2013届中考英语语法考点知识重点复习3.pdf

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1、1/15 代词(一)知识概要英语中代词可以分为人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、疑问代词、不定代词。人称代词主要有主格和宾格之别。请看下表人称我 你 他 她 它 我们你们他们主格i you he she it we you they 宾格me you him her it us you them 物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词两种。请看下表人称我的你的他的她的它的我们的你们的他们的形容词性my your his her its ours your they 名词性mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs 反身代词可见下表人称我 你 他

2、 她 它 我们你们他们反身代词myself yourself himself herself itself ourselves yourself themselves 指示代词主要有this,that,these,those 疑问代词有：who,whom whose,what,which,还有疑问副词when,how,where,why。不定代词在初中课本中主要有some,any，many,much,each,neither,other,another,all,both,one,none,either(二)正误辨析误 Tom s mother is taller than my.正 Toms

3、mother is taller than mine.析形容词性物主代词可以作定语，也就是讲它可以作形容词，如：my boo k，而这句话的意思是：汤姆的妈妈比我的妈妈高。比较的对象是my mother,也就是 mine。误 We have a lot of homework to do today.So we need two or three hours to finish them.正 We have a lot of homework to do today.So we need two or three hours to finish it.析在应用代词时，要注意人称，格与数的一致性

4、。这里it 所代替的是不可数名词homework，所以应用it。误 He and you should go to the library to return the books.正 You and he should go to the library to return the books.2/15 析这主要是英语习惯上的用法。当两个以上的人称代词并列时其排列顺序一般为you,he,she,I,而复数时为we,you，they:如男女并列时，应先男后女，如：He and she 如果在表示不好意思，承担责任时，单数时用，I,he,she,you,复数时用They,you，we,如：Tom

5、and I are good friends.You,he and I must go to play the game for our team this afternoon.We,you and they have been there before.I,he and you have to pay for it.误 He or his brother is doing their homework.正 He or his brother is doing his homework.析由 either or,neithernor,or 连接两个主语时，如果两主语是单数时，用单数代词，如两主

6、语是复数时，用复数代词，如：Either teachers or students want to do their best to help the old man.如是一单一复两名词时，一般将单数名词放在前，复数名词放在后，要用复数代词，如：The teacher or his students will clean their classroom together.误 His brother is taller than him.正 His brother is taller than he.析 than 是连词，其后应视为省略句，than he is.所以要注意区分其主格与宾格的用法。

7、I like you as much as she.正 I like you as much as her.析 asas 其后也应看作是省略句。应为as I like her.所以应用宾格。而第一句应译为我像她那样喜欢你。两句语法都是对的但含义不同。误 Myself did it yesterday.正 I myself did it yesterday.正 I did it myself yesterday.析反身代词不可作主语，但可以用作主语的同位语。误 Take care of ourselves.正 Take care of yourselves.(yourself)析祈始句的主语应看

8、作第二人称you.误 Please bring your daughter with yourself.正 Please bring your daughter with you.析反身代词不能作介词宾语，除非是由不及物动词与介词组成的动词短语，如：The old 文档编码:CJ4G5H9E2I5 HW1Y9Q9M4G8 ZC7D5J6G4C6文档编码:CJ4G5H9E2I5 HW1Y9Q9M4G8 ZC7D5J6G4C6文档编码:CJ4G5H9E2I5 HW1Y9Q9M4G8 ZC7D5J6G4C6文档编码:CJ4G5H9E2I5 HW1Y9Q9M4G8 ZC7D5J6G4C6文档编码:CJ

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15、e.正 Make yourself at home.析这是英语中的习惯用法，意为“像在家里一样”。这样的用法还有：enjoy oneself 玩得开心make yourself at home 像在家中一样help yourself to something 自己拿某物lost oneself 迷路seat oneself 就坐 dress oneself 穿衣误 Whos this speaking.Thats Mary.正 Whos that speaking.This is Mary.析在电话用语中，this 指讲话人自己，而that 指对方。误 The days in summer a

16、re longer than this in winter.正 The days in summer are longer than those in winter.析 在比较句中往往为了避免重复，可以用 that 或 those 取代前面提到的事物，如是单数时用 that,复数时用those，如：The weather in Beijing is hotter than that in Chang Chun.误 It is so a good book that everyone likes to read.正 It is such a good book that everyone lik

17、es to read.正 It is so good a book that everyone likes to read.析在可数名词单数时可用so+形容词+不定冠词+名词+that 从句，也可用such+不定冠词+形容词+that 从句。在不可数名词或可数名词复数时，只用 such,如：It is such good weather that I want to go swimming.They are such good books that I want to buy them all.在 many,much,few,little 这 4 个词前仅能用so,如：She has so m

18、uch money that she can buy everything she wants.而在 so 与 that 之间仅存形容词时，则不能用such,如:She is so sweet that everyone likes her.误 I want to buy a same dictionary as yours.正 I want to buy the same dictionary as yours.析 same 与定冠词 the 是固定搭配不可更改。这样的用法还有all the same(仍然)。误 I hope she might pass the exam.I dont h

19、ope so.正 I hope she might pass the exam.I hope not.析 在作肯定回答时，I think so.I hope so.I believe so.但作否定回答时为：I dont think so.I hope/believe not.文档编码:CJ4G5H9E2I5 HW1Y9Q9M4G8 ZC7D5J6G4C6文档编码:CJ4G5H9E2I5 HW1Y9Q9M4G8 ZC7D5J6G4C6文档编码:CJ4G5H9E2I5 HW1Y9Q9M4G8 ZC7D5J6G4C6文档编码:CJ4G5H9E2I5 HW1Y9Q9M4G8 ZC7D5J6G4C6文

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26、she did.正 He studied very hard this term.So did she.误 English is difficult to learn.So is it.正 English is difficult to learn.So it is.析在对话中如果某一动作同时适用于两个主语，这时在答语中要用缩写且要用倒装句。如第一组句，即 studied hard 既适用于he,也适用于she.但答语仅仅是对前句的重复，即仅仅是第一句的缩写时则不要用倒装句。如第二组句子为：英语难学。答语为：是的，难学。这时缩写的答语不要用倒装句。误 Everyone should do on

27、es best.正 Everyone should do his best.析 one 作代词时，它的复数形式是ones,所有格形式是ones，反身代词为oneself.如果讲One should do ones best.则是对句。如果one 与别的词组成其他词，如：someone,anyone,everyone 或 only one 则要用 his/her，来作其所有格形式。误 Who won the game?None.正 Who won the game?No one.析由 who 提问的句子的否定回答中的简略说法是no one,而由 How many 提问的句子的否定回答中的简略语是

28、None.如：How many books are there?None.误 There are many trees on either sides of the street.正 There are many trees on either side of the street.正 There are many trees on both sides of the street.析 either 作代词时由两个含意，其一是两者中随便哪一个，如：You can take either.其二是两者中的每一个。但要注意的是either 后要加单数名词，如果作主语则谓语动词也要用单数形式。误 Ei

29、ther you or I are right.正 Either you or I am right.析 在 either or,或 neither nor 连接两个主语时，其谓语动词要与和其相近的那个主语相配。误 I have three sisters.Neither of them is a doctor.正 I have three sisters.None of them is a doctor.析 neither 用于两者中无一是，而none 则用于多于两者中的人或事物无一是。文档编码:CJ4G5H9E2I5 HW1Y9Q9M4G8 ZC7D5J6G4C6文档编码:CJ4G5H9E

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33、5J6G4C6文档编码:CJ4G5H9E2I5 HW1Y9Q9M4G8 ZC7D5J6G4C6文档编码:CJ4G5H9E2I5 HW1Y9Q9M4G8 ZC7D5J6G4C6文档编码:CJ4G5H9E2I5 HW1Y9Q9M4G8 ZC7D5J6G4C6文档编码:CJ4G5H9E2I5 HW1Y9Q9M4G8 ZC7D5J6G4C6文档编码:CJ4G5H9E2I5 HW1Y9Q9M4G8 ZC7D5J6G4C6文档编码:CJ4G5H9E2I5 HW1Y9Q9M4G8 ZC7D5J6G4C6文档编码:CJ4G5H9E2I5 HW1Y9Q9M4G8 ZC7D5J6G4C6文档编码:CJ4G5H9E

34、2I5 HW1Y9Q9M4G8 ZC7D5J6G4C6文档编码:CJ4G5H9E2I5 HW1Y9Q9M4G8 ZC7D5J6G4C6文档编码:CJ4G5H9E2I5 HW1Y9Q9M4G8 ZC7D5J6G4C6文档编码:CJ4G5H9E2I5 HW1Y9Q9M4G8 ZC7D5J6G4C6文档编码:CJ4G5H9E2I5 HW1Y9Q9M4G8 ZC7D5J6G4C6文档编码:CJ4G5H9E2I5 HW1Y9Q9M4G8 ZC7D5J6G4C6文档编码:CJ4G5H9E2I5 HW1Y9Q9M4G8 ZC7D5J6G4C6文档编码:CJ4G5H9E2I5 HW1Y9Q9M4G8 ZC7D

35、5J6G4C6文档编码:CJ4G5H9E2I5 HW1Y9Q9M4G8 ZC7D5J6G4C6文档编码:CJ4G5H9E2I5 HW1Y9Q9M4G8 ZC7D5J6G4C6文档编码:CJ4G5H9E2I5 HW1Y9Q9M4G8 ZC7D5J6G4C6文档编码:CJ4G5H9E2I5 HW1Y9Q9M4G8 ZC7D5J6G4C6文档编码:CJ4G5H9E2I5 HW1Y9Q9M4G8 ZC7D5J6G4C6文档编码:CJ4G5H9E2I5 HW1Y9Q9M4G8 ZC7D5J6G4C6文档编码:CJ4G5H9E2I5 HW1Y9Q9M4G8 ZC7D5J6G4C6文档编码:CJ4G5H9E

36、2I5 HW1Y9Q9M4G8 ZC7D5J6G4C6文档编码:CJ4G5H9E2I5 HW1Y9Q9M4G8 ZC7D5J6G4C65/15 误 He doesnt like Beijing opera.I dont like too.正 He doesnt like Beijing opera,I dont like either.析 either 作为“也”讲时，要用于否定句中，而too 则用于肯定句中。误 We like both this little boy.正 We both like this little boy.析 both 作同位语时，它在句中的位置有：在be 动词之后，

37、如：We are both students.在实意动词之前，如：The parents both want to go to the cinema.用于第一助动词之后，如：We have both read these English novels.使用时要注意以下句子的实际含意：Both of us are not right.应译为：我们俩不都对。Neither of us is right.才应译为：我俩都不对。又如：I cant give you both of the books.意为：两本书我不能全给你，而 I cant give you either of the books.

38、才为：两本书我全不能给你。误 We each has a ticket for the concert.正 We each have a ticket for the concert.析each 作句子主语时其谓语动词要用单数形式，如：Each of us wants to learn English well，但 each 作同位语时，则应以原名词的数为准。误 Every of us has to pass the exam.正 Each of us has to pass the exam.析 every 只可作形容词，不可作代词，而each 既可作形容词，又可作代词，在作形容词时 eac

39、h 侧重强调个体，而every 则侧重于全体。误 Everyone of us should do housework two hours a day.正 Every one of us should do housework two hours a day.析 everyone 不可与 of 结构相连接使用，而every one 则可以这样用。误 I should read English everyday.正 I should read English every day.析 要注意的是every day 是“每天”，而 everyday 则是形容词为“日常的”。如：everyday En

40、glish日常英语，everyday life 日常生活。误 There are trees on every sides of the street.正 There are trees on each side of the street.析 every 用于三者或三者以上的每一个，而 each 用于二者或二者以上的每一个。因为街道只有两侧，所以只能用each 而不能用every.文档编码:CJ4G5H9E2I5 HW1Y9Q9M4G8 ZC7D5J6G4C6文档编码:CJ4G5H9E2I5 HW1Y9Q9M4G8 ZC7D5J6G4C6文档编码:CJ4G5H9E2I5 HW1Y9Q9M4G

41、8 ZC7D5J6G4C6文档编码:CJ4G5H9E2I5 HW1Y9Q9M4G8 ZC7D5J6G4C6文档编码:CJ4G5H9E2I5 HW1Y9Q9M4G8 ZC7D5J6G4C6文档编码:CJ4G5H9E2I5 HW1Y9Q9M4G8 ZC7D5J6G4C6文档编码:CJ4G5H9E2I5 HW1Y9Q9M4G8 ZC7D5J6G4C6文档编码:CJ4G5H9E2I5 HW1Y9Q9M4G8 ZC7D5J6G4C6文档编码:CJ4G5H9E2I5 HW1Y9Q9M4G8 ZC7D5J6G4C6文档编码:CJ4G5H9E2I5 HW1Y9Q9M4G8 ZC7D5J6G4C6文档编码:CJ

42、4G5H9E2I5 HW1Y9Q9M4G8 ZC7D5J6G4C6文档编码:CJ4G5H9E2I5 HW1Y9Q9M4G8 ZC7D5J6G4C6文档编码:CJ4G5H9E2I5 HW1Y9Q9M4G8 ZC7D5J6G4C6文档编码:CJ4G5H9E2I5 HW1Y9Q9M4G8 ZC7D5J6G4C6文档编码:CJ4G5H9E2I5 HW1Y9Q9M4G8 ZC7D5J6G4C6文档编码:CJ4G5H9E2I5 HW1Y9Q9M4G8 ZC7D5J6G4C6文档编码:CJ4G5H9E2I5 HW1Y9Q9M4G8 ZC7D5J6G4C6文档编码:CJ4G5H9E2I5 HW1Y9Q9M4G

43、8 ZC7D5J6G4C6文档编码:CJ4G5H9E2I5 HW1Y9Q9M4G8 ZC7D5J6G4C6文档编码:CJ4G5H9E2I5 HW1Y9Q9M4G8 ZC7D5J6G4C6文档编码:CJ4G5H9E2I5 HW1Y9Q9M4G8 ZC7D5J6G4C6文档编码:CJ4G5H9E2I5 HW1Y9Q9M4G8 ZC7D5J6G4C6文档编码:CJ4G5H9E2I5 HW1Y9Q9M4G8 ZC7D5J6G4C6文档编码:CJ4G5H9E2I5 HW1Y9Q9M4G8 ZC7D5J6G4C6文档编码:CJ4G5H9E2I5 HW1Y9Q9M4G8 ZC7D5J6G4C6文档编码:CJ

44、4G5H9E2I5 HW1Y9Q9M4G8 ZC7D5J6G4C6文档编码:CJ4G5H9E2I5 HW1Y9Q9M4G8 ZC7D5J6G4C6文档编码:CJ4G5H9E2I5 HW1Y9Q9M4G8 ZC7D5J6G4C6文档编码:CJ4G5H9E2I5 HW1Y9Q9M4G8 ZC7D5J6G4C6文档编码:CJ4G5H9E2I5 HW1Y9Q9M4G8 ZC7D5J6G4C6文档编码:CJ4G5H9E2I5 HW1Y9Q9M4G8 ZC7D5J6G4C6文档编码:CJ4G5H9E2I5 HW1Y9Q9M4G8 ZC7D5J6G4C6文档编码:CJ4G5H9E2I5 HW1Y9Q9M4G

45、8 ZC7D5J6G4C6文档编码:CJ4G5H9E2I5 HW1Y9Q9M4G8 ZC7D5J6G4C6文档编码:CJ4G5H9E2I5 HW1Y9Q9M4G8 ZC7D5J6G4C6文档编码:CJ4G5H9E2I5 HW1Y9Q9M4G8 ZC7D5J6G4C6文档编码:CJ4G5H9E2I5 HW1Y9Q9M4G8 ZC7D5J6G4C6文档编码:CJ4G5H9E2I5 HW1Y9Q9M4G8 ZC7D5J6G4C6文档编码:CJ4G5H9E2I5 HW1Y9Q9M4G8 ZC7D5J6G4C6文档编码:CJ4G5H9E2I5 HW1Y9Q9M4G8 ZC7D5J6G4C6文档编码:CJ

46、4G5H9E2I5 HW1Y9Q9M4G8 ZC7D5J6G4C6文档编码:CJ4G5H9E2I5 HW1Y9Q9M4G8 ZC7D5J6G4C6文档编码:CJ4G5H9E2I5 HW1Y9Q9M4G8 ZC7D5J6G4C6文档编码:CJ4G5H9E2I5 HW1Y9Q9M4G8 ZC7D5J6G4C6文档编码:CJ4G5H9E2I5 HW1Y9Q9M4G8 ZC7D5J6G4C6文档编码:CJ4G5H9E2I5 HW1Y9Q9M4G8 ZC7D5J6G4C6文档编码:CJ4G5H9E2I5 HW1Y9Q9M4G8 ZC7D5J6G4C6文档编码:CJ4G5H9E2I5 HW1Y9Q9M4G

47、8 ZC7D5J6G4C66/15 误 All my parents are engineers.正 Both my parents are engineers.析 all 用于三者或三者以上的全部，而both 则用于两者的全部。误 All of students might make some mistakes.正 All of the students might make some mistakes.正 All students might make some mistakes.析非特指的名词前可用all 但不可用all of 结构，也就是讲all of 结构后面的名词前一定要有 定冠词

48、。其他与all 有关的习惯用法还有：all the year round,all week,all day,all winter 误 The all village was flooded.正 All the village was flooded.析 all 作修饰语时要用在所有修饰词之前。误 The post office is on other side of the street.正 The post office is on the other side of the street.析单数可数名词如在泛指某一个时用another,而特指时则要用the other,因街道只有两边，而不

49、在这边必定是在另一边，所以要用特指。请参考下表的用法以便于记忆。单数复数泛指another 形容词作定语作名词another 代词other others 特指the other 形容词the other 代词the other the others 误 There are ten students here Where are the others students?正 There are ten students here.Where are the others?正 There are ten students here Where are the other students?析 th

50、e others=the other students.误 The old man has two sons.One i s a teacher,another is a doctor.正 The old man has two sons.One is a teacher,the other is a doctor.析another 用于泛指，如：Is it far from here to the station?Im sorry.I have no idea.One may say it is quite near。another may say it is far from here.但