2013届中考英语语法考点知识重点复习10.pdf
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1、1/7 定语从句(一)知识概要定语从句并不属于中考范围,但由于作者在多年的教案中体会到,这一语法现象影响了许多学生自学英语。这些学生一般是成绩较好的学生,想进行大量阅读来提高自己的英语水平,但总是碰到一些问题,百思不得其解。苦于自己的水平只限于初中水平,无法提高,但各种补习班又都是为一些水平较差的学生开设的,所以又投师无门。为了解决这部分学生的学习困难,也为那些有志青年铺平学习上的道路,特用这一节讲述定语从句,不是从语法上讲述,而是从阅读理解方面去讲述。可供同学们在学习时参考。这会对你的英语学习起到事半功倍的作用。对于形容词我们已十分熟悉了,如:a good book,形容词good 用来修饰
2、书book。我们也可以用一个句子来修饰名词,这种句子叫做形容词性从句,它起修饰名词的作用,又被叫做定语从句(The attributive clause)。但有一点不同的是这个从句不是像形容词那样放于名词前,而是放在名词之后。它所修饰的名词又被叫作先行词,如:Do you know the scientist who gave us the talk this afternoon?这句中的主句是Do you know the scientist?(你知道那位科学家吗?)而 who gave us the talk this afternoon(他今天下午给我们作的报告。)是定语从句。所以这两句
3、话合为一体即是:你认识今天下午给我们作报告的那位科学家吗?这里 scientist 叫作先行词,而 who 叫作定语从句的引导词。who 在定语从句中起主语的作用,who 的数与它的先行词相同。又如:这里先行词是 everything,而 that I do 是定语从句,此句应译为:你必须作我所作的一切。that 叫作定语从句的引导词,在句中作do 的宾语。引导定语从句的引导词有关系代词:that,which,who,whom,whose 和关系副词when,where,why,how。不论关系代词还是关系副词,都应放于先行词和定语从句之间,起联系作用,但它们都要在定语从句中起语法作用,充当一
4、个成份。如关系代词在定语从句中不是作主语便是作宾语,而关系副词则是作状语。我们先来看关系代词的用法。that 的先行词可以是人也可以是物。如:这里先行词是machine 而 that 是关 系代词,在定语从句中作主语。这句译为:飞机是一种会飞的机器。又如:I like the book(th这里先行词是book,关系2/7 代词用that,它在定语从句中作lend(借)的宾语。要注意的是关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时可以省略,即:I like the book you lenwhich 关系代词的先行词只能是物。它在定语从句中作主语或宾语,如:The book 这里shop 是先行词,which
5、 在从句中作主语。又如:The book(which)I read last night was wonderful这里主句是The book was 而定语从句是修饰主句的主语book,即我昨晚读的那本书,which 在定语从句中作read 的宾语,可以省略。who,whom,在定语从句中作主语,whom 是 who 的宾格,在定语从句中作宾语,而 whose 则是形容词性物主代词,在从句中作定语,如:The man who 昨天参观我们学校的人是一位美国朋友。Who 在定语从句中作主语。又如:Whos that woman(whom)you just talked to?你刚才与之谈话的那
6、个女人是谁?而 whom 作定语从句中介词to 的宾语,可以省略,而在现代英语中,句首的whom 也常常可用who 代替。This is our classmate,Mary,这是我们的同学玛丽,她的家离我们学校不远。为了便于理解,我们来看看是如何将两句话并为一句话的。I saw the man who(that)clos23(要注意的是先行词是students 则 who 的数也应看作复数。4We are s56The book was go文档编码:CI7X10P4M1F7 HR1M7Y10K1E8 ZY2A5A10T10J5文档编码:CI7X10P4M1F7 HR1M7Y10K1E8 Z
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10、X10P4M1F7 HR1M7Y10K1E8 ZY2A5A10T10J5文档编码:CI7X10P4M1F7 HR1M7Y10K1E8 ZY2A5A10T10J5文档编码:CI7X10P4M1F7 HR1M7Y10K1E8 ZY2A5A10T10J5文档编码:CI7X10P4M1F7 HR1M7Y10K1E8 ZY2A5A10T10J5文档编码:CI7X10P4M1F7 HR1M7Y10K1E8 ZY2A5A10T10J5文档编码:CI7X10P4M1F7 HR1M7Y10K1E8 ZY2A5A10T10J5文档编码:CI7X10P4M1F7 HR1M7Y10K1E8 ZY2A5A10T10J5
11、文档编码:CI7X10P4M1F7 HR1M7Y10K1E8 ZY2A5A10T10J5文档编码:CI7X10P4M1F7 HR1M7Y10K1E8 ZY2A5A10T10J5文档编码:CI7X10P4M1F7 HR1M7Y10K1E8 ZY2A5A10T10J5文档编码:CI7X10P4M1F7 HR1M7Y10K1E8 ZY2A5A10T10J5文档编码:CI7X10P4M1F7 HR1M7Y10K1E8 ZY2A5A10T10J5文档编码:CI7X10P4M1F7 HR1M7Y10K1E8 ZY2A5A10T10J5文档编码:CI7X10P4M1F7 HR1M7Y10K1E8 ZY2A5
12、A10T10J5文档编码:CI7X10P4M1F7 HR1M7Y10K1E8 ZY2A5A10T10J5文档编码:CI7X10P4M1F7 HR1M7Y10K1E8 ZY2A5A10T10J5文档编码:CI7X10P4M1F7 HR1M7Y10K1E8 ZY2A5A10T10J5文档编码:CI7X10P4M1F7 HR1M7Y10K1E8 ZY2A5A10T10J5文档编码:CI7X10P4M1F7 HR1M7Y10K1E8 ZY2A5A10T10J5文档编码:CI7X10P4M1F7 HR1M7Y10K1E8 ZY2A5A10T10J5文档编码:CI7X10P4M1F7 HR1M7Y10K1
13、E8 ZY2A5A10T10J5文档编码:CI7X10P4M1F7 HR1M7Y10K1E8 ZY2A5A10T10J5文档编码:CI7X10P4M1F7 HR1M7Y10K1E8 ZY2A5A10T10J5文档编码:CI7X10P4M1F7 HR1M7Y10K1E8 ZY2A5A10T10J5文档编码:CI7X10P4M1F7 HR1M7Y10K1E8 ZY2A5A10T10J5文档编码:CI7X10P4M1F7 HR1M7Y10K1E8 ZY2A5A10T10J53/7 7Th8The man whose wal910I have to ca关系代词whom,which 在定语从句中作介词
14、宾语时,可以和介词一起放于先行词与定语从句 之间,有时为了关系紧凑也可以将whom 与 which 与先行词紧挨着书写,而将介词置于定语从句的后面,如:That was the room in which we h或可以写作:That was the room which we had l要注意的是此句的关系代词whom 可以用主格取代,而look for 是短语动词也不可将for 放于定语从句之前。that 作关系代词作介词宾语时,不能紧跟介词,而只能将介词置于定语从句的后面。如:The man that we were 这时不可用about that 请看下面例句:12345The man
15、 who I told you about i除关系代词外,还有关系副词,when,where,why,其中 when 用来指时间,在定语从句中作时间状语。如:I never而 where 文档编码:CI7X10P4M1F7 HR1M7Y10K1E8 ZY2A5A10T10J5文档编码:CI7X10P4M1F7 HR1M7Y10K1E8 ZY2A5A10T10J5文档编码:CI7X10P4M1F7 HR1M7Y10K1E8 ZY2A5A10T10J5文档编码:CI7X10P4M1F7 HR1M7Y10K1E8 ZY2A5A10T10J5文档编码:CI7X10P4M1F7 HR1M7Y10K1E
16、8 ZY2A5A10T10J5文档编码:CI7X10P4M1F7 HR1M7Y10K1E8 ZY2A5A10T10J5文档编码:CI7X10P4M1F7 HR1M7Y10K1E8 ZY2A5A10T10J5文档编码:CI7X10P4M1F7 HR1M7Y10K1E8 ZY2A5A10T10J5文档编码:CI7X10P4M1F7 HR1M7Y10K1E8 ZY2A5A10T10J5文档编码:CI7X10P4M1F7 HR1M7Y10K1E8 ZY2A5A10T10J5文档编码:CI7X10P4M1F7 HR1M7Y10K1E8 ZY2A5A10T10J5文档编码:CI7X10P4M1F7 HR1
17、M7Y10K1E8 ZY2A5A10T10J5文档编码:CI7X10P4M1F7 HR1M7Y10K1E8 ZY2A5A10T10J5文档编码:CI7X10P4M1F7 HR1M7Y10K1E8 ZY2A5A10T10J5文档编码:CI7X10P4M1F7 HR1M7Y10K1E8 ZY2A5A10T10J5文档编码:CI7X10P4M1F7 HR1M7Y10K1E8 ZY2A5A10T10J5文档编码:CI7X10P4M1F7 HR1M7Y10K1E8 ZY2A5A10T10J5文档编码:CI7X10P4M1F7 HR1M7Y10K1E8 ZY2A5A10T10J5文档编码:CI7X10P4
18、M1F7 HR1M7Y10K1E8 ZY2A5A10T10J5文档编码:CI7X10P4M1F7 HR1M7Y10K1E8 ZY2A5A10T10J5文档编码:CI7X10P4M1F7 HR1M7Y10K1E8 ZY2A5A10T10J5文档编码:CI7X10P4M1F7 HR1M7Y10K1E8 ZY2A5A10T10J5文档编码:CI7X10P4M1F7 HR1M7Y10K1E8 ZY2A5A10T10J5文档编码:CI7X10P4M1F7 HR1M7Y10K1E8 ZY2A5A10T10J5文档编码:CI7X10P4M1F7 HR1M7Y10K1E8 ZY2A5A10T10J5文档编码:
19、CI7X10P4M1F7 HR1M7Y10K1E8 ZY2A5A10T10J5文档编码:CI7X10P4M1F7 HR1M7Y10K1E8 ZY2A5A10T10J5文档编码:CI7X10P4M1F7 HR1M7Y10K1E8 ZY2A5A10T10J5文档编码:CI7X10P4M1F7 HR1M7Y10K1E8 ZY2A5A10T10J5文档编码:CI7X10P4M1F7 HR1M7Y10K1E8 ZY2A5A10T10J5文档编码:CI7X10P4M1F7 HR1M7Y10K1E8 ZY2A5A10T10J5文档编码:CI7X10P4M1F7 HR1M7Y10K1E8 ZY2A5A10T1
20、0J5文档编码:CI7X10P4M1F7 HR1M7Y10K1E8 ZY2A5A10T10J5文档编码:CI7X10P4M1F7 HR1M7Y10K1E8 ZY2A5A10T10J5文档编码:CI7X10P4M1F7 HR1M7Y10K1E8 ZY2A5A10T10J5文档编码:CI7X10P4M1F7 HR1M7Y10K1E8 ZY2A5A10T10J5文档编码:CI7X10P4M1F7 HR1M7Y10K1E8 ZY2A5A10T10J5文档编码:CI7X10P4M1F7 HR1M7Y10K1E8 ZY2A5A10T10J5文档编码:CI7X10P4M1F7 HR1M7Y10K1E8 ZY
21、2A5A10T10J5文档编码:CI7X10P4M1F7 HR1M7Y10K1E8 ZY2A5A10T10J5文档编码:CI7X10P4M1F7 HR1M7Y10K1E8 ZY2A5A10T10J5文档编码:CI7X10P4M1F7 HR1M7Y10K1E8 ZY2A5A10T10J5文档编码:CI7X10P4M1F7 HR1M7Y10K1E8 ZY2A5A10T10J5文档编码:CI7X10P4M1F7 HR1M7Y10K1E8 ZY2A5A10T10J5文档编码:CI7X10P4M1F7 HR1M7Y10K1E8 ZY2A5A10T10J5文档编码:CI7X10P4M1F7 HR1M7Y1
22、0K1E8 ZY2A5A10T10J5文档编码:CI7X10P4M1F7 HR1M7Y10K1E8 ZY2A5A10T10J5文档编码:CI7X10P4M1F7 HR1M7Y10K1E8 ZY2A5A10T10J54/7 则指地点,如:请看下面例句:1234That 56is the time when my plane arr78在定语从句中又可分为两大类定语从句,即限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语,如果去掉的话,主句的意思就不完整,意义就表述不明。这种句型一般定语从句紧接先行词,如:非限制性定语从句。它与主句的关系不十分密切,只是对其附加说明,
23、也就是讲即便去掉定语从句,句意也不受影响,仍然清晰明了。这样的定语从句要在它和主句之间加一逗文档编码:CI7X10P4M1F7 HR1M7Y10K1E8 ZY2A5A10T10J5文档编码:CI7X10P4M1F7 HR1M7Y10K1E8 ZY2A5A10T10J5文档编码:CI7X10P4M1F7 HR1M7Y10K1E8 ZY2A5A10T10J5文档编码:CI7X10P4M1F7 HR1M7Y10K1E8 ZY2A5A10T10J5文档编码:CI7X10P4M1F7 HR1M7Y10K1E8 ZY2A5A10T10J5文档编码:CI7X10P4M1F7 HR1M7Y10K1E8 ZY2
24、A5A10T10J5文档编码:CI7X10P4M1F7 HR1M7Y10K1E8 ZY2A5A10T10J5文档编码:CI7X10P4M1F7 HR1M7Y10K1E8 ZY2A5A10T10J5文档编码:CI7X10P4M1F7 HR1M7Y10K1E8 ZY2A5A10T10J5文档编码:CI7X10P4M1F7 HR1M7Y10K1E8 ZY2A5A10T10J5文档编码:CI7X10P4M1F7 HR1M7Y10K1E8 ZY2A5A10T10J5文档编码:CI7X10P4M1F7 HR1M7Y10K1E8 ZY2A5A10T10J5文档编码:CI7X10P4M1F7 HR1M7Y10
25、K1E8 ZY2A5A10T10J5文档编码:CI7X10P4M1F7 HR1M7Y10K1E8 ZY2A5A10T10J5文档编码:CI7X10P4M1F7 HR1M7Y10K1E8 ZY2A5A10T10J5文档编码:CI7X10P4M1F7 HR1M7Y10K1E8 ZY2A5A10T10J5文档编码:CI7X10P4M1F7 HR1M7Y10K1E8 ZY2A5A10T10J5文档编码:CI7X10P4M1F7 HR1M7Y10K1E8 ZY2A5A10T10J5文档编码:CI7X10P4M1F7 HR1M7Y10K1E8 ZY2A5A10T10J5文档编码:CI7X10P4M1F7
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