编码:CQ4G6W9K9Q2 HH7H7T8E5S8 ZQ1X4P7Y10I3文档编码:CQ4G6W9K9Q2 HH7H7T8E5S8 ZQ1X4P7Y10I3文档编码:CQ4G6W9K9Q2 HH7H7T8E5S8 ZQ1X4P7Y10I3文档编码:CQ4G6W9K9Q2 HH7H7T8E5S8 ZQ1X4P7Y10I3文档

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47、esnt work and profiting by mistake.One of Shannons more fantastic triumphs is t he magnetized mouse”which,when placedin a complicated maze consisting of partitions,is supposed to find the one and the only path to the“cheese.”On the first try the mouse will stumble aimlessly aroundrunning into one wa

48、ll after another.Eventually，by repeated try and error,it will locate the cheese.If the mouse is given a second try,it will go straight to the cheese without hitting a single blind alley.It will,do it from any part of the maze.(3)Moreover,if its trainer changes the maze on it by relocating the partit

49、ions,the mouse blunders only where the terrain has become unfamiliar.It can recognize at once positions that have not been changed.Eventually the mouse learns enough to forget all former arrangements and remember only the latest,successful ones.(4)The mouse itself does not think,but it is difficult

50、to argue against the thinking done by the electromagnet and computer that drive the mouse.The device does have the ability to distinguish between right and wrong,and to revise its standards on the basis of its own experience.Probably the clearest difference between man and machine is a quantitative