(完整word版)高级英语新编英语教程5课文+翻译unit10.pdf
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1、Unit10 Things:The Throw-away Societyby Alvin Toffler“Barbie,”a twelve-inch plastic teen-ager,is the best known and best-selling doll in history.Since its introduction in 1959,the Barbie doll population of the world has grown to 12,000,000more than the human population of Los Angeles or London or Par
2、is.Little girls adore Barbie because she is highly realistic and eminently dress-upable.Mattel,Inc.,maker of Barbie,also sells a complete wardrobe for her,including clothes for ordinary daytime wear,clothes for formal party wear,clothes for swimming and skiing.十二英寸高的塑料小人“芭比”曾是历史上最著名最畅销的洋娃娃,自从1959 年问
3、世以来,全世界的芭比娃娃的数量增长到1200,0000 人比洛杉矶,伦敦和巴黎任何一个城市的人口还要多。小女孩热衷芭比娃娃是因为他很像真的而且可以任意更换衣服,作为芭比娃娃的生产厂家,Mattel 公司还出售芭比的整体衣柜,包括日常便装,正式晚装,泳装和滑雪衫。Recently Mattel announced a new improved Barbie doll.The new version has a slimmer figure,“real”eyelashes and a twist-and turn waist that makes her more humanoid than ev
4、er.Moreover,Mattel announced that,for the first time,any young lady wishing to purchase a new Barbie would receive a trade-in allowance for her old one.最近 Mattel公司推出一款更高级的芭比娃娃,这个新产品身材更苗条,有仿真睫毛,又可以扭转弯曲的腰肢,所有这些特点使其更加人性化。此外,M 公司还首次宣布,任何一个购买芭比娃娃的女士都可以获得旧芭比娃娃的折价优惠。What Mattel did not announce was that by
5、 trading in her old doll for a technologically improved modes,the little girl of today,citizen of tomorrow s super-industrial world,would learn a fundamental lesson about the new society:that man s relationships with things are increasingly temporary.M 公司所没有宣布的是,通过折旧芭比娃娃来销售新款芭比娃娃,今天的小女孩,明天工业化社会的公民就会
6、得出这样一个对社会的基本认识:人类和物品的关系越来越短暂。The ocean of man-made physical objects that surrounds us is set within a larger ocean of natural objects.But increasingly,it is the technologically produced environment that matters for the individual.The texture of plastic or concrete,the iridescent glisten of an automo
7、bile under a streetlight,the staggering vision of a cityscape seen from the window of a jet these are the intimate realities of his existence.Man-made things enter into and color his consciousness.Their number is expanding with explosive force,both absolutely and relative to the natural environment.
8、This will be even more true in super-industrial society than it is today.我们周围人造物品的海洋外围还有更广阔的自燃物品的海洋。但是这个技术制造的环境逐渐影响着人类。塑料或混凝土结构,街灯下霓虹闪烁的汽车,从飞机窗口俯瞰到的缓慢移动的城市 这些人类的亲密伙伴。人造物品进入并影响了人类意识,其数量急剧增长,无论是就绝对而言还是相对而言。这种现象在将来的超级工业化社会会更加突出。Anti-materialists tend to deride the importance of“things.”Yet things are h
9、ighly significant,not merely because of their functional utility,but also because of their psychological impact.We develop relationships with things.Things affect our sense of foreshortening of our relationships with things accelerates the pace of life.唯心主义者试图否认物品的重要性,但是物品是非常重要的,不仅因为它有实用功能,还因为其对精神的影
10、响,我们发展和物品的关系,物品影响我们对关联和断联的意识。他们在情景结构中的作用,我们和物品关系的缩短加快了生活的节奏。Moreover,our attitudes toward things reflect basic value judgments.Nothing could be more dramatic than the difference between the new breed of little girls who cheerfully turn in their Barbies for the new improved model and those who,like t
11、heir mothers and grandmothers before them,clutch lingeringly and lovingly to the same doll until it disintegrates from sheer age.In this difference lies the contrast between past and future,between societies based on permanence,and the new,fast-forming society based on transience.此外,我们对物品的态度反映了基本的价值
12、评判。有的小女孩兴高采烈的把她们的芭比娃娃换成新款高级的娃娃,有的小女孩象她们的母亲和祖母年少时一样,终日抱着同一个娃娃,形影不离,爱不释手,直到长大后娃娃从生活中消失,没有什么比这更具有戏剧性的对比了。这种不同在于过去和未来的对比,对于永久的社会和新的变幻无常的社会的对比。That man-thing relationships are growing more and more temporary may be illustrated by examining the culture surrounding the little girl who trades in her doll.Th
13、is child soon learns that Barbie dolls are by no means the only physical objects that pass into and out of her young life at a rapid clip.Diapers,bibs,paper napkins,Kleenex,towels,non-returnable soda bottles all are used up quickly in her home and ruthlessly eliminated.Corn muffins come in baking ti
14、ns that are thrown away after one use.Spinach is encased in plastic sacks that can be dropped into a pan of boiling water for heating,and then thrown away.TV dinners are cooked and often served on throw-away trays.Her home is a large processing machine through which objects flow,entering and leaving
15、,at a faster and faster rate of speed.From birth on,she is inextricably embedded in a throw-away culture.观察一下旧芭比换新芭比的小女孩身后的文化就可以看出人类和物品间的关系越来越短暂,这些孩子很快会知道有很多物品以极快的速度进入并离开他们的生活,不只是芭比娃娃。纸尿裤,围裙,纸巾,手绢,非循环使用的苏打汽水瓶所有这些在她家被迅速使用,有的被无情的丢弃。玉米松饼放进一次性的烤罐,菠菜放进塑料袋中,这种塑料袋可以一起放进沸水锅中加热然后丢弃。电视上的烹饪节目也经常使用一次性的碟子。她的家就是一
16、个大型处理机器,通过这个机器,物品以越来越快的速度不断流动,进入又离开,从出生开始,她就被包围在一次性的文化中。The idea of using a product once or for a brief period and then replacing it,runs counter to the grain of societies or individuals steeped in a heritage of poverty.Not long ago Uriel Rone,a market researcher for the French advertising agency Pu
17、blicis,told me:“The French housewife is not used to disposable products.She likes to keep things,even old things,rather than throw-away curtain.We did a marketing study for them and found the resistance too strong.”This resistance,however,is dying all over the developed world.对一次性物品的使用让人想到了粮食问题和祖祖辈辈
18、生活在贫困中的人,不久前,法国广告代理公司P的一位市场调查员U R 告诉我:“法国的家庭主妇并不习惯于使用一次性的产品,她们喜欢把东西留着,即使是旧物品也不会丢。我们代表公司宣传一种一次性的塑料窗帘。我们队她们作市场调查,却发现她们的抵制情绪很强。”这种抵制在其他发达国家越来越少了。Thus a writer,Edward Maze,has pointed out that many Americans visiting Sweden in the early 1950 s were astounded by its cleanliness.“We were almost awed by th
19、e fact that there were no beer and soft drink bottles by the road sides,as,much to our shame,there were in America.But by the 1960 s lo and behold,bottles were suddenly blooming along Swedish highways What happened?Sweden had become a buy,use and throw-away society,following the American pattern.”In
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