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(完整word版)python常用函数.pdf

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1、1.map()函数map()是 Python 内置的高阶函数，它接收一个函数 f 和一个 list，并通过把函数f 依次作用在list 的每个元素上，得到一个新的list 并返回。例如，对于 list 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9如果希望把 list 的每个元素都作平方，就可以用map()函数：因此，我们只需要传入函数f(x)=x*x，就可以利用 map()函数完成这个计算：def f(x):return x*x print map(f,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9)输出结果：1,4,9,10,25,36,49,64,81可以用列表替代注意：map()函数不改变原有的list，而是

2、返回一个新的list。利用 map()函数，可以把一个list 转换为另一个list，只需要传入转换函数。由于 list 包含的元素可以是任何类型，因此，map()不仅仅可以处理只包含数值的list，事实上它可以处理包含任意类型的list，只要传入的函数f 可以处理这种数据类型。假设用户输入的英文名字不规范，没有按照首字母大写，后续字母小写的规则，请利用map()函数，把一个 list（包含若干不规范的英文名字）变成一个包含规范英文名字的list：输入：adam,LISA,barT 输出：Adam,Lisa,Bart format_name(s)函数接收一个字符串，并且要返回格式化后的字符串，

3、利用map()函数，就可以输出新的 list。参考代码:def format_name(s):return s0.upper()+s1:.lower()print map(format_name,adam,LISA,barT)2.reduce()函数reduce()函数也是 Python内置的一个高阶函数。reduce()函数接收的参数和map()类似，一个函数 f，一个 list，但行为和map()不同，reduce()传入的函数f 必须接收两个参数，reduce()对 list的每个元素反复调用函数f，并返回最终结果值。例如，编写一个f 函数，接收 x 和 y，返回 x 和 y 的和：de

4、f f(x,y):return x+y 调用 reduce(f,1,3,5,7,9)时，reduce 函数将做如下计算：文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3

5、 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7

6、X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8

7、文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:C

8、Q10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H

9、1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8

10、HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8先计算头两个元素：f(1,3)，结果为 4；再把

11、结果和第3 个元素计算：f(4,5)，结果为 9；再把结果和第4 个元素计算：f(9,7)，结果为 16；再把结果和第5 个元素计算：f(16,9)，结果为 25；由于没有更多的元素了，计算结束，返回结果25。上述计算实际上是对list 的所有元素求和。虽然 Python内置了求和函数sum()，但是，利用 reduce()求和也很简单。reduce()还可以接收第 3 个可选参数，作为计算的初始值。如果把初始值设为100，计算：reduce(f,1,3,5,7,9,100)结果将变为 125，因为第一轮计算是：计算初始值和第一个元素：f(100,1)，结果为 101。Python内置了求和函

12、数sum()，但没有求积的函数，请利用recude()来求积：输入：2,4,5,7,12 输出：2*4*5*7*12的结果reduce()接收的函数 f 需要两个参数，并返回一个结果，以便继续进行下一轮计算。参考代码:def prod(x,y):return x*y print reduce(prod,2,4,5,7,12)3.filter()函数文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O

13、8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:

14、CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1

15、H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8

16、 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L1

17、0M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G

18、3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K

19、7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8filter()函数是 Python 内置的另一个有用的高阶函数，filter()函数接收一个函数 f 和一个 list，这个函数 f 的作用是对每个元素进行判断，返回True 或 False，filter()根据判断结果自动过滤掉不符合条件的元素，返回由符合条件元素组成的新list。例如，要从一个 list 1,4,6,7,9,12,17中删除偶数，保留奇数，首先，要编写一个判断奇数的函数：def is_odd

20、(x):return x%2=1 然后，利用 filter()过滤掉偶数：filter(is_odd,1,4,6,7,9,12,17)结果：1,7,9,17 利用 filter()，可以完成很多有用的功能，例如，删除None 或者空字符串：def is_not_empty(s):return s and len(s.strip()0 filter(is_not_empty,test,None,str,END)结果：test,str,END 注意:s.strip(rm)删除 s 字符串中开头、结尾处的rm 序列的字符。当 rm 为空时，默认删除空白符（包括n,r,t,)，如下：a=123 a.s

21、trip()结果：123 a=tt123rn a.strip()结果：123请利用 filter()过滤出 1100中平方根是整数的数，即结果应该是：文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2

22、Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5

23、L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C

24、5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI

25、7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I

26、3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编

27、码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O81,4,9,16,

28、25,36,49,64,81,100 filter()接收的函数必须判断出一个数的平方根是否是整数，而math.sqrt()返回结果是浮点数。参考代码:import math def is_sqr(x):r=int(math.sqrt(x)return r*r=x print filter(is_sqr,range(1,101)4.自定义排序函数sorted()Python内置的 sorted()函数可对 list 进行排序：sorted(36,5,12,9,21)5,9,12,21,36 但 sorted()也是一个高阶函数，它可以接收一个比较函数来实现自定义排序，比较函数的定义是，传入两个

29、待比较的元素x,y，如果 x 应该排在y 的前面，返回-1，如果x 应该排在y 的后面，返回 1。如果 x 和 y 相等，返回0。因此，如果我们要实现倒序排序，只需要编写一个reversed_cmp函数：def reversed_cmp(x,y):if x y:return-1 if x sorted(36,5,12,9,21,reversed_cmp)36,21,12,9,5 文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M

30、1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3

31、ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X

32、3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文

33、档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ

34、10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1

35、U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 H

36、P5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8sorted()也可以对字符串进行排序，字符串默认按照ASCII 大小来比较：sorted(bob,about,Zoo,Credit)Credit,Zoo,about,bob Zoo 排在about 之前是因为 Z 的 ASCII 码比a 小。对于比较函数 cmp_ignore_case(s1,s2)，要忽略大小写比较，就是先把两个字符串都变成大写（或者都变成小写），再比较。参考代码

37、:def cmp_ignore_case(s1,s2):u1=s1.upper()u2=s2.upper()if u1 u2:return 1 return 0 print sorted(bob,about,Zoo,Credit,cmp_ignore_case)5.返回函数6.Python的函数不但可以返回int、str、list、dict 等数据类型，还可以返回函数！7.例如，定义一个函数f()，我们让它返回一个函数g，可以这样写：8.def f():9.print call f().10.#定义函数g:11.def g():12.print call g().13.#返回函数g:14.re

38、turn g 15.仔细观察上面的函数定义，我们在函数f 内部又定义了一个函数g。由于函数g 也是一个对象，函数名g 就是指向函数g 的变量，所以，最外层函数f 可以返回变量g，也就是函数g 本身。文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI

39、7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I

40、3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编

41、码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10

42、I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2

43、Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5

44、L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C

45、5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O816.调用函数f，我们会得到f 返回的一个函数：17.x=f()#调用 f()18.call f().19.x#变量 x 是 f()返回的函数：20.21.x()#x指向函数，因此可以调用22.call g().#调用 x()就是执行g()函数定义的代码23.请注意区分返回函数和返回值：24.def myabs():25.return abs#返回函数26.def myabs2(x):27.return abs(x)#返回函数调用的结果，返回值是一个数值28.返回函数可以把一些计算延迟执行。例如，如果定义一个普通的求和函数：29.def calc_sum(lst)

46、:30.return sum(lst)31.调用 calc_sum()函数时，将立刻计算并得到结果：32.calc_sum(1,2,3,4)33.10 34.但是，如果返回一个函数，就可以“延迟计算”：35.def calc_sum(lst):36.def lazy_sum():37.return sum(lst)38.return lazy_sum 39.#调用 calc_sum()并没有计算出结果，而是返回函数:40.f=calc_sum(1,2,3,4)41.f 42.43.#对返回的函数进行调用时，才计算出结果:44.f()45.10 文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M

47、1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3

48、ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X

49、3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文

50、档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ10I1H1U2Q8 HP5L10M1C5G3 ZI7K7X3I3O8文档编码:CQ

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