2016全国1卷物理.pdf

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1、2016 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（新课标I 卷）理科综合（物理部分）二、选择题：本题共8 小题，每小题6 分。在每小题给出的四个选项中，第1417 题只有一项符合题目要求，第1821 题有多项符合题目要求。全部选对的得6 分，选对但不全的得 3 分。有选错的得0 分。14.一平行板电容器两极板之间充满云母介质，接在恒压直流电源上。若将云母介质移出，则电容器（）A.极板上的电荷量变大，极板间电场强度变大B.极板上的电荷量变小，极板间电场强度变大C.极板上的电荷量变大，极板间电场强度不变D.极板上的电荷量变小，极板间电场强度不变【答案】D 由4rSCkd可知，当云母介质抽出时，r变小，电容

2、器的电容C变小；因为电容器接在恒压直流电源上，故U不变，根据 QCU 可知，当C减小时，Q减小。再由UEd，由于U与d都不变，故电场强度E不变，答案为D【考点】电容器的基本计算15.现代质谱仪可用来分析比质子重很多倍的离子，其示意图如图所示，其中加速电压恒定。质子在入口处从静止开始被加速电场加速，经匀强磁场偏转后从出口离开磁场。若某种一价正离子在入口处从静止开始被同一加速电场加速，为使它经匀强磁场偏转后仍从同一出口离开磁场，需将磁感应强度增加到原来的12 倍。此离子和质子的质量比约为（）A.11 B.12 C.121 D.144【答案】D 设质子的质量数和电荷数分别为1m、1q，一价正离子的质

3、量数和电荷数为2m、2q，对于任意粒子，在加速电场中，由动能定理得：2102qUmv得2qUvm在磁场中应满足2vqvBmr由题意，由于两种粒子从同一入口垂直进入磁场，从同一出口垂直离开磁场，故在磁场中做匀速圆周运动的半径应相同由 式联立求解得匀速圆周运动的半径12mUrBq，由于加速电压不变，故1212212111rBmqrBmq其中211212BBqq，可得121144mm故一价正离子与质子的质量比约为144【考点】带电粒子在电场、磁场中的运动、质谱仪。16.一含有理想变压器的电路如图所示，图中电阻12RR、和3R的阻值分别是31、和4，A为理想交流电流表，U为正弦交流电压源，输出电压的有

4、效值恒定。当开关S断开时，电流表的示数为I；当S闭合时，电流表的示数为4I。该变压器原、副线圈匝数比为（）A.2 B.3 C.4 D.5【答案】B 解法一：当 S 断开时，电路如右图所示由闭合电路欧姆定律，原线圈两端电压11UUIR得13UUI根据变压器原副边电压关系：1122UnUn副线圈中的电流：222235UUIRR联立 得：21235nUInI当 S 闭合时，电路如右图所示由闭合电路欧姆定律，原线圈两端电压114UUIR=得112UUI=根据变压器原副边电压关系：1122UnUn副线圈中的电流得：22221UUIR=联立 得212124nUInI联立 解得123nn解法二：设开关S断开

5、前后，变压器的等效电阻为R和R，由于变压器输入功率与输出功率相同，S闭合前：2223()()IIRRRn，得232RRRnS闭合后：2224(4)()IIRRn，得22RRn根据闭合电路欧姆定律：文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档

6、编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1

7、L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档

8、编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1

9、L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档

10、编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1

11、L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9S闭合前：1UIRRS闭合后：14UIRR根据以上各式得：212223122131=543RRnnRRRnn解得，3n【考点】变压器的计算【难点】由于原边回路有电阻

12、，原线圈两端电压不等于电源电压17.利用三颗位置适当的地球同步卫星，可使地球赤道上任意两点之间保持无线电通讯。目前，地球同步卫星的轨道半径约为地球半径的6.6倍。假设地球的自转周期变小，若仍仅用三颗同步卫星来实现上述目的，则地球自转周期的最小值约为（）A.1hB.4hC.8hD.16h【答案】B 地球自转周期变小，卫星要与地球保持同步，则卫星的公转周期也应随之变小，由2224MmGmrrT可得234rTGM，则卫星离地球的高度应变小，要实现三颗卫星覆盖全球的目的，则卫星周期最小时，由数学几何关系可作出右图。由几何关系得，卫星的轨道半径为2sin30RrR由开普勒第三定律33122212rrTT

13、，代入题中数据，得33222(6.6)24RrT由 解得24Th【考点】（1）卫星运行规律；（2）开普勒第三定律的应用【难点】做出最小周期时的卫星空间关系图18.一质点做匀速直线运动。现对其施加一恒力，且原来作用在质点上的力不发生改变，则（）A.质点速度的方向总是与该恒力的方向相同B.质点速度的方向不可能总是与该恒力的方向垂直C.质点加速度的方向总是与该恒力的方向相同D.质点单位时间内速率的变化量总是不变【答案】BC 质点一开始做匀速直线运动，处于平衡状态，施加恒力后，则该质点的合外力为该恒力若该恒力方向与质点原运动方向不共线，则质点做曲线运动，质点速度方向时刻与恒力方向不同，故A 错；若F的

14、方向某一时刻与质点运动方向垂直，之后质点作曲线运动，力与运动方向夹角会发生变化，例如平抛运动，故B 正确；由牛顿第二定律可知，质点加速度方向与其所受合外力方向相同；根据加速度的定义，相等时间内速度变化量相同，速率变化量不一定相同，故 D错。30R卫星卫星卫星文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P

15、1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE

16、4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P

17、1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE

18、4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P

19、1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE

20、4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9【考点】牛顿运动定律；力和运动的关系；加速度的定义；【易错点】B 选项易错误地以“匀速圆周运动”作为反

21、例来推翻结论19.如图，一光滑的轻滑轮用细绳OO悬挂于O点；另一细绳跨过滑轮，其一端悬挂物块a，另一端系一位于水平粗糙桌面上的物块b。外力F向右上方拉b，整个系统处于静止状态。若F方向不变，大小在一定范围内变化，物块b仍始终保持静止，则（）A.绳OO的张力也在一定范围内变化B.物块b所受到的支持力也在一定范围内变化C.连接a和b的绳的张力也在一定范围内变化D.物块b与桌面间的摩擦力也在一定范围内变化【答案】BD 由题意，在F 保持方向不变，大小发生变化的过程中，物体a、b均保持静止，各绳角度保持不变；选a受力分析得，绳的拉力aTm g，所以物体a受到绳的拉力保持不变。由滑轮性质，滑轮两侧绳的拉

22、力相等，所以b受到绳的拉力大小、方向均保持不变，C 选项错误；a、b受到绳的拉力大小方向均不变，所以OO的张力不变，A 选项错误；对b进行受力分析，并将各力沿水平方向和竖直方向分解，如上图所示。由受力平衡得：xxTfF，yybFNTm g。T 和bm g始终不变，当F 大小在一定范围内变化时；支持力在一定范围内变化，B 选项正确；摩擦力也在一定范围内发生变化，D选项正确；故答案选BD。【考点】考查动态平衡分析、力的正交分解和力的平衡方程。20.如图，一带负电荷的油滴在匀强电场中运动，其轨迹在竖直面（纸面）内，且相对于过轨迹最低点P的竖直线对称。忽略空气阻力。由此可知（）A.Q 点的电势比P点高

23、B.油滴在Q 点的动能比它在P点的大C.油滴在Q 点的电势能比它在P点的大D.油滴在Q 点的加速度大小比它在P点的小【答案】AB 由于匀强电场中的电场力和重力都是恒力，所以合外力为恒力，加速度恒定不变，所以 D 选项错。由于油滴轨迹相对于过P 的竖直线对称且合外力总是指向轨迹弯曲内侧，所以油滴所受合外力沿竖直方向，电场力竖直向上。当油滴得从P 点运动到 Q 时，电场力做正功，电势能减小，C 选项错误；油滴带负电，电势能减小，电势增加，所以 Q点电势高于P 点电势，A 选项正确；在油滴从 P 点运动到 Q的过程中，合外力做正功，动能增加，所以Q 点动能大于P点，B 选项正确；所以选AB。【考点】

24、带电粒子在复合场中运动、曲线运动中物体受力特点、带电粒子电场力做功与电势能的关系、电势能变化与电势变化的关系。gfTxTyNmb TFxFyF文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9

25、ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X

26、6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9

27、ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X

28、6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9

29、ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X

30、6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R921.甲、乙两车在平直公路上同向行驶，其vt图像如图所示。已知两车在3ts时并排行驶，则（）A.在1st时，甲车在乙车后B.在0t时，甲车在乙车前7.5mC.两车另一次并排行驶的时刻是2stD.甲、乙车两次并排行驶的位

31、置之间沿公路方向的距离为40m【答案】BD 根据vt图，甲、乙都沿正方向运动。3st时，甲、乙相遇，=30m/sv甲，=25m/sv乙，由位移和vt图面积对应关系，0-3s内位移1=330m=45m2x甲，1=310+25 m=52.5m2x乙。故0t时，甲乙相距1-=7.5mxxx乙甲，即甲在乙前方7.5m，B选项正确。0-1s内，1=1 10m=5m2x甲，1=110+15 m=12.5m2x乙，2=7.5mxxx乙甲，说明甲、乙第一次相遇。A、C 错误。乙两次相遇地点之间的距离为=45m5m=40mxxx甲甲，所以 D 选项正确；【考点】vt图的解读和位移的计算、追击相遇问题【难点】根据

32、位移判断两车在不同时刻的位置关系文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码

33、:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2

34、E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码

35、:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2

36、E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码

37、:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2

38、E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9三、非选择题：本卷包括必考题和选考题两部分。第2232题为必考题，每个试题考生都必须作答。第3340题为选考题，考生根据要求作答。（一）必考题22.（5 分）某同学用图（a）所示的实验装置验证机械能守恒定律，其中打点计时器的电源为交流电源，可以使用的频率有20Hz30Hz、和40Hz。打出纸带的一部分如图（b）所示。该同学在实

39、验中没有记录交流电的频率f，需要用实验数据和其它题给条件进行推算。(1)若从打出的纸带可判定重物匀加速下落，利用f 和图（b）中给出的物理量可以写出：在打点计时器打出B点时，重物下落的速度大小为 _，打出 C 点时重物下落的速度大小为_，重物下落的加速度大小为_。(2)已测得1238.89cm9.50cm10.10cmSSS，当地重力加速度大小为29.80m/s，实验中重物受到的平均阻力大小约为其重力的1%，由此推算出f为_Hz。【答案】12()2fSS，23()2fSS，231()2fSS；40 由于重物匀加速下落，ABCD、各相邻点之间时间间隔相同，因此B点应是从A运动到C的过程的中间时刻

40、，由匀变速直线运动的推论可得：B点的速度Bv等于AC段的平均速度，即122BSSvt由于1tf，故12()2BfvSS同理可得23()2CfvSS匀加速直线运动的加速度vat故2231231()()2()12CBfSSSSvvfaSStf重物下落的过程中，由牛顿第二定律可得：gmF=ma阻由已知条件0.01gF=m阻由 得0.99ga代入 得：231()2faSS，代入数据得40Hzf【考点】利用运动学公式和推论处理纸带问题文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:C

41、Q7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8

42、N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:C

43、Q7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8

44、N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:C

45、Q7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8

46、N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:C

47、Q7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R923.（10 分）现要组装一个由热敏电阻控制的报警系统，要求当热敏电阻的温度达到或超过60 C时，系统报警。提供的器材有：热敏电阻，报警器（内阻很小，流过的电流超过cI时就会报警），电阻箱（最大阻值为999.9），直流电源（输出电压为U，内阻不计），滑动变阻器1R（最大阻值为1000），滑动变阻器2R（最大阻值为2000），单刀双掷开关一个，导线若干。在室温下对系统进行调节。已知U约为18V，cI约为10mA；流过报警器的电流超过20mA时，报警器可能损坏；该热敏电阻的阻值随温度升高而减小，在60 C时阻值为650.0。(1)

48、在答题卡上完成待调节的报警系统原理电路图的连线。(2)电路中应选用滑动变阻器_（填“1R”或“2R”）。(3)按照下列步骤调节此报警系统：电路接通前，需将电阻箱调到一固定的阻值，根据实验要求，这一阻值为_；滑动变阻器的滑片应置于_（填“a”或“b”）端附近，不能置于另一端的原因是_。将开关向 _（填“c”或“d”）端闭合，缓慢移动滑动变阻器的滑片，直至_。(4)保持滑动变阻器滑片的位置不变，将开关向另一端闭合，报警系统即可正常使用。【答案】(1)如下图(2)2R(3)650.0，b，接通电源后，流过报警器的电流会超过20mA，报警器可能损坏c，报警器开始报警热敏电阻工作温度达到60 C时，报警

49、器报警。故需通过调节电阻箱使其电阻为60 C时的热敏电阻的阻值，即调节到阻值650.0，光使报警器能正常报警，电路图如上图18VU，当通过报警器的电流10mA20mAcI，故电路中总电阻cURI，9001800R，故滑动变阻器选2R。热敏电阻为650.0时，报警器开始报警，模拟热敏电阻的电阻器阻值也应为650.0为防止通过报警器电流过大，造成报警器烧坏，应使滑动变阻器的滑片置于 b 端【考点】滑动变阻器在电路中的作用及其规格选择、串并联电路相关计算、等效替代思想文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N

50、9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ7X6P1H4S6 HL6H1L2E8N9 ZE4Y2D2N3R9文档编码:CQ