2018八年级物理上册试题(带答案).pdf
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1、八年级物理试题(总分:100 分时间:90 分钟)一、选择题(每题 3 分,共 36 分)1.关于速度,下列说法正确的是()A速度是表示物体通过路程长短的物理量B速度是表示物体运动时间的物理量C速度是表示物体运动快慢的物理量D物体通过的路程越长,速度就越大2关于参照物,下列说法错误的是()A只能选择那些固定在地面上不动的物体作为参照物B判断一个物体是静止还是运动,与参照物的选择有关C一个物体是运动还是静止,都是相对于所选定的参照物而言的D研究地面上物体的运动,常选地面或固定在地面上不动的物体为参照物3关于误差,下列说法中正确的是()A误差是由于测量方法不正确造成的B无论测量仪器如何精密,误差只
2、能减小,不能消灭C只要测量仪器足够精密,就可以消灭误差D以上说法都正确4火车在平直的轨道上以20m/s的速度做匀速运动,通过的路程是200m,则通过这段路所用的时间是()A.1h B.5min C.10s D.50s 5下列关于声现象的说法中正确的是()A一切发声的物体都在振动B声音在不同介质中的传播速度相同C声音在真空中的传播速度为340m/s D公路旁安装“声障墙”是在声源处减弱噪声6在公共场所“轻声”说话是文明的表现,在课堂上“大声”回答问题才能让老师和同学们都能听清楚,这里的“轻声”和“大声”是指声音的()A音调B响度C音色D声速7在同一架钢琴上,弹奏C 调“3(mi)”和“1(dou
3、)”这两个音,以下说法正确的是()A音色一定不同B音调一定不同 C响度一定不同D音调、音色和响度都不同8下列关于温度的描述中符合实际的是()A发高烧时人体温度可达40 B冰箱冷冻室的温度为10 C饺子煮熟即将出锅时温度为50 D加冰的橙汁饮料温度为-20 92010 年春季,西南地区遭遇罕见的世纪大旱。为了节约用水,果农们利用了滴灌的方法给果树浇水,如图1 所示。他们把细水管放入果树下的土里,使水分直接渗透到果树根部,减慢了水分的蒸发,原因是()A减少了水在地面的表面积B增大了水在地面的表面积C加快了地面上方空气的流动D提高了地面上水的温度 10 如图 2 是小明绘制的某种物质熔化时的温度时间
4、图象。下面说法正确的是()A图线中间的水平线段表示这段时间内物体不吸热B图线可能是冰的熔化过程C图线可能是蜡的熔化过程D图线表示某晶体的熔化过程11 下列各种现象形成的过程中,需要吸收热量的是()A冬天,紧闭的玻璃窗内壁出现冰花B冰箱内取出的西红柿“冒汗”C衣柜内的卫生球逐渐变小D用铁水浇铸工件文档编码:CO10I3N1V3R7 HR5Q7X4K6T6 ZZ4H10X1H7L3文档编码:CO10I3N1V3R7 HR5Q7X4K6T6 ZZ4H10X1H7L3文档编码:CO10I3N1V3R7 HR5Q7X4K6T6 ZZ4H10X1H7L3文档编码:CO10I3N1V3R7 HR5Q7X4K
5、6T6 ZZ4H10X1H7L3文档编码:CO10I3N1V3R7 HR5Q7X4K6T6 ZZ4H10X1H7L3文档编码:CO10I3N1V3R7 HR5Q7X4K6T6 ZZ4H10X1H7L3文档编码:CO10I3N1V3R7 HR5Q7X4K6T6 ZZ4H10X1H7L3文档编码:CO10I3N1V3R7 HR5Q7X4K6T6 ZZ4H10X1H7L3文档编码:CO10I3N1V3R7 HR5Q7X4K6T6 ZZ4H10X1H7L3文档编码:CO10I3N1V3R7 HR5Q7X4K6T6 ZZ4H10X1H7L3文档编码:CO10I3N1V3R7 HR5Q7X4K6T6 ZZ
6、4H10X1H7L3文档编码:CO10I3N1V3R7 HR5Q7X4K6T6 ZZ4H10X1H7L3文档编码:CO10I3N1V3R7 HR5Q7X4K6T6 ZZ4H10X1H7L3文档编码:CO10I3N1V3R7 HR5Q7X4K6T6 ZZ4H10X1H7L3文档编码:CO10I3N1V3R7 HR5Q7X4K6T6 ZZ4H10X1H7L3文档编码:CO10I3N1V3R7 HR5Q7X4K6T6 ZZ4H10X1H7L3文档编码:CO10I3N1V3R7 HR5Q7X4K6T6 ZZ4H10X1H7L3文档编码:CO10I3N1V3R7 HR5Q7X4K6T6 ZZ4H10X1
7、H7L3文档编码:CO10I3N1V3R7 HR5Q7X4K6T6 ZZ4H10X1H7L3文档编码:CO10I3N1V3R7 HR5Q7X4K6T6 ZZ4H10X1H7L3文档编码:CO10I3N1V3R7 HR5Q7X4K6T6 ZZ4H10X1H7L3文档编码:CO10I3N1V3R7 HR5Q7X4K6T6 ZZ4H10X1H7L3文档编码:CO10I3N1V3R7 HR5Q7X4K6T6 ZZ4H10X1H7L3文档编码:CO10I3N1V3R7 HR5Q7X4K6T6 ZZ4H10X1H7L3文档编码:CO10I3N1V3R7 HR5Q7X4K6T6 ZZ4H10X1H7L3文档
8、编码:CO10I3N1V3R7 HR5Q7X4K6T6 ZZ4H10X1H7L3文档编码:CO10I3N1V3R7 HR5Q7X4K6T6 ZZ4H10X1H7L3文档编码:CO10I3N1V3R7 HR5Q7X4K6T6 ZZ4H10X1H7L3文档编码:CO10I3N1V3R7 HR5Q7X4K6T6 ZZ4H10X1H7L3文档编码:CO10I3N1V3R7 HR5Q7X4K6T6 ZZ4H10X1H7L3文档编码:CO10I3N1V3R7 HR5Q7X4K6T6 ZZ4H10X1H7L3文档编码:CO10I3N1V3R7 HR5Q7X4K6T6 ZZ4H10X1H7L3文档编码:CO1
9、0I3N1V3R7 HR5Q7X4K6T6 ZZ4H10X1H7L3文档编码:CO10I3N1V3R7 HR5Q7X4K6T6 ZZ4H10X1H7L3文档编码:CO10I3N1V3R7 HR5Q7X4K6T6 ZZ4H10X1H7L3文档编码:CO10I3N1V3R7 HR5Q7X4K6T6 ZZ4H10X1H7L3文档编码:CO10I3N1V3R7 HR5Q7X4K6T6 ZZ4H10X1H7L3文档编码:CO10I3N1V3R7 HR5Q7X4K6T6 ZZ4H10X1H7L3文档编码:CO10I3N1V3R7 HR5Q7X4K6T6 ZZ4H10X1H7L3文档编码:CO10I3N1V
10、3R7 HR5Q7X4K6T6 ZZ4H10X1H7L3文档编码:CO10I3N1V3R7 HR5Q7X4K6T6 ZZ4H10X1H7L3文档编码:CO10I3N1V3R7 HR5Q7X4K6T6 ZZ4H10X1H7L3文档编码:CO10I3N1V3R7 HR5Q7X4K6T6 ZZ4H10X1H7L3文档编码:CO10I3N1V3R7 HR5Q7X4K6T6 ZZ4H10X1H7L3文档编码:CO10I3N1V3R7 HR5Q7X4K6T6 ZZ4H10X1H7L3文档编码:CO10I3N1V3R7 HR5Q7X4K6T6 ZZ4H10X1H7L3文档编码:CO10I3N1V3R7 HR
11、5Q7X4K6T6 ZZ4H10X1H7L3文档编码:CO10I3N1V3R7 HR5Q7X4K6T6 ZZ4H10X1H7L312 两盆水里面都有没熔化的冰块,一盆放在阳光下,一盆放在阴凉处,在盆内冰块均未熔化完前,两盆的水温相比()A在阳光下的那盆水的温度高B两盆一样高C在阴凉处的那盆水的温度高D无法确定二、填空(每空 1 分,共 22 分)13 开通在即的安庆到南京高铁设计最高速度可达360km/h,合 _m/s;中学生步行的速度大约是1.1_ _(填单位)。14 某同学四次测同一物体的长度得到的测量结果分别是:3.62cm、3.63cm、3.58cm、3.62cm,在测量中存在错误的数
12、据是_,该物体的长度应记为_。15 加油机给战斗机加油,以加油机为参照物,战斗机是 _ _(选填“静止”或“运动”)。如果战斗机在2s 内飞行了0.6km,则它的速度是_ _m/s。16 甲、乙两物体都做匀速直线运动,它们路程之比是2:1,它们速度之比是2:3,则甲、乙两物体所用时间之比是_ _。17 某同学郊游时,用半小时走完2km 的路程,休息半小时后,再用30 min走完 2.5km的路程。那么,他全程的平均速度是km/h。18 小强在家里看书,突然屋外有人大声叫他,他一听便知道是同学小明,正所谓“闻其声而知其人”,这是依据声音的_ 不同来判断的。小明说话“声音洪亮”,反映他说话声音的
13、_ 大。19 端午节期间,郑能随父母到山区爬山,他向着远处的山崖大喊一声,约 1.6s 听到回声,他们距山崖大约_ _m,声速按340m/s计算声音在空气中以_ 形式传播。20 如 图 3 所示是几种声音输入到示波器上时显示的波形,其中音调相同的是_;响度相同的是 _ 文档编码:CO10I3N1V3R7 HR5Q7X4K6T6 ZZ4H10X1H7L3文档编码:CO10I3N1V3R7 HR5Q7X4K6T6 ZZ4H10X1H7L3文档编码:CO10I3N1V3R7 HR5Q7X4K6T6 ZZ4H10X1H7L3文档编码:CO10I3N1V3R7 HR5Q7X4K6T6 ZZ4H10X1H
14、7L3文档编码:CO10I3N1V3R7 HR5Q7X4K6T6 ZZ4H10X1H7L3文档编码:CO10I3N1V3R7 HR5Q7X4K6T6 ZZ4H10X1H7L3文档编码:CO10I3N1V3R7 HR5Q7X4K6T6 ZZ4H10X1H7L3文档编码:CO10I3N1V3R7 HR5Q7X4K6T6 ZZ4H10X1H7L3文档编码:CO10I3N1V3R7 HR5Q7X4K6T6 ZZ4H10X1H7L3文档编码:CO10I3N1V3R7 HR5Q7X4K6T6 ZZ4H10X1H7L3文档编码:CO10I3N1V3R7 HR5Q7X4K6T6 ZZ4H10X1H7L3文档编
15、码:CO10I3N1V3R7 HR5Q7X4K6T6 ZZ4H10X1H7L3文档编码:CO10I3N1V3R7 HR5Q7X4K6T6 ZZ4H10X1H7L3文档编码:CO10I3N1V3R7 HR5Q7X4K6T6 ZZ4H10X1H7L3文档编码:CO10I3N1V3R7 HR5Q7X4K6T6 ZZ4H10X1H7L3文档编码:CO10I3N1V3R7 HR5Q7X4K6T6 ZZ4H10X1H7L3文档编码:CO10I3N1V3R7 HR5Q7X4K6T6 ZZ4H10X1H7L3文档编码:CO10I3N1V3R7 HR5Q7X4K6T6 ZZ4H10X1H7L3文档编码:CO10
16、I3N1V3R7 HR5Q7X4K6T6 ZZ4H10X1H7L3文档编码:CO10I3N1V3R7 HR5Q7X4K6T6 ZZ4H10X1H7L3文档编码:CO10I3N1V3R7 HR5Q7X4K6T6 ZZ4H10X1H7L3文档编码:CO10I3N1V3R7 HR5Q7X4K6T6 ZZ4H10X1H7L3文档编码:CO10I3N1V3R7 HR5Q7X4K6T6 ZZ4H10X1H7L3文档编码:CO10I3N1V3R7 HR5Q7X4K6T6 ZZ4H10X1H7L3文档编码:CO10I3N1V3R7 HR5Q7X4K6T6 ZZ4H10X1H7L3文档编码:CO10I3N1V3
17、R7 HR5Q7X4K6T6 ZZ4H10X1H7L3文档编码:CO10I3N1V3R7 HR5Q7X4K6T6 ZZ4H10X1H7L3文档编码:CO10I3N1V3R7 HR5Q7X4K6T6 ZZ4H10X1H7L3文档编码:CO10I3N1V3R7 HR5Q7X4K6T6 ZZ4H10X1H7L3文档编码:CO10I3N1V3R7 HR5Q7X4K6T6 ZZ4H10X1H7L3文档编码:CO10I3N1V3R7 HR5Q7X4K6T6 ZZ4H10X1H7L3文档编码:CO10I3N1V3R7 HR5Q7X4K6T6 ZZ4H10X1H7L3文档编码:CO10I3N1V3R7 HR5
18、Q7X4K6T6 ZZ4H10X1H7L3文档编码:CO10I3N1V3R7 HR5Q7X4K6T6 ZZ4H10X1H7L3文档编码:CO10I3N1V3R7 HR5Q7X4K6T6 ZZ4H10X1H7L3文档编码:CO10I3N1V3R7 HR5Q7X4K6T6 ZZ4H10X1H7L3文档编码:CO10I3N1V3R7 HR5Q7X4K6T6 ZZ4H10X1H7L3文档编码:CO10I3N1V3R7 HR5Q7X4K6T6 ZZ4H10X1H7L3文档编码:CO10I3N1V3R7 HR5Q7X4K6T6 ZZ4H10X1H7L3文档编码:CO10I3N1V3R7 HR5Q7X4K6
19、T6 ZZ4H10X1H7L3文档编码:CO10I3N1V3R7 HR5Q7X4K6T6 ZZ4H10X1H7L3文档编码:CO10I3N1V3R7 HR5Q7X4K6T6 ZZ4H10X1H7L3文档编码:CO10I3N1V3R7 HR5Q7X4K6T6 ZZ4H10X1H7L3文档编码:CO10I3N1V3R7 HR5Q7X4K6T6 ZZ4H10X1H7L3文档编码:CO10I3N1V3R7 HR5Q7X4K6T6 ZZ4H10X1H7L3文档编码:CO10I3N1V3R7 HR5Q7X4K6T6 ZZ4H10X1H7L3文档编码:CO10I3N1V3R7 HR5Q7X4K6T6 ZZ4
20、H10X1H7L3文档编码:CO10I3N1V3R7 HR5Q7X4K6T6 ZZ4H10X1H7L321 即使在 0以下的冬天,室外冰冻的衣服也能晾干,这是 _(填写物态变化名称)现象,在这个过程中需要(填“吸收”或“放出”)热量。22 今年我国西南地区遭遇严重干旱,为减缓旱情某部空军出动飞机在云层中播撒干冰(固体二氧化碳)实施人工降雨,靠干冰的吸收大量的热,使云中水滴增大,冰晶增多,形成降雨,其中冰晶在下落过程中成水(以上两空填物态变化名称)23 用蒸笼蒸馒头,是上层还是下层蒸格中的馒头先熟呢?小明仔细观察后发现:高温的水蒸气经过多层蒸格向上升,遇到冷的蒸笼盖时,大量水蒸气发生(填物态变化
21、)现象,(填“吸收”、“放出”)很多热量,从而会使上层蒸格中的馒头先熟。24 如图 4 所示,甲是体温计,乙是实验室用温度计,它们都是利用液体_ 的性质制成的,可用来测沸水温度的是_ 三、实验题(每空分,共21 分)25 如图 5 所示,甲中刻度尺的读数为cm;乙中秒表的读数为s。26 如图 6 所示,小明在“测小车平均速度”的实验中,设计如图所示的装置:小车从带有刻度(分度值为1mm)的斜面顶端由静止开始下滑,图中圆圈是小车到达A、B、C 三处时电子表显示的时刻(数字表示“时:分:秒”),则:(1)改实验是根据公式进行测量的;(2)实验中为了方便计时,应使斜面的坡度较(选填“大”或“小”);
22、(3)根据图中所给信息回答:SAB=cm,tBC=s,VAC=m/s 文档编码:CO10I3N1V3R7 HR5Q7X4K6T6 ZZ4H10X1H7L3文档编码:CO10I3N1V3R7 HR5Q7X4K6T6 ZZ4H10X1H7L3文档编码:CO10I3N1V3R7 HR5Q7X4K6T6 ZZ4H10X1H7L3文档编码:CO10I3N1V3R7 HR5Q7X4K6T6 ZZ4H10X1H7L3文档编码:CO10I3N1V3R7 HR5Q7X4K6T6 ZZ4H10X1H7L3文档编码:CO10I3N1V3R7 HR5Q7X4K6T6 ZZ4H10X1H7L3文档编码:CO10I3N1
23、V3R7 HR5Q7X4K6T6 ZZ4H10X1H7L3文档编码:CO10I3N1V3R7 HR5Q7X4K6T6 ZZ4H10X1H7L3文档编码:CO10I3N1V3R7 HR5Q7X4K6T6 ZZ4H10X1H7L3文档编码:CO10I3N1V3R7 HR5Q7X4K6T6 ZZ4H10X1H7L3文档编码:CO10I3N1V3R7 HR5Q7X4K6T6 ZZ4H10X1H7L3文档编码:CO10I3N1V3R7 HR5Q7X4K6T6 ZZ4H10X1H7L3文档编码:CO10I3N1V3R7 HR5Q7X4K6T6 ZZ4H10X1H7L3文档编码:CO10I3N1V3R7 H
24、R5Q7X4K6T6 ZZ4H10X1H7L3文档编码:CO10I3N1V3R7 HR5Q7X4K6T6 ZZ4H10X1H7L3文档编码:CO10I3N1V3R7 HR5Q7X4K6T6 ZZ4H10X1H7L3文档编码:CO10I3N1V3R7 HR5Q7X4K6T6 ZZ4H10X1H7L3文档编码:CO10I3N1V3R7 HR5Q7X4K6T6 ZZ4H10X1H7L3文档编码:CO10I3N1V3R7 HR5Q7X4K6T6 ZZ4H10X1H7L3文档编码:CO10I3N1V3R7 HR5Q7X4K6T6 ZZ4H10X1H7L3文档编码:CO10I3N1V3R7 HR5Q7X4
25、K6T6 ZZ4H10X1H7L3文档编码:CO10I3N1V3R7 HR5Q7X4K6T6 ZZ4H10X1H7L3文档编码:CO10I3N1V3R7 HR5Q7X4K6T6 ZZ4H10X1H7L3文档编码:CO10I3N1V3R7 HR5Q7X4K6T6 ZZ4H10X1H7L3文档编码:CO10I3N1V3R7 HR5Q7X4K6T6 ZZ4H10X1H7L3文档编码:CO10I3N1V3R7 HR5Q7X4K6T6 ZZ4H10X1H7L3文档编码:CO10I3N1V3R7 HR5Q7X4K6T6 ZZ4H10X1H7L3文档编码:CO10I3N1V3R7 HR5Q7X4K6T6 Z
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