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(完整word版)英语基本构词法.pdf

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1、英语基本构词法英语最基本的构词法（word formation）有三种：派生（derivation）、合成（compounding）和转化（conversion）。利用构词法记忆单词，可以记忆成串，举一反三。.派生法派生词缀和词根结合，或者粘着词根和粘着词根结合构成单词的方法，叫做派生法(derivation)，也称作缀词法。用派生法构成的词叫做派生词（derivative）。派生词的词缀法是英语构词法中最活跃的一种,在英语构词的历史上发挥极其重要的作用。另外,这种构词法也是我们可以发挥能动性借以扩大词汇量的一种构词法。词缀分为前缀和后缀两种。A.前缀1表示“否定”、“相反”意义的前缀：de-

2、decrease减少；decentralize分散；degrade降级，降低的地位；dis-dislike 不喜欢；disagree不同意；distrust 不信任；disappear消失；il-illegal 不合法的；illogical 不合逻辑的；illegalize 宣布为非法；im-impossible 不可能的；immoral 不道德的；impractical 不现实的；un-unwilling 不情愿的；unbelievable 难以置信的；unnecessary 不必要的等等。2表示时间先后的前缀ex-ex-husband前夫；ex-president前总统；fore-fore

3、tell 语言；foresight 先见之明，预见；foresee预见，预知；mid-midterm 其中的；midnight 午夜；post-postwar战后的；postgraduate研究生；postdoctoral博士后的等等。3表示方向位置的前缀ex-export 出口；exclude把排斥在外；external 外部的；in-input 输入；indoor 室内的；inrush 涌入；incoming 进来的等等。4表示程度的前缀extra-extraordinary非凡的，惊人的；extracurricular 课程以外的；out-outnumber比多；outrun 超过，跑得

4、比快；sur-surpass超过，优于；surplus剩余的；surrealism超现实主义等等。5表示数量的前缀bi-bilateral 双边的，两边的；bipartisan两党的；bilingual 两语的；mono-momocycle独轮车；monologue独白；monodrama独角戏，单人剧；poly-polyacid 多酸的；polyclinic 多科联合诊所；polycentric 多中心的等等。6表示方式的前缀anti-antiwar 反战的；antifascist反法西斯的；antisocial反社会的；co-cooperation合作；coexist共存；co-prosp

5、erity共同繁荣；re-reconstruct重建；reform 改革；rewrite 重写等等。7其他常见前缀auto-autobiography自传；autograph亲笔；automat自动售货机；bio-biography传记；biology 生物学；biochemistry 生物化学；bioeffect 生物效应；biological clock 生物钟；biochip 生物芯片；eco-ecocide生态灭绝；eco-car生态汽车；eco-efficient 生态效率；macro-macrobiotic 长寿的；macroclimate大气候；macroeconomics宏观经

6、济学micro-microbiology 微生物学；microbus 小型公共汽车；microfilm 缩微胶卷等等。B.后缀1构成名词的后缀-er thinker 思想家；painkiller 止痛药；cooker 灶具；printer 打印机；dishwasher洗碗机-or actor演员；semiconductor半导体；monitor 监视器；calculator 计算机-ory factory 工厂；dormitory 集体宿舍；laboratory 实验室。-ics economics经济学；physics物理学；acoustics声学-logy sociology 社会学；bi

7、ology 生物学；archaeology考古-ment argument争论；judgment 判断；disappointment失望等等。2构成形容词的后缀-ful faithful 忠实的；meaningful 有意义的；painful 疼痛的；fruitful 富有成效的-able acceptable可以接受的；applicable可适用的-ive active 积极的；decisive决定性的-ant ignorant 无知的；significant 有重要意义的；important 重要的等等。3构成动词的后缀-ate motivate 激发；originate 发源，创造出-

8、en widen 使变宽；strengthen加强文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A

9、6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U

10、7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q

11、7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K

12、4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:

13、CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10

14、W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4-ize normalize 使正常化；modernize使现代化4构成副词的后缀-ly really 真正地；hap

15、pily 幸福地；luckily 幸运地-ward forward 向前；backward向后；westward向西-wise likewise 同样地；otherwise否则；clockwise 顺时针.合成法合成法是把两个或两个以上的单词合成一个新词的构词法。有的可以直接写在一起构成一个新单词，还有的在词与词之间用连字符“-”构成一个新单词，把这个词通常叫做复合词。记住常见的复合词的构成方式是掌握合成法的关键，现就常见的复合词的构成方式分类举例并归纳如下：1.(1)名词+名词：classroom（教室），airport（飞机场），eyesight（视力）,website（网站，网点）等。(

16、2)形容词+名词:deadline（最后期限）,expressway（高速公路）,blackboard（黑板）(3)副词+名词:overburden(过重的负担),underclothes(内衣)等。(4)动词+名词:driveway(车道),breakwater(防浪堤),pickpocket(扒手)等。(5)名词+动词:daybreak(拂晓),haircut,heartbeat,headache,handshake 等。(6)名词+动词的-ing 形式:sightseeing(观光),handwriting 等。2.形容词合成词:(1)名词+形容词:homesick(想家的),seasi

17、ck(晕船的),duty-free(免税的)等。(2)名词+动词-ing 形式:peace-loving(爱好和平的),ocean-going(远洋的),recordbreaking(破纪录的),time-saving(节省时间的)等。(3)名词+动词的过去分词:heartfelt(衷心的),homemade(国产的),poverty-stricken(贫困不堪的)等。(4)副词+现在分词:good-looking,hardworking 等。(5)形容词/副词+过去分词:widespread(广泛传播的),newly-built 等。(6)副词+形容词:all-around(全

18、面发展的),ever-green(常青的)等。(7)形容词+形容词:deaf-mute(又聋又哑的),icy-cold,wet-cold 等。3.动词合成词:如:dumbfound(使?目瞪口呆),uplift(高举),outline(画出?轮廓),overcome 等。文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6

19、J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档

20、编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3

21、P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I

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23、K2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8

24、F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 Z

25、S7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K44.副词合成词:(beforehand 预先),whenever,however,maybe 等。5.代词合成词:如:himself,everyone,nobody,anything 等。.转化法转化法是由一种词类转化为一种或几种词类的构词法，是英语形成新词的重要方法之一。各种词类之间经常互相转化,致使一个词往往可以用作几种词类。在英语的词类转化上,数量最多的当属动词和名词的相互转化。此外,其它词类之间也可相互转化,有一词多义的现象。现就常见的转化分类举例归纳如下：A.名词转化为动词这一类转

26、化最为活跃,既生动,又省力。(一)一些表示人体某部分的名词可做动词用。1.We can t stomach such an insult.我们不能容忍这样的侮辱。2.We must shoulder the responsibilities.我们必须承担责任。(二)一些指人或动物名称的名词可转化为动词,这一类动词表示名词所指的人或动物的典型动作,有很强的隐喻含义。1.They needed men to man this new steamer.他们需要给这艘新船配备人员。2.A t rain is snaking it s way along the slope.一辆火车正沿着山坡蜿蜒而行。

27、这类转化很常见,也很常用。如:brother/sister.视某人为兄弟/姐妹。to nurse young plant s.培育小苗。to monkey.胡闹瞎弄,等等。(三)表示自然现象的名词,如:雨、雾、雷、风、日、月、星等都可以做动词用。如:1.He stormed into the office.他气冲冲地闯入办公室。2.She is to star in a new film.她将在一部新片中担任主角。3.Im a bit fogged.我有点糊涂了。文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6

28、W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7

29、 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7

30、D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4

31、文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:C

32、Z3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W

33、3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10

34、 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4(四)其它常用名词也可转化为动词,这种转化的语义比较复杂。下面是常见的几种类型:(1)把?放入?,使?处于?。这类动词表示“方位”,大多来自指地方、建筑物、容器之类的名词。1.Snow capped the mountains.雪覆盖了山顶。2.We eat all we can and can a

35、ll we can t.我们把能吃的都吃了,吃不了的装罐头。3.The t renches sheltered us f rom enemy gunfire.战壕掩蔽我们,使我们不受大炮袭击。(2)去掉。如:juice n.果汁 v.to juice 从?榨果汁。juice a cow.挤牛奶。dust a room.打扫房间。(3)使?成为?,把?改变?。这类动词表示“结果”。The data can be grouped under three heads.这些资料可以分为三大类。(4)用?来寄?,乘?前往?。mail n.邮件 v.to mail 邮寄。Ship machines f r

36、om Shaghai to Tianjin.B.其它词类转化为动词除名词外,形容词、副词、介词或感叹词都可以转化为动词。(一)形容词转化为动词:这类转化不象名词转化为动词那样活跃。因而,由这类名词转化而来的动词在语义上较为简单,其意义有两种:(1)使得?怎样(及物动词)。(2)变得怎样(不及物动词)。例如:1.He walked carefully so as not to wet his shoes.他小心地走着,免得使鞋子湿了。wet-a.湿的 vt.使鞋湿了。2.The photograph yellowed with ago.由于年代久远,相片变黄了。yellow a.黄色的 vi.变

37、成黄色了。此外,复合形容词如“:形容词+名词”“,名词+名词”经过转化,成为复合词形式的动词。例如:3.He was rotten-egged by the angry crowd.他被愤怒的人群抛了臭蛋。rotten-egg a.臭蛋 v.抛臭蛋。(二)某些副词、介词或感叹词、连词也可能转化为动词,尤以谐声的感叹词转化成动词更能表现生动和强调的意愿。例如:文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7

38、D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4

39、文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:C

40、Z3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W

41、3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10

42、 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6

43、W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7

44、 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4The intellectuals are muched again.知识分子受到重视了。much adv.非常 v.重视、充分利用。.But me no but s.别老是跟我但是、但是了。第一个 But 是动词,第二个 but s 为名词复数。C.动词转化为名词（一)几乎所有单语素的动词都能被用做名词,而这些名词在语义上都以不同方式与原动词有联系,表示原来的动作或状态。这些由动词转化而来的名词又往往和

45、to have,to take,to give 和 to make等动词连用,表示短暂的或一次性的动作。例如:have a look(smoke,swim,t ry,wash);take a walk(ride,glance,rest,shower);在这类短语中,意义的中心移向名词,而动词的意义相对减弱。此外,从语义上看,由动词转化来的名词还可表示:1.一种行为或动作的结果。如:reject v.拒绝、去掉 n.被抛弃的东西,遭拒绝者。catch v.抓住、捕获 n.捕获物。2行为动作的主体。例如:help v.帮助 n.助手;Now the girl is quite a help to

46、her mother。现在这女孩已经能给妈妈当帮手了。3动作的工具。例如:cover v.盖、覆盖 a cover n.盖子、封皮。4动作的地点。如:turn v.转变 a turn n.转变处等。(二)英语中有不少短语动词能转化为名词,这类动词组往往是“动词+副词”。转化为名词后,副词的位置有两种情况:1.原动词在前,副词在后,称为右分支(Right branching)。例如:The car broke down the breakdown ofthe car.The roof caved in the cave-in of the roof.2.副词在前,原动词在后,称为左分支(Left

47、-branching)。The war broke out the outbreak of the war.文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7

48、D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4

49、文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:C

50、Z3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W3I5N10 HK2A6W8F1U7 ZS7Q7D6J5K4文档编码:CZ3P10W

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