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(完整word版)工程流体力学试题及答案1(word文档良心出品).pdf

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1、1 一选择题部分（1）在水力学中，单位质量力是指（答案：c）a、单位面积液体受到的质量力；b、单位体积液体受到的质量力；c、单位质量液体受到的质量力；d、单位重量液体受到的质量力。（2）在平衡液体中，质量力与等压面（答案：d）a、重合；b、平行c、相交；d、正交。（3）液体中某点的绝对压强为100kN/m2，则该点的相对压强为a、1 kN/m2b、2 kN/m2c、5 kN/m2d、10 kN/m2答案：b（4）水力学中的一维流动是指（答案：d）a、恒定流动；b、均匀流动；c、层流运动；d、运动要素只与一个坐标有关的流动。（5）有压管道的管径d 与管流水力半径的比值d/R=（答案：b）a、8

2、；b、4；c、2；d、1。（6）已知液体流动的沿程水力摩擦系数与边壁相对粗糙度和雷诺数Re 都有关，即可以判断该液体流动属于答案：ca、层流区；b、紊流光滑区；c、紊流过渡粗糙区；d、紊流粗糙区（7）突然完全关闭管道末端的阀门，产生直接水击。已知水击波速c=1000m/s，水击压强水头 H=250m，则管道中原来的流速v0为答案：c a、1.54m b、2.0m c、2.45m d、3.22m（8）在明渠中不可以发生的流动是（答案：c）a、恒定均匀流；b、恒定非均匀流；c、非恒定均匀流；d、非恒定非均匀流。（9）在缓坡明渠中不可以发生的流动是（答案：b）。a、均匀缓流；b、均匀急流；c、非均

3、匀缓流；d、非均匀急流。（10）底宽 b=1.5m 的矩形明渠，通过的流量Q=1.5m3/s，已知渠中某处水深h=0.4m，则该处水流的流态为答案：b a、缓流；b、急流；c、临界流；（11）闸孔出流的流量Q 与闸前水头的 H（答案：d）成正比。a、1 次方b、2 次方c、3/2 次方d、1/2 次方（12）渗流研究的对象是（答案：a）的运动规律。a、重力水；b、毛细水；c、气态水；d、薄膜水。（13）测量水槽中某点水流流速的仪器有答案：b a、文丘里计b、毕托管c、测压管d、薄壁堰（14）按重力相似准则设计的水力学模型，长度比尺L=100，模型中水深为0.1 米，则原型中对应点水深为和流量比

4、尺为答案：d a、1 米，Q=1000；b、10 米，Q=100；2 c、1 米，Q=100000；d、10 米，Q=100000。2、判断题：（每小题 2 分）（1）任意受压面上的平均压强等于该受压面形心处的压强。（错误）答案：（2）水流总是从压强大的地方向压强小的地方流动。（）答案：错误（3）水力粗糙管道是表示管道的边壁比较粗糙。（）答案：错误（4）粘滞性是液体产生水头损失的内因。（）答案：正确（5）同样条件下直接水击比间接水击更不安全。（）答案：正确（6）在正坡非棱柱渠道内可以形成均匀流。（）答案：错误（7）矩形断面水力最佳断面的宽深比=2。（）答案：正确（8）断面比能沿流程总是减小的。

5、（）答案：错误（9）在流量和渠道断面形式一定的条件下，跃前水深越大，跃后水深也越大。（）答案：错误（10）渗流达西定律适用的条件是恒定均匀层流渗流，并且无渗透变形。()答案：正确3、填空题：（每小题 2 4 分）（1）牛顿内摩擦定律适用的条件是层流运动和牛顿液体。（2）液体中某点的绝对压强为100kN/m2，则该点的相对压强为2kN/m2，真空度为不存在。（3）只受重力作用，静止液体中的等压面是水平面。（4）实际液体在流动时产生水头损失的两个主要原因是答案：液体存在粘滞性和边界的影响。（5）水流在明渠中的流态为缓流时，其水深hhk，弗汝德数 Fr1。（6）在

6、流量不变的条件下，水跃的跃前水深越小，则水跃的跃后水深越大。（7）根据管道水头损失计算方法的不同，管道可以分为短管和长管。（8）在水击计算中阀门关闭的时间Ts水击相长 Tr的水击，称为直接水击，把 Ts Tr的水击称为间接水击。(9)a2型水面曲线是发生在陡坡坡上的缓流流（指急流或缓流）的水面线，这时弗汝德数Fr 沿程减小（指增大、减小或不变）(10)溢流堰的过堰流量与堰顶水头的3/2 次方成正比。（11）泄水建筑物下游发生远驱水跃时，下游收缩断面水深hc的共轭水深文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1

7、Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7

8、N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H

9、2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9

10、I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2

11、K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH

12、6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7

13、Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A43 hcht(ht为下游河道的水深，填写、符号)答案：填写、符号(12)按重力相似准则设计的溢流坝水力模型，长度比尺L=25，当模型中某点的流速为 v m=o.8m/s，则原型中对应点的流速为vp=4m/s m/s。4、问答题：（每小题 3 4 分）（1）什么是理想液体？为什么要引入理想液体的概念？答案：理想液体是指没有粘滞性的液体。实际液体都具有粘滞性，在液体流动时会引起能量损失，给分析液

14、体运动带来很大困难。为了简化液体运动的讨论，我们引入了理想液体的概念，忽略液体的粘滞性，分析其运动规律，然后再考虑粘滞性影响进行修正，可以得到实际水流的运动规律，用以解决实际工程问题。这是水力学重要的研究方法。（2）“均匀流一定是恒定流”，这种说法是否正确？为什么？答案：这种说法错误的。均匀是相对于空间分布而言，恒定是相对于时间而言。当流量不变通过一变直径管道时，虽然是恒定流，但它不是均匀流。（3）简述尼古拉兹实验中沿程水力摩擦系数的变化规律。答案：通过尼古拉兹实验可以发现：在层流中仅是雷诺数Re 的函数并与 Re 成反比；在层流到紊流过渡区，仅是Re 的函数；在紊流光滑区=f1（Re）；过渡

15、区=f2（Re，）；粗糙区=f3（），紊流粗糙区又称为阻力平方区。（4）为什么舍齐公式只适用于阻力平方区？答案：舍齐公式是根据明渠均匀流的大量观察资料总结的公式，自然界中明渠水流几乎都处于紊流阻力平方区，因此该公式只适用于紊流阻力平方区。（5）流动相似的含义是什么？答案：流动相似包括几何相似、运动相似和动力相似。其中几何相似是前提，动力相似是保证，才能实现流动相似。（6）从力学意义上解释明渠均匀流只能在正坡渠道中产生的原因。答案：均匀流的断面平均流速水头和压强水头沿程不变，但水流运动总要消耗能量，因此从能量方程来分析，只能消耗位能来克服水流阻力。所以均匀流只能产生在正坡渠道中。（7）分析水面曲

16、线时，如何寻找急流和缓流的控制断面？答案：急流的控制断面在上游，因为外界对急流的干扰不能向上游传播；缓流的控制断面在下游，其原因与急流正好相反。（8）在渗流计算中达西定律与杜比公式有何区别？答案：达西定律适用于任一点的渗流流速u=kJ，其适用于恒定均匀层流渗流；而杜比公式是适用于恒定非均匀渐变层流渗流，同一过水断面上各点的渗流流速都相等且等于 v=kJ。5、作图题：（1）定性绘出图示管道（短管）的总水头线和测压管水头线。(5 分)RRiRCvv0=0 文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 Z

17、C7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编

18、码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7

19、 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10

20、 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文

21、档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3

22、Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z

23、10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A44 解：（2）定性绘出图示棱柱形明渠内的水面曲线，并注明曲线名称及流态。(各渠段均充分长，各段糙率相同)(5 分)6、计算题：（1）图示一跨河倒虹吸管，正方形断面面积为A=0.64 m2，长 l=50 m，两个 30。折角、进口和出口的局部水头损失系数分别为1=0.2，2=0.5，3=1.0，沿程水力摩擦系数=0.024，上下游水位差H=3m。求通过的流量Q?（10分）解：按短管计算，取下游水面为基准面，

24、对上下游渠道内的计算断面建立能量方程测压管水头线总水头线v0=0 KKi i1Ki i3KKi i3Ki i2KN1N1N3N3a1b1b2缓流缓流急流文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C

25、3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1

26、Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7

27、N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H

28、2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9

29、I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2

30、K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A45 gvRlhHw2)4(2(5 分)计算方形管道断面的水力半径和局部水头损失系数9.10.15

31、.022.02.0,mAR将参数代入上式计算，可以求解得到/sm,m/s3662.216.4vAQv(5 分)即倒虹吸管内通过的流量为2.662m3/s。（2）从水箱接一橡胶管道及喷嘴(如图)。橡胶管直径D=7.5cm，喷嘴出口直径d=2.0cm。水头 H=5.5 m。由水箱至喷嘴的水头损失hw=0.5m。用压力表测得橡胶管与喷嘴接头处的压强p=4.9N cm2。如用手握住喷嘴，需要多大的水平力R，行近流速v0=0，取动能校正系数和动量校正系数均为1。（15 分）解：以过喷嘴中心的水平面为基准面，列水箱渐变流断面11 和喷嘴出口断面 22 的能量方程Hvg000020 522.(5 分)求得喷

32、嘴出口流速和流量为vg2259 9.mssm3000314.022AvQ(1.5 分)橡胶管道内的流速为sm706.033AQv(1 分)对于喷嘴建立 x 方向的动量方程)(3233xxvvQRAp79.187)(3233vvQApRN(6.5 分)文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C

33、3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1

34、Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7

35、N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H

36、2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9

37、I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2

38、K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A46 水流对喷嘴

39、冲击力为RR即为手握喷嘴所需之力。(1 分)（3）有一梯形渠道，底宽b=10 m，水深 h=3 m，边坡为 1:1，糙率 n=0.014，底坡 i=0.001。如流动在紊流粗糙区，求通过的流量 Q。(9 分)解：计算渠道断面水力要素，过流断面面积Abhmh239m2(1.5 分)湿周49.18122hmbxm(1.5 分)水力半径RAx2 11.m(1 分)舍齐系数s/m90.8012161RnC(2 分)通过的流量Q=AC(R i)0.5=144.93 m3/s(3 分)（4）某矩形断面渠道中筑有一溢流坝。已知渠宽B18m，流量 Q265m3/s，坝下收缩断面处水深hc=1.1m，当坝下游水

40、深 ht=4.7m 时，问：(12分)1）坝下游是否发生水跃？（4 分）2）如发生水跃，属于何种形式的水跃？（4 分）3)是否需要修建消能工？若需要修建消能工，估算消力池深。（4 分）解：1)计算临界水深 hk，判断收缩断面和下游水流流态，q=Q/B=265/18=14.72 m3/sm 81.28.972.143232gqhkm 因为收缩断面水深hc=1.1 m hk为急流，下游水深ht=4.7m hk为缓流，所以溢流坝下游必定发生水跃。2）计算收缩断面处水深hc的共軛水深 hchc)181(232ccghqh)11.18.972.1481(21.1325.81m 因为hcht，该水跃为远驱

41、水跃。3）溢流坝下游发生远驱水跃，需要修建消力池。估算消力池深 d，取水跃淹没系数j 1.05 则池深约为d=jhc-ht=1.055.81 4.7=1.40 m文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3

42、Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z

43、10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A

44、4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3

45、G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z

46、4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4文档编码:CH6H2C3G3Y7 HO7Y9I1Z4Z10 ZC7T2K7N9A4

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