2020年高考英语语法考点讲解与真题分析专题6:定语从句(一).pdf
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1、2020年高考高考语法考点讲解与真题分析06 定语从句(一)在主句中作定语的句子叫定语从句。定语从句又分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两种。考点一定语从句关系词的选择定语从句关系词的选择是定语从句的重点和难点。关系词分为关系代词和关系副词,关系词替代先行词在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语或状语。关系词的选择可从两个方面入手:一是关系词在从句中所作的成分;二是先行词所指。关系词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语时,用关系代词;关系词在从句中作状语时,用关系副词。先行词指人时,关系代词用who,whom,that,whose;先行词指物时,关系代词用which,that,whose。详见下表
2、:关系词在从句中充当的成分先行词关系代词who 主语、宾语、表语人whom 宾语人which 主语、宾语、表语物that 主语、宾语、表语人或物whose 定语人或物关系副词when 状语时间where 状语地点why 状语原因1.关系代词who,whom,which,that 引导定语从句关系代词who,whom,which,that在从句中作主语、宾语、表语。1.The little problems _ we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.(2017 北京)A.that B.as C.wh
3、ere D.when【答案】A【解析】这是一个复合句,主句是 The little problems may be inspirations for great inventions,从句是 _ we meet in our daily lives。从句修饰主句中的problem,是定语从句;关系词在从句中作meet 的宾语,应用关系代词,故用that。2 The exact year Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008.(2014 安徽)A.When B.where C.why D.which【答案】D 第 1 页,共
4、 8 页【解析】这是一个复合句,主句是The exact year was 2008,从句是 _ Angela and her family spent together in China。从句修饰主句中的The exact year,是定语从句;关系词在从句中作spent的宾语,应用关系代词,故用which。3.Among the many dangers _ sailors have to face,probably the greatest of all is fog.(2014 江西)A.which B.what C.where D.when【答案】A【解析】这是一个复合句,主句是Am
5、ong the many dangers,probably the greatest of all is fog,从句是_ sailors have to face。从句修饰主句中的dangers,是定语从句;关系词在从句中作have to face 的宾语,应用关系代词,故用which。4.Happiness and success often come to those _ are good at recognizing their own strengths.(2013 湖南)A.whom B.who C.what D.which【答案】B【解析】这是一个复合句,主句是Happiness
6、 and success often come to those,从句是 _ are good at recognizing their own strengths。从句修饰主句中的those,是定语从句;关系词在从句中作主语,应用关系代词,those 指人,故用who。5.You ll find taxis waiting at the bus station _ you can hire to reach your host family.(2011 上海)A.which B.where C.when D.as【答案】A【解析】这是一个含有定语从句的复合句。关系词在定语从句中作hire 的
7、宾语,故用关系代词 which。这里一定要注意关系词在从句中的作用,否则会误将station 看作先行词。注意:在限制性定语从句中,关系代词作宾语可以省略;that 不能引导非限制性定语从句;which 引导非限制性定语从句,可以指代一个名词或代词,也可以指代整个主句。1.She and her family bicycle to work,_ helps them keep fit.(2018 北京)A.which B.who C.as D.that【答案】A【解析】这是一个复合句,主句是She and her family bicycle to work,后面是一个非限制性定语从句,关系代
8、词指代前面整个主句,在从句中作主语,故用which。(which 指代整个主句)2.China Today attracts a worldwide readership,_ shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China.(2015福建)A.who B.whom C.that D.which 第 2 页,共 8 页文档编码:CK10V7L5Z1L2 HL6R9I2B3B2 ZZ6N7F4Q4X4文档编码:CK10V7L5Z1L2 HL6R9I2B3B2 ZZ6N7F4Q4X4文档编码:C
9、K10V7L5Z1L2 HL6R9I2B3B2 ZZ6N7F4Q4X4文档编码:CK10V7L5Z1L2 HL6R9I2B3B2 ZZ6N7F4Q4X4文档编码:CK10V7L5Z1L2 HL6R9I2B3B2 ZZ6N7F4Q4X4文档编码:CK10V7L5Z1L2 HL6R9I2B3B2 ZZ6N7F4Q4X4文档编码:CK10V7L5Z1L2 HL6R9I2B3B2 ZZ6N7F4Q4X4文档编码:CK10V7L5Z1L2 HL6R9I2B3B2 ZZ6N7F4Q4X4文档编码:CK10V7L5Z1L2 HL6R9I2B3B2 ZZ6N7F4Q4X4文档编码:CK10V7L5Z1L2 H
10、L6R9I2B3B2 ZZ6N7F4Q4X4文档编码:CK10V7L5Z1L2 HL6R9I2B3B2 ZZ6N7F4Q4X4文档编码:CK10V7L5Z1L2 HL6R9I2B3B2 ZZ6N7F4Q4X4文档编码:CK10V7L5Z1L2 HL6R9I2B3B2 ZZ6N7F4Q4X4文档编码:CK10V7L5Z1L2 HL6R9I2B3B2 ZZ6N7F4Q4X4文档编码:CK10V7L5Z1L2 HL6R9I2B3B2 ZZ6N7F4Q4X4文档编码:CK10V7L5Z1L2 HL6R9I2B3B2 ZZ6N7F4Q4X4文档编码:CK10V7L5Z1L2 HL6R9I2B3B2 ZZ
11、6N7F4Q4X4文档编码:CK10V7L5Z1L2 HL6R9I2B3B2 ZZ6N7F4Q4X4文档编码:CK10V7L5Z1L2 HL6R9I2B3B2 ZZ6N7F4Q4X4文档编码:CK10V7L5Z1L2 HL6R9I2B3B2 ZZ6N7F4Q4X4文档编码:CK10V7L5Z1L2 HL6R9I2B3B2 ZZ6N7F4Q4X4文档编码:CK10V7L5Z1L2 HL6R9I2B3B2 ZZ6N7F4Q4X4文档编码:CK10V7L5Z1L2 HL6R9I2B3B2 ZZ6N7F4Q4X4文档编码:CK10V7L5Z1L2 HL6R9I2B3B2 ZZ6N7F4Q4X4文档编码
12、:CK10V7L5Z1L2 HL6R9I2B3B2 ZZ6N7F4Q4X4文档编码:CK10V7L5Z1L2 HL6R9I2B3B2 ZZ6N7F4Q4X4文档编码:CK10V7L5Z1L2 HL6R9I2B3B2 ZZ6N7F4Q4X4文档编码:CK10V7L5Z1L2 HL6R9I2B3B2 ZZ6N7F4Q4X4文档编码:CK10V7L5Z1L2 HL6R9I2B3B2 ZZ6N7F4Q4X4文档编码:CK10V7L5Z1L2 HL6R9I2B3B2 ZZ6N7F4Q4X4文档编码:CK10V7L5Z1L2 HL6R9I2B3B2 ZZ6N7F4Q4X4文档编码:CK10V7L5Z1L2
13、 HL6R9I2B3B2 ZZ6N7F4Q4X4文档编码:CK10V7L5Z1L2 HL6R9I2B3B2 ZZ6N7F4Q4X4文档编码:CK10V7L5Z1L2 HL6R9I2B3B2 ZZ6N7F4Q4X4文档编码:CK10V7L5Z1L2 HL6R9I2B3B2 ZZ6N7F4Q4X4文档编码:CK10V7L5Z1L2 HL6R9I2B3B2 ZZ6N7F4Q4X4文档编码:CK10V7L5Z1L2 HL6R9I2B3B2 ZZ6N7F4Q4X4文档编码:CK10V7L5Z1L2 HL6R9I2B3B2 ZZ6N7F4Q4X4文档编码:CK10V7L5Z1L2 HL6R9I2B3B2
14、ZZ6N7F4Q4X4文档编码:CK10V7L5Z1L2 HL6R9I2B3B2 ZZ6N7F4Q4X4文档编码:CK10V7L5Z1L2 HL6R9I2B3B2 ZZ6N7F4Q4X4文档编码:CK10V7L5Z1L2 HL6R9I2B3B2 ZZ6N7F4Q4X4文档编码:CK10V7L5Z1L2 HL6R9I2B3B2 ZZ6N7F4Q4X4文档编码:CK10V7L5Z1L2 HL6R9I2B3B2 ZZ6N7F4Q4X4文档编码:CK10V7L5Z1L2 HL6R9I2B3B2 ZZ6N7F4Q4X4文档编码:CK10V7L5Z1L2 HL6R9I2B3B2 ZZ6N7F4Q4X4文档
15、编码:CK10V7L5Z1L2 HL6R9I2B3B2 ZZ6N7F4Q4X4文档编码:CK10V7L5Z1L2 HL6R9I2B3B2 ZZ6N7F4Q4X4【答案】C【解析】这是一个复合句,主句是 China Today attracts a worldwide readership,后面是一个非限制性定语从句,关系代词指代前面整个主句,在从句中作主语,故用which。(which 指代整个主句)3.I borrowed the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week,_ my classmates recommended to me
16、.(2014 北京)A.who B.which C.when D.where【答案】B【解析】这是一个复合句,主句是I borrowed the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week,后面是一个非限制性定语从句,先行词是the book,关系词在从句中作recommended 的宾语,故用which。(which 指代名词 book)2.关系代词 whose引导定语从句关系代词 whose 在定语从句中作定语,既可指人,也可指物。1.Kate,_ sister I shared a room with when we were at c
17、ollege,has gone to work in Australia.(2018天津)A.whom B.that C.whose D.her【答案】C【解析】这是一个复合句,主句是Kate has gone to work in Australia,从句是 _ sister I shared a room with when we were at college,从句修饰Kate,是定语从句,关系词在从句中作定语,修饰sister,故用 whose。2.My eldest son,_ work takes him all over the world,is in New York at t
18、he moment.(2017天津)A.A.that B.whose C.his D.who【答案】B【解析】这是一个复合句,主句是My eldest son is in New York at the moment,从句是 _ work takes him all over the world,从句修饰son,是定语从句,关系词在从句中作定语,修饰work,故用 whose。3.I live next door to a couple children often make a lot of noise.(2016 北京)A.whose B.why C.where D.which【答案】A【
19、解析】这是一个复合句,主句是I live next door to a couple,从句是 _ children often make a lot of noise,从句修饰couple,是定语从句,关系词在从句中作定语,修饰children,故用 whose。3.关系副词 when,where,why 引导定语从句关系副词替代先行词在从句中作状语,先行词指时间时,关系副词用when,指地点时用第 3 页,共 8 页文档编码:CK10V7L5Z1L2 HL6R9I2B3B2 ZZ6N7F4Q4X4文档编码:CK10V7L5Z1L2 HL6R9I2B3B2 ZZ6N7F4Q4X4文档编码:CK
20、10V7L5Z1L2 HL6R9I2B3B2 ZZ6N7F4Q4X4文档编码:CK10V7L5Z1L2 HL6R9I2B3B2 ZZ6N7F4Q4X4文档编码:CK10V7L5Z1L2 HL6R9I2B3B2 ZZ6N7F4Q4X4文档编码:CK10V7L5Z1L2 HL6R9I2B3B2 ZZ6N7F4Q4X4文档编码:CK10V7L5Z1L2 HL6R9I2B3B2 ZZ6N7F4Q4X4文档编码:CK10V7L5Z1L2 HL6R9I2B3B2 ZZ6N7F4Q4X4文档编码:CK10V7L5Z1L2 HL6R9I2B3B2 ZZ6N7F4Q4X4文档编码:CK10V7L5Z1L2 HL
21、6R9I2B3B2 ZZ6N7F4Q4X4文档编码:CK10V7L5Z1L2 HL6R9I2B3B2 ZZ6N7F4Q4X4文档编码:CK10V7L5Z1L2 HL6R9I2B3B2 ZZ6N7F4Q4X4文档编码:CK10V7L5Z1L2 HL6R9I2B3B2 ZZ6N7F4Q4X4文档编码:CK10V7L5Z1L2 HL6R9I2B3B2 ZZ6N7F4Q4X4文档编码:CK10V7L5Z1L2 HL6R9I2B3B2 ZZ6N7F4Q4X4文档编码:CK10V7L5Z1L2 HL6R9I2B3B2 ZZ6N7F4Q4X4文档编码:CK10V7L5Z1L2 HL6R9I2B3B2 ZZ6
22、N7F4Q4X4文档编码:CK10V7L5Z1L2 HL6R9I2B3B2 ZZ6N7F4Q4X4文档编码:CK10V7L5Z1L2 HL6R9I2B3B2 ZZ6N7F4Q4X4文档编码:CK10V7L5Z1L2 HL6R9I2B3B2 ZZ6N7F4Q4X4文档编码:CK10V7L5Z1L2 HL6R9I2B3B2 ZZ6N7F4Q4X4文档编码:CK10V7L5Z1L2 HL6R9I2B3B2 ZZ6N7F4Q4X4文档编码:CK10V7L5Z1L2 HL6R9I2B3B2 ZZ6N7F4Q4X4文档编码:CK10V7L5Z1L2 HL6R9I2B3B2 ZZ6N7F4Q4X4文档编码:
23、CK10V7L5Z1L2 HL6R9I2B3B2 ZZ6N7F4Q4X4文档编码:CK10V7L5Z1L2 HL6R9I2B3B2 ZZ6N7F4Q4X4文档编码:CK10V7L5Z1L2 HL6R9I2B3B2 ZZ6N7F4Q4X4文档编码:CK10V7L5Z1L2 HL6R9I2B3B2 ZZ6N7F4Q4X4文档编码:CK10V7L5Z1L2 HL6R9I2B3B2 ZZ6N7F4Q4X4文档编码:CK10V7L5Z1L2 HL6R9I2B3B2 ZZ6N7F4Q4X4文档编码:CK10V7L5Z1L2 HL6R9I2B3B2 ZZ6N7F4Q4X4文档编码:CK10V7L5Z1L2
24、HL6R9I2B3B2 ZZ6N7F4Q4X4文档编码:CK10V7L5Z1L2 HL6R9I2B3B2 ZZ6N7F4Q4X4文档编码:CK10V7L5Z1L2 HL6R9I2B3B2 ZZ6N7F4Q4X4文档编码:CK10V7L5Z1L2 HL6R9I2B3B2 ZZ6N7F4Q4X4文档编码:CK10V7L5Z1L2 HL6R9I2B3B2 ZZ6N7F4Q4X4文档编码:CK10V7L5Z1L2 HL6R9I2B3B2 ZZ6N7F4Q4X4文档编码:CK10V7L5Z1L2 HL6R9I2B3B2 ZZ6N7F4Q4X4文档编码:CK10V7L5Z1L2 HL6R9I2B3B2 Z
25、Z6N7F4Q4X4文档编码:CK10V7L5Z1L2 HL6R9I2B3B2 ZZ6N7F4Q4X4文档编码:CK10V7L5Z1L2 HL6R9I2B3B2 ZZ6N7F4Q4X4文档编码:CK10V7L5Z1L2 HL6R9I2B3B2 ZZ6N7F4Q4X4文档编码:CK10V7L5Z1L2 HL6R9I2B3B2 ZZ6N7F4Q4X4文档编码:CK10V7L5Z1L2 HL6R9I2B3B2 ZZ6N7F4Q4X4文档编码:CK10V7L5Z1L2 HL6R9I2B3B2 ZZ6N7F4Q4X4文档编码:CK10V7L5Z1L2 HL6R9I2B3B2 ZZ6N7F4Q4X4文档编
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