2012年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语一试题及解析.pdf

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1、Born to win2012 年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题Section Use of English Directions:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or Don ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points)The ethical judgments of the Supreme Court justices became an important issue recently.The court cannot_1_ its legi

2、timacy as guardian of the rule of law_2_ justices behave like politicians.Yet,in several instances,justices acted in ways that_3_ the court s reputation for being independent and impartial.Justices Antonin Scalia and Samuel Alito Jr.,for example,appeared at political events.That kind of activity mak

3、es it less likely that the court s decisions will be_4_ as impartial judgments.Part of the problem is that the justices are not _5_ by an ethics code.At the very least,the court should make itself_6_ to the code of conduct that _7_to the rest of the federal judiciary.This and other cases _8_the ques

4、tion of whether there is still a _9_ between the court and politics.The framers of the Constitution envisioned law_10_ having authority apart from politics.They gave justices permanent positions _11_ they would be free to _12_those in power and have no need to_13_ political support.Our legal system

5、was designed to set law apart from politics precisely because they are so closely _14_.Constitutional law is political because it results from choices rooted in fundamental social _15_like liberty and property.When the court deals with social policy decisions,the law it _16_is inescapably political

6、which is why decisions split along ideological lines are so easily _17_ as unjust.The justices must _18_ doubts about the court s legitimacy by making themselves _19_to the code of conduct.That would make their rulings more likely to be seen as separate from politics and,_20_,convincing as law.1.A e

7、mphasize B maintain C modify D recognize 2.A when B best C before D unless 3.A restored B weakened C established D eliminated 4.A challenged B compromised C suspected D accepted 5.A advanced B caught C bound D founded 6.A resistant B subject C immune D prone 7.A resorts B sticks C leads D applies 8.

8、A evade B raise C deny D settle 9.A line B barrier C similarity D conflict 10.A by B as C through D towards 11.A so B since C provided D though 12.A serve B satisfy C upset D replace 13.A confirm B express C cultivate D offer 14.A guarded B followed C studied D tied Born to win15.A concepts B theori

9、es C divisions D convenience 16.A excludes B questions C shapes D controls 17.A dismissed B released C ranked D distorted 18.A suppress B exploit C address D ignore 19.A accessible B amiable C agreeable D accountable 20.A by all means B at all costs C in a word D as a result Section Reading Comprehe

10、nsion Part A Directions:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1.(40 points)Text 1 Come on Everybody s doing it.That whispered message,half invitation and half forcing,is what most of us think of when we hear the wor

11、ds peer pressure.It usually leads to no good-drinking,drugs and casual sex.But in her new book Join the Club,Tina Rosenberg contends that peer pressure can also be a positive force through what she calls the social cure,in which organizations and officials use the power of group dynamics to help ind

12、ividuals improve their lives and possibly the word.Rosenberg,the recipient of a Pulitzer Prize,offers a host of example of the social cure in action:In South Carolina,a state-sponsored antismoking program called Rage Against the Haze sets out to make cigarettes uncool.In South Africa,an HIV-preventi

13、on initiative known as LoveLife recruits young people to promote safe sex among their peers.The idea seems promising，and Rosenberg is a perceptive observer.Her critique of the lameness of many pubic-health campaigns is spot-on:they fail to mobilize peer pressure for healthy habits,and they demonstra

14、te a seriously flawed understanding of psychology.”Dare to be different,please don t smoke!”pleads one billboard campaign aimed at reducing smoking among teenagers-teenagers,who desire nothing more than fitting in.Rosenberg argues convincingly that public-health advocates ought to take a page from a

15、dvertisers,so skilled at applying peer pressure.But on the general effectiveness of the social cure,Rosenberg is less persuasive.Join the Club is filled with too much irrelevant detail and not enough exploration of the social and biological factors that make peer pressure so powerful.The most glarin

16、g flaw of the social cure as it s presented here is that it doesn t work very well for very long.Rage Against the Haze failed once state funding was cut.Evidence that the LoveLife program produces lasting changes is limited and mixed.Theres no doubt that our peer groups exert enormous influence on o

17、ur behavior.An emerging body of research shows that positive health habits-as well as negative ones-spread through networks of friends via social communication.This is a subtle form of peer pressure:we unconsciously imitate the behavior we see every day.Far less certain,however,is how successfully e

18、xperts and bureaucrats can select our peer groups and steer their activities in virtuous directions.It s like the teacher who breaks up the troublemakers in the back row by 文档编码:CG2B2D2Y9F3 HW8E10D10B8B10 ZA7W9Y2D5M3文档编码:CG2B2D2Y9F3 HW8E10D10B8B10 ZA7W9Y2D5M3文档编码:CG2B2D2Y9F3 HW8E10D10B8B10 ZA7W9Y2D5

19、M3文档编码:CG2B2D2Y9F3 HW8E10D10B8B10 ZA7W9Y2D5M3文档编码:CG2B2D2Y9F3 HW8E10D10B8B10 ZA7W9Y2D5M3文档编码:CG2B2D2Y9F3 HW8E10D10B8B10 ZA7W9Y2D5M3文档编码:CG2B2D2Y9F3 HW8E10D10B8B10 ZA7W9Y2D5M3文档编码:CG2B2D2Y9F3 HW8E10D10B8B10 ZA7W9Y2D5M3文档编码:CG2B2D2Y9F3 HW8E10D10B8B10 ZA7W9Y2D5M3文档编码:CG2B2D2Y9F3 HW8E10D10B8B10 ZA7W9Y2D

20、5M3文档编码:CG2B2D2Y9F3 HW8E10D10B8B10 ZA7W9Y2D5M3文档编码:CG2B2D2Y9F3 HW8E10D10B8B10 ZA7W9Y2D5M3文档编码:CG2B2D2Y9F3 HW8E10D10B8B10 ZA7W9Y2D5M3文档编码:CG2B2D2Y9F3 HW8E10D10B8B10 ZA7W9Y2D5M3文档编码:CG2B2D2Y9F3 HW8E10D10B8B10 ZA7W9Y2D5M3文档编码:CG2B2D2Y9F3 HW8E10D10B8B10 ZA7W9Y2D5M3文档编码:CG2B2D2Y9F3 HW8E10D10B8B10 ZA7W9Y2

21、D5M3文档编码:CG2B2D2Y9F3 HW8E10D10B8B10 ZA7W9Y2D5M3文档编码:CG2B2D2Y9F3 HW8E10D10B8B10 ZA7W9Y2D5M3文档编码:CG2B2D2Y9F3 HW8E10D10B8B10 ZA7W9Y2D5M3文档编码:CG2B2D2Y9F3 HW8E10D10B8B10 ZA7W9Y2D5M3文档编码:CG2B2D2Y9F3 HW8E10D10B8B10 ZA7W9Y2D5M3文档编码:CG2B2D2Y9F3 HW8E10D10B8B10 ZA7W9Y2D5M3文档编码:CG2B2D2Y9F3 HW8E10D10B8B10 ZA7W9Y

22、2D5M3文档编码:CG2B2D2Y9F3 HW8E10D10B8B10 ZA7W9Y2D5M3文档编码:CG2B2D2Y9F3 HW8E10D10B8B10 ZA7W9Y2D5M3文档编码:CG2B2D2Y9F3 HW8E10D10B8B10 ZA7W9Y2D5M3文档编码:CG2B2D2Y9F3 HW8E10D10B8B10 ZA7W9Y2D5M3文档编码:CG2B2D2Y9F3 HW8E10D10B8B10 ZA7W9Y2D5M3文档编码:CG2B2D2Y9F3 HW8E10D10B8B10 ZA7W9Y2D5M3文档编码:CG2B2D2Y9F3 HW8E10D10B8B10 ZA7W9

23、Y2D5M3文档编码:CG2B2D2Y9F3 HW8E10D10B8B10 ZA7W9Y2D5M3文档编码:CG2B2D2Y9F3 HW8E10D10B8B10 ZA7W9Y2D5M3文档编码:CG2B2D2Y9F3 HW8E10D10B8B10 ZA7W9Y2D5M3文档编码:CG2B2D2Y9F3 HW8E10D10B8B10 ZA7W9Y2D5M3文档编码:CG2B2D2Y9F3 HW8E10D10B8B10 ZA7W9Y2D5M3文档编码:CG2B2D2Y9F3 HW8E10D10B8B10 ZA7W9Y2D5M3文档编码:CG2B2D2Y9F3 HW8E10D10B8B10 ZA7W

24、9Y2D5M3文档编码:CG2B2D2Y9F3 HW8E10D10B8B10 ZA7W9Y2D5M3文档编码:CG2B2D2Y9F3 HW8E10D10B8B10 ZA7W9Y2D5M3文档编码:CG2B2D2Y9F3 HW8E10D10B8B10 ZA7W9Y2D5M3文档编码:CG2B2D2Y9F3 HW8E10D10B8B10 ZA7W9Y2D5M3文档编码:CG2B2D2Y9F3 HW8E10D10B8B10 ZA7W9Y2D5M3文档编码:CG2B2D2Y9F3 HW8E10D10B8B10 ZA7W9Y2D5M3文档编码:CG2B2D2Y9F3 HW8E10D10B8B10 ZA7

25、W9Y2D5M3文档编码:CG2B2D2Y9F3 HW8E10D10B8B10 ZA7W9Y2D5M3文档编码:CG2B2D2Y9F3 HW8E10D10B8B10 ZA7W9Y2D5M3文档编码:CG2B2D2Y9F3 HW8E10D10B8B10 ZA7W9Y2D5M3Born to winpairing them with better-behaved classmates.The tactic never really works.And that s the problem with a social cure engineered from the outside:in the r

26、eal world,as in school,we insist on choosing our own friends.21.According to the first paragraph,peer pressure often emerges as A a supplement to the social cure B a stimulus to group dynamics C an obstacle to school progress D a cause of undesirable behaviors 22.Rosenberg holds that public advocate

27、s should A recruit professional advertisers B learn from advertisers experienceC stay away from commercial advertisers D recognize the limitations of advertisements 23.In the author s view,Rosenberg s book fails toA adequately probe social and biological factors B effectively evade the flaws of the

28、social cure C illustrate the functions of state funding Dproduce a long-lasting social effect 24.Paragraph 5shows that our imitation of behaviors A is harmful to our networks of friends B will mislead behavioral studies C occurs without our realizing it D can produce negative health habits 25.The au

29、thor suggests in the last paragraph that the effect of peer pressure is A harmful B desirable C profound D questionable Text 2 A deal is a deal-except,apparently,when Entergy is involved.The company,a major energy supplier in New England,provoked justified outrage in Vermont last week when it announ

30、ced it was reneging on a longstanding commitment to abide by the strict nuclear regulations.Instead,the company has done precisely what it had long promised it would not challenge the constitutionality of Vermont s rules in the federal court,as part of a desperate effort to keep its Vermont Yankee n

31、uclear power plant running.It s a stunning move.The conflict has been surfacing since 2002,when the corporation bought Vermonts only nuclear power plant,an aging reactor in V ernon.As a condition of receiving state approval for the sale,the company agreed to seek permission from state regulators to

32、operate past 2012.In 2006,the state went a step further,requiring that 文档编码:CG2B2D2Y9F3 HW8E10D10B8B10 ZA7W9Y2D5M3文档编码:CG2B2D2Y9F3 HW8E10D10B8B10 ZA7W9Y2D5M3文档编码:CG2B2D2Y9F3 HW8E10D10B8B10 ZA7W9Y2D5M3文档编码:CG2B2D2Y9F3 HW8E10D10B8B10 ZA7W9Y2D5M3文档编码:CG2B2D2Y9F3 HW8E10D10B8B10 ZA7W9Y2D5M3文档编码:CG2B2D2Y9

33、F3 HW8E10D10B8B10 ZA7W9Y2D5M3文档编码:CG2B2D2Y9F3 HW8E10D10B8B10 ZA7W9Y2D5M3文档编码:CG2B2D2Y9F3 HW8E10D10B8B10 ZA7W9Y2D5M3文档编码:CG2B2D2Y9F3 HW8E10D10B8B10 ZA7W9Y2D5M3文档编码:CG2B2D2Y9F3 HW8E10D10B8B10 ZA7W9Y2D5M3文档编码:CG2B2D2Y9F3 HW8E10D10B8B10 ZA7W9Y2D5M3文档编码:CG2B2D2Y9F3 HW8E10D10B8B10 ZA7W9Y2D5M3文档编码:CG2B2D2Y

34、9F3 HW8E10D10B8B10 ZA7W9Y2D5M3文档编码:CG2B2D2Y9F3 HW8E10D10B8B10 ZA7W9Y2D5M3文档编码:CG2B2D2Y9F3 HW8E10D10B8B10 ZA7W9Y2D5M3文档编码:CG2B2D2Y9F3 HW8E10D10B8B10 ZA7W9Y2D5M3文档编码:CG2B2D2Y9F3 HW8E10D10B8B10 ZA7W9Y2D5M3文档编码:CG2B2D2Y9F3 HW8E10D10B8B10 ZA7W9Y2D5M3文档编码:CG2B2D2Y9F3 HW8E10D10B8B10 ZA7W9Y2D5M3文档编码:CG2B2D2

35、Y9F3 HW8E10D10B8B10 ZA7W9Y2D5M3文档编码:CG2B2D2Y9F3 HW8E10D10B8B10 ZA7W9Y2D5M3文档编码:CG2B2D2Y9F3 HW8E10D10B8B10 ZA7W9Y2D5M3文档编码:CG2B2D2Y9F3 HW8E10D10B8B10 ZA7W9Y2D5M3文档编码:CG2B2D2Y9F3 HW8E10D10B8B10 ZA7W9Y2D5M3文档编码:CG2B2D2Y9F3 HW8E10D10B8B10 ZA7W9Y2D5M3文档编码:CG2B2D2Y9F3 HW8E10D10B8B10 ZA7W9Y2D5M3文档编码:CG2B2D

36、2Y9F3 HW8E10D10B8B10 ZA7W9Y2D5M3文档编码:CG2B2D2Y9F3 HW8E10D10B8B10 ZA7W9Y2D5M3文档编码:CG2B2D2Y9F3 HW8E10D10B8B10 ZA7W9Y2D5M3文档编码:CG2B2D2Y9F3 HW8E10D10B8B10 ZA7W9Y2D5M3文档编码:CG2B2D2Y9F3 HW8E10D10B8B10 ZA7W9Y2D5M3文档编码:CG2B2D2Y9F3 HW8E10D10B8B10 ZA7W9Y2D5M3文档编码:CG2B2D2Y9F3 HW8E10D10B8B10 ZA7W9Y2D5M3文档编码:CG2B2

37、D2Y9F3 HW8E10D10B8B10 ZA7W9Y2D5M3文档编码:CG2B2D2Y9F3 HW8E10D10B8B10 ZA7W9Y2D5M3文档编码:CG2B2D2Y9F3 HW8E10D10B8B10 ZA7W9Y2D5M3文档编码:CG2B2D2Y9F3 HW8E10D10B8B10 ZA7W9Y2D5M3文档编码:CG2B2D2Y9F3 HW8E10D10B8B10 ZA7W9Y2D5M3文档编码:CG2B2D2Y9F3 HW8E10D10B8B10 ZA7W9Y2D5M3文档编码:CG2B2D2Y9F3 HW8E10D10B8B10 ZA7W9Y2D5M3文档编码:CG2B

38、2D2Y9F3 HW8E10D10B8B10 ZA7W9Y2D5M3文档编码:CG2B2D2Y9F3 HW8E10D10B8B10 ZA7W9Y2D5M3文档编码:CG2B2D2Y9F3 HW8E10D10B8B10 ZA7W9Y2D5M3文档编码:CG2B2D2Y9F3 HW8E10D10B8B10 ZA7W9Y2D5M3文档编码:CG2B2D2Y9F3 HW8E10D10B8B10 ZA7W9Y2D5M3文档编码:CG2B2D2Y9F3 HW8E10D10B8B10 ZA7W9Y2D5M3文档编码:CG2B2D2Y9F3 HW8E10D10B8B10 ZA7W9Y2D5M3文档编码:CG2

39、B2D2Y9F3 HW8E10D10B8B10 ZA7W9Y2D5M3Born to winany extension of the plant s license be subject to Vermont legislature s approval.Then,too,the company went along.Either Entergy never really intended to live by those commitments,or it simply didnt foresee what would happen next.A string of accidents,in

40、cluding the partial collapse of a cooling tower in 207 and the discovery of an underground pipe system leakage,raised serious questions about both Vermont Yankee s safety and Entergy s management especially after the company made misleading statements about the pipe.Enraged by Entergy s behavior,the

41、 Vermont Senate voted 26 to 4 last year against allowing an extension.Now the company is suddenly claiming that the 2002 agreement is invalid because of the 2006 legislation,and that only the federal government has regulatory power over nuclear issues.The legal issues in the case are obscure:whereas

42、 the Supreme Court has ruled that states do have some regulatory authority over nuclear power,legal scholars say that Vermont case will offer a precedent-setting test of how far those powers extend.Certainly,there are valid concerns about the patchwork regulations that could result if every state se

43、ts its own rules.But had Entergy kept its word,that debate would be beside the point.The company seems to have concluded that its reputation in Vermont is already so damaged that it has noting left to lose by going to war with the state.But there should be consequences.Permission to run a nuclear pl

44、ant is a poblic trust.Entergy runs 11 other reactors in the United States,including Pilgrim Nuclear station in Plymouth.Pledging to run Pilgrim safely,the company has applied for federal permission to keep it open for another 20 years.But as the Nuclear Regulatory Commission(NRC)reviews the company

45、s application,it should keep it mind what promises from Entergy are worth.26.The phrase“reneging on”(Line 3.para.1)is closest in meaning to A condemning.B reaffirming.C dishonoring.D securing.27.By entering into the 2002 agreement,Entergy intended to A obtain protection from Vermont regulators.B see

46、k favor from the federal legislature.C acquire an extension of its business license.D get permission to purchase a power plant.28.According to Paragraph 4,Entergy seems to have problems with its A managerial practices.B technical innovativeness.C financial goals.D business vision 29.In the author s

47、view,the Vermont case will testA Entergys capacity to fulfill all its promises.B the mature of states patchwork regulations.C the federal authority over nuclear issues.D the limits of states power over nuclear issues.30.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that A Entergys business elsewhere mi

48、ght be affected.B the authority of the NRC will be defied.C Entergy will withdraw its Plymouth application.文档编码:CG2B2D2Y9F3 HW8E10D10B8B10 ZA7W9Y2D5M3文档编码:CG2B2D2Y9F3 HW8E10D10B8B10 ZA7W9Y2D5M3文档编码:CG2B2D2Y9F3 HW8E10D10B8B10 ZA7W9Y2D5M3文档编码:CG2B2D2Y9F3 HW8E10D10B8B10 ZA7W9Y2D5M3文档编码:CG2B2D2Y9F3 HW8E

49、10D10B8B10 ZA7W9Y2D5M3文档编码:CG2B2D2Y9F3 HW8E10D10B8B10 ZA7W9Y2D5M3文档编码:CG2B2D2Y9F3 HW8E10D10B8B10 ZA7W9Y2D5M3文档编码:CG2B2D2Y9F3 HW8E10D10B8B10 ZA7W9Y2D5M3文档编码:CG2B2D2Y9F3 HW8E10D10B8B10 ZA7W9Y2D5M3文档编码:CG2B2D2Y9F3 HW8E10D10B8B10 ZA7W9Y2D5M3文档编码:CG2B2D2Y9F3 HW8E10D10B8B10 ZA7W9Y2D5M3文档编码:CG2B2D2Y9F3 HW8

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