0化学是一门以实验为基础的科学.pdf

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1、1/4 课题名称化学以实验为基础教案目标1、蜡烛燃烧探究实验2、探究吸入的空气与呼出的气体教案重难点化学实验探究教学过程知识整理：一、化学是一门以实验为基础的科学1、学习化学的重要途径科学探究一般步骤：提出问题猜想与假设设计实验实验验证记录与结论反思与评价化学学习的特点：关注物质的性质、变化、变化过程及其现象；2、蜡烛探究实验实验步骤实验现象结论和解释点燃前观察组成颜色状态气体用小刀切一块下来放在水中石蜡的硬度，密度比水，溶于水燃烧时观察火焰分层情况分为层，为、用木棒放在火焰中间约一秒钟，观察碳化，颜色变黑温度高用干冷小烧杯罩在火焰上方有水雾蜡烛燃烧产生了烧杯倒过来，倒入澄清的石灰水石灰水变浑

2、浊蜡烛燃烧产生了熄灭时把蜡烛吹灭看到有白烟的成分有可能会是用火柴去点燃白烟蜡烛燃烧时发生了化学变化，生成物是二氧化碳和水。反应可以用文字表达式：二、探究呼出的气体与吸入的空气2/4 1、某校研究性学习小组的同学为了探究呼出的气体与吸入的空气中氧气、二氧化碳和水蒸气的含量是否相同，设计了简单的实验方案，其主要操作步骤如下所示，请完成实验报告。探究内容实验步骤、方法实验现象分析、结论1.用排水集气法收集两瓶呼出的气体2.二氧化碳含量是否相同分别滴入澄清的石灰水，振荡，观察3.氧气含量是否相同分别插入燃着的木条，观察4.水的含量是否相同思路解读：本题考查二氧化碳的检验和基本性质。小结化学学习的特点：

3、典型例题：1、下列实验中（如图），观察不到明显变化的是（）文档编码:CK10L1B8S7A3 HG10K5G7K4I9 ZH10U10T4V4A3文档编码:CK10L1B8S7A3 HG10K5G7K4I9 ZH10U10T4V4A3文档编码:CK10L1B8S7A3 HG10K5G7K4I9 ZH10U10T4V4A3文档编码:CK10L1B8S7A3 HG10K5G7K4I9 ZH10U10T4V4A3文档编码:CK10L1B8S7A3 HG10K5G7K4I9 ZH10U10T4V4A3文档编码:CK10L1B8S7A3 HG10K5G7K4I9 ZH10U10T4V4A3文档编码:CK

4、10L1B8S7A3 HG10K5G7K4I9 ZH10U10T4V4A3文档编码:CK10L1B8S7A3 HG10K5G7K4I9 ZH10U10T4V4A3文档编码:CK10L1B8S7A3 HG10K5G7K4I9 ZH10U10T4V4A3文档编码:CK10L1B8S7A3 HG10K5G7K4I9 ZH10U10T4V4A3文档编码:CK10L1B8S7A3 HG10K5G7K4I9 ZH10U10T4V4A3文档编码:CK10L1B8S7A3 HG10K5G7K4I9 ZH10U10T4V4A3文档编码:CK10L1B8S7A3 HG10K5G7K4I9 ZH10U10T4V4A

5、3文档编码:CK10L1B8S7A3 HG10K5G7K4I9 ZH10U10T4V4A3文档编码:CK10L1B8S7A3 HG10K5G7K4I9 ZH10U10T4V4A3文档编码:CK10L1B8S7A3 HG10K5G7K4I9 ZH10U10T4V4A3文档编码:CK10L1B8S7A3 HG10K5G7K4I9 ZH10U10T4V4A3文档编码:CK10L1B8S7A3 HG10K5G7K4I9 ZH10U10T4V4A3文档编码:CK10L1B8S7A3 HG10K5G7K4I9 ZH10U10T4V4A3文档编码:CK10L1B8S7A3 HG10K5G7K4I9 ZH10

6、U10T4V4A3文档编码:CK10L1B8S7A3 HG10K5G7K4I9 ZH10U10T4V4A3文档编码:CK10L1B8S7A3 HG10K5G7K4I9 ZH10U10T4V4A3文档编码:CK10L1B8S7A3 HG10K5G7K4I9 ZH10U10T4V4A3文档编码:CK10L1B8S7A3 HG10K5G7K4I9 ZH10U10T4V4A3文档编码:CK10L1B8S7A3 HG10K5G7K4I9 ZH10U10T4V4A3文档编码:CK10L1B8S7A3 HG10K5G7K4I9 ZH10U10T4V4A3文档编码:CK10L1B8S7A3 HG10K5G7K

7、4I9 ZH10U10T4V4A3文档编码:CK10L1B8S7A3 HG10K5G7K4I9 ZH10U10T4V4A3文档编码:CK10L1B8S7A3 HG10K5G7K4I9 ZH10U10T4V4A3文档编码:CK10L1B8S7A3 HG10K5G7K4I9 ZH10U10T4V4A3文档编码:CK10L1B8S7A3 HG10K5G7K4I9 ZH10U10T4V4A3文档编码:CK10L1B8S7A3 HG10K5G7K4I9 ZH10U10T4V4A3文档编码:CK10L1B8S7A3 HG10K5G7K4I9 ZH10U10T4V4A3文档编码:CK10L1B8S7A3 H

8、G10K5G7K4I9 ZH10U10T4V4A3文档编码:CK10L1B8S7A3 HG10K5G7K4I9 ZH10U10T4V4A3文档编码:CK10L1B8S7A3 HG10K5G7K4I9 ZH10U10T4V4A3文档编码:CK10L1B8S7A3 HG10K5G7K4I9 ZH10U10T4V4A3文档编码:CK10L1B8S7A3 HG10K5G7K4I9 ZH10U10T4V4A3文档编码:CK10L1B8S7A3 HG10K5G7K4I9 ZH10U10T4V4A3文档编码:CK10L1B8S7A3 HG10K5G7K4I9 ZH10U10T4V4A3文档编码:CK10L1

9、B8S7A3 HG10K5G7K4I9 ZH10U10T4V4A3文档编码:CK10L1B8S7A3 HG10K5G7K4I9 ZH10U10T4V4A3文档编码:CK10L1B8S7A3 HG10K5G7K4I9 ZH10U10T4V4A3文档编码:CK10L1B8S7A3 HG10K5G7K4I9 ZH10U10T4V4A3文档编码:CK10L1B8S7A3 HG10K5G7K4I9 ZH10U10T4V4A3文档编码:CK10L1B8S7A3 HG10K5G7K4I9 ZH10U10T4V4A3文档编码:CK10L1B8S7A3 HG10K5G7K4I9 ZH10U10T4V4A3文档编

10、码:CK10L1B8S7A3 HG10K5G7K4I9 ZH10U10T4V4A33/4 2、青色的生虾煮熟后颜色会变成红色。一些同学认为这种红色物质可能就像酸碱指示剂一样，遇到酸或碱会发生颜色的变化。就这些同学的“看法”而言，应属于科学探究中的（）A观察 B实验 C假设 D做结论3、请根据生活实践经验和已学的化学知识区分下列物质。水和酒精金属铝片和金属铜片4、同学在学习金属钠的性质时，做了以下实验：取一小块金属钠，用小刀切下一块，切面呈银白色将一小块金属钠投入水中，可观察到钠浮在水面上，与水发生剧烈化学反应并放出热量，且熔化成一个闪亮的银白色的小球，并逐渐缩小直至消失请根据上述实验的描述，归

11、纳金属钠有哪些性质。(提示：从色、态、硬度、熔点、密度及能否发生化学反应等方面考虑)5、以下信息可供你解答本题时参考：二氧化碳气体易与氢氧化钠溶液反应而被吸收。人通过肺与外界进行气体交换，吸入空气，排出二氧化碳等气体。人体排出的二氧化碳究竟是空气中原有的，还是人体代谢的最终产物？为了证实这个问题，某同学采用了如图所示装置进行实验，实验过程是：人吸气时，活塞A 打开，活塞B 关闭，乙瓶中澄清石灰水没有出现浑浊；人呼气时，活塞A 关闭，活塞B 打开。将上述操作反复进行。能证明人呼出的气体中所含的二氧化碳不是来自空气，而是人体的代谢终产物。请回答：（1）甲瓶中所装氢氧化钠溶液的作用是，乙瓶中澄清石灰

12、水的作用是_。（2）能证明题中假设（猜想）的现象是_。课堂练习：1、下列描述哪些是物理变化，哪些是化学变化，哪些是物理性质，哪些是化学性质，A、铜绿受热时会分解；B、纯净的水是无色无味的液体；C、镁带在空气中燃烧后变成了氧化镁；D、氧气不易溶于水且比空气密度大；E、木棒受力折断。2、在对蜡烛及其燃烧进行了探究以后，请你填写下列空格：文档编码:CK10L1B8S7A3 HG10K5G7K4I9 ZH10U10T4V4A3文档编码:CK10L1B8S7A3 HG10K5G7K4I9 ZH10U10T4V4A3文档编码:CK10L1B8S7A3 HG10K5G7K4I9 ZH10U10T4V4A3文

13、档编码:CK10L1B8S7A3 HG10K5G7K4I9 ZH10U10T4V4A3文档编码:CK10L1B8S7A3 HG10K5G7K4I9 ZH10U10T4V4A3文档编码:CK10L1B8S7A3 HG10K5G7K4I9 ZH10U10T4V4A3文档编码:CK10L1B8S7A3 HG10K5G7K4I9 ZH10U10T4V4A3文档编码:CK10L1B8S7A3 HG10K5G7K4I9 ZH10U10T4V4A3文档编码:CK10L1B8S7A3 HG10K5G7K4I9 ZH10U10T4V4A3文档编码:CK10L1B8S7A3 HG10K5G7K4I9 ZH10U1

14、0T4V4A3文档编码:CK10L1B8S7A3 HG10K5G7K4I9 ZH10U10T4V4A3文档编码:CK10L1B8S7A3 HG10K5G7K4I9 ZH10U10T4V4A3文档编码:CK10L1B8S7A3 HG10K5G7K4I9 ZH10U10T4V4A3文档编码:CK10L1B8S7A3 HG10K5G7K4I9 ZH10U10T4V4A3文档编码:CK10L1B8S7A3 HG10K5G7K4I9 ZH10U10T4V4A3文档编码:CK10L1B8S7A3 HG10K5G7K4I9 ZH10U10T4V4A3文档编码:CK10L1B8S7A3 HG10K5G7K4I

15、9 ZH10U10T4V4A3文档编码:CK10L1B8S7A3 HG10K5G7K4I9 ZH10U10T4V4A3文档编码:CK10L1B8S7A3 HG10K5G7K4I9 ZH10U10T4V4A3文档编码:CK10L1B8S7A3 HG10K5G7K4I9 ZH10U10T4V4A3文档编码:CK10L1B8S7A3 HG10K5G7K4I9 ZH10U10T4V4A3文档编码:CK10L1B8S7A3 HG10K5G7K4I9 ZH10U10T4V4A3文档编码:CK10L1B8S7A3 HG10K5G7K4I9 ZH10U10T4V4A3文档编码:CK10L1B8S7A3 HG1

16、0K5G7K4I9 ZH10U10T4V4A3文档编码:CK10L1B8S7A3 HG10K5G7K4I9 ZH10U10T4V4A3文档编码:CK10L1B8S7A3 HG10K5G7K4I9 ZH10U10T4V4A3文档编码:CK10L1B8S7A3 HG10K5G7K4I9 ZH10U10T4V4A3文档编码:CK10L1B8S7A3 HG10K5G7K4I9 ZH10U10T4V4A3文档编码:CK10L1B8S7A3 HG10K5G7K4I9 ZH10U10T4V4A3文档编码:CK10L1B8S7A3 HG10K5G7K4I9 ZH10U10T4V4A3文档编码:CK10L1B8

17、S7A3 HG10K5G7K4I9 ZH10U10T4V4A3文档编码:CK10L1B8S7A3 HG10K5G7K4I9 ZH10U10T4V4A3文档编码:CK10L1B8S7A3 HG10K5G7K4I9 ZH10U10T4V4A3文档编码:CK10L1B8S7A3 HG10K5G7K4I9 ZH10U10T4V4A3文档编码:CK10L1B8S7A3 HG10K5G7K4I9 ZH10U10T4V4A3文档编码:CK10L1B8S7A3 HG10K5G7K4I9 ZH10U10T4V4A3文档编码:CK10L1B8S7A3 HG10K5G7K4I9 ZH10U10T4V4A3文档编码:

18、CK10L1B8S7A3 HG10K5G7K4I9 ZH10U10T4V4A3文档编码:CK10L1B8S7A3 HG10K5G7K4I9 ZH10U10T4V4A3文档编码:CK10L1B8S7A3 HG10K5G7K4I9 ZH10U10T4V4A3文档编码:CK10L1B8S7A3 HG10K5G7K4I9 ZH10U10T4V4A3文档编码:CK10L1B8S7A3 HG10K5G7K4I9 ZH10U10T4V4A3文档编码:CK10L1B8S7A3 HG10K5G7K4I9 ZH10U10T4V4A3文档编码:CK10L1B8S7A3 HG10K5G7K4I9 ZH10U10T4V

19、4A3文档编码:CK10L1B8S7A3 HG10K5G7K4I9 ZH10U10T4V4A3文档编码:CK10L1B8S7A3 HG10K5G7K4I9 ZH10U10T4V4A3文档编码:CK10L1B8S7A3 HG10K5G7K4I9 ZH10U10T4V4A3文档编码:CK10L1B8S7A3 HG10K5G7K4I9 ZH10U10T4V4A34/4（1）取一只蜡烛，用小刀切下一小块，把它放入水中，蜡烛会结论：石蜡的密度比水（2）点燃蜡烛，观察到蜡烛火焰分为三层，由外到内分别是、，（3）把一根火柴梗放在蜡烛的火焰上约1s 后取出，可以看到处（填字母）的火柴梗最先碳化结论：蜡烛火焰的

20、温度最高（4）观察到蜡烛燃烧可得出石蜡有性观察到蜡烛燃烧时有蜡油流下可得出石蜡的熔点较3、蜡烛在空气中燃烧，生成的物质是（）A 氧气 B 二氧化碳 C 水 D 二氧化碳和水4、下列 关于石蜡性质的描述中，错误的是（）A.石蜡是无色、无味且硬度较大的固体B.石蜡难溶于水且密度比水小C.石蜡熔点低，受热易熔化成蜡油D.石蜡可燃，燃烧时放热，并有二氧化碳和水生成5、探究活动体现化学学习的哪些特点（）关注物质的性质；关注物质的变化；关注物质的变化过程及其现象；关注物质的价值ABCD6、实验室有一瓶标签残缺的试剂可能是浓盐酸，有同学提出打开瓶塞观察这属于科学探究中的（）A猜想假设B收集证据C设计实验D得

21、出结论7、有两瓶无色气体，已知是空气和二氧化碳，请设计一个实验区分两瓶气体。(写出实验步骤、现象、结论)上课情况：课后需再巩固的内容：文档编码:CK10L1B8S7A3 HG10K5G7K4I9 ZH10U10T4V4A3文档编码:CK10L1B8S7A3 HG10K5G7K4I9 ZH10U10T4V4A3文档编码:CK10L1B8S7A3 HG10K5G7K4I9 ZH10U10T4V4A3文档编码:CK10L1B8S7A3 HG10K5G7K4I9 ZH10U10T4V4A3文档编码:CK10L1B8S7A3 HG10K5G7K4I9 ZH10U10T4V4A3文档编码:CK10L1B8

22、S7A3 HG10K5G7K4I9 ZH10U10T4V4A3文档编码:CK10L1B8S7A3 HG10K5G7K4I9 ZH10U10T4V4A3文档编码:CK10L1B8S7A3 HG10K5G7K4I9 ZH10U10T4V4A3文档编码:CK10L1B8S7A3 HG10K5G7K4I9 ZH10U10T4V4A3文档编码:CK10L1B8S7A3 HG10K5G7K4I9 ZH10U10T4V4A3文档编码:CK10L1B8S7A3 HG10K5G7K4I9 ZH10U10T4V4A3文档编码:CK10L1B8S7A3 HG10K5G7K4I9 ZH10U10T4V4A3文档编码:

23、CK10L1B8S7A3 HG10K5G7K4I9 ZH10U10T4V4A3文档编码:CK10L1B8S7A3 HG10K5G7K4I9 ZH10U10T4V4A3文档编码:CK10L1B8S7A3 HG10K5G7K4I9 ZH10U10T4V4A3文档编码:CK10L1B8S7A3 HG10K5G7K4I9 ZH10U10T4V4A3文档编码:CK10L1B8S7A3 HG10K5G7K4I9 ZH10U10T4V4A3文档编码:CK10L1B8S7A3 HG10K5G7K4I9 ZH10U10T4V4A3文档编码:CK10L1B8S7A3 HG10K5G7K4I9 ZH10U10T4V

24、4A3文档编码:CK10L1B8S7A3 HG10K5G7K4I9 ZH10U10T4V4A3文档编码:CK10L1B8S7A3 HG10K5G7K4I9 ZH10U10T4V4A3文档编码:CK10L1B8S7A3 HG10K5G7K4I9 ZH10U10T4V4A3文档编码:CK10L1B8S7A3 HG10K5G7K4I9 ZH10U10T4V4A3文档编码:CK10L1B8S7A3 HG10K5G7K4I9 ZH10U10T4V4A3文档编码:CK10L1B8S7A3 HG10K5G7K4I9 ZH10U10T4V4A3文档编码:CK10L1B8S7A3 HG10K5G7K4I9 ZH

25、10U10T4V4A3文档编码:CK10L1B8S7A3 HG10K5G7K4I9 ZH10U10T4V4A3文档编码:CK10L1B8S7A3 HG10K5G7K4I9 ZH10U10T4V4A3文档编码:CK10L1B8S7A3 HG10K5G7K4I9 ZH10U10T4V4A3文档编码:CK10L1B8S7A3 HG10K5G7K4I9 ZH10U10T4V4A3文档编码:CK10L1B8S7A3 HG10K5G7K4I9 ZH10U10T4V4A3文档编码:CK10L1B8S7A3 HG10K5G7K4I9 ZH10U10T4V4A3文档编码:CK10L1B8S7A3 HG10K5G

26、7K4I9 ZH10U10T4V4A3文档编码:CK10L1B8S7A3 HG10K5G7K4I9 ZH10U10T4V4A3文档编码:CK10L1B8S7A3 HG10K5G7K4I9 ZH10U10T4V4A3文档编码:CK10L1B8S7A3 HG10K5G7K4I9 ZH10U10T4V4A3文档编码:CK10L1B8S7A3 HG10K5G7K4I9 ZH10U10T4V4A3文档编码:CK10L1B8S7A3 HG10K5G7K4I9 ZH10U10T4V4A3文档编码:CK10L1B8S7A3 HG10K5G7K4I9 ZH10U10T4V4A3文档编码:CK10L1B8S7A3

27、 HG10K5G7K4I9 ZH10U10T4V4A3文档编码:CK10L1B8S7A3 HG10K5G7K4I9 ZH10U10T4V4A3文档编码:CK10L1B8S7A3 HG10K5G7K4I9 ZH10U10T4V4A3文档编码:CK10L1B8S7A3 HG10K5G7K4I9 ZH10U10T4V4A3文档编码:CK10L1B8S7A3 HG10K5G7K4I9 ZH10U10T4V4A3文档编码:CK10L1B8S7A3 HG10K5G7K4I9 ZH10U10T4V4A3文档编码:CK10L1B8S7A3 HG10K5G7K4I9 ZH10U10T4V4A3文档编码:CK10L1B8S7A3 HG10K5G7K4I9 ZH10U10T4V4A3文档编码:CK10L1B8S7A3 HG10K5G7K4I9 ZH10U10T4V4A3