人教版（2019） 必修第三册 Unit 4 Space Exploration Discovering Useful Structures & Listening and Talking-课件（25.pptx

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1、英语 必修第三册 RJUnit 4Space ExplorationPeriod Discovering Useful Structures&Listening and Talking0102句子控模块导航词汇斩03语法汇定向练1在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。1Though _(lack)experience,he was willing to work hard.2For lack _ money,the project had to be stopped.【解析】1lacking设空处和句子的主语he之间是逻辑上的主动关系，应用动词的现在分词形式。句意为：尽管缺乏经验，

2、但他愿意努力工作。2offor lack of 意为“由于缺乏”，为固定搭配。句意为：由于缺乏资金，这项工程被迫终止了。词汇斩3You may be inexperienced but none of that makes things worse than your walking into that interview room _(lack)in confidence.4_ lack of care from family members resulted in his problems.【解析】3lackingbe lacking in 意为“缺乏”，此处应用形容词短语作伴随状语。4A

3、句意为：家人关心的缺失导致了他的问题。词汇斩定向练2一、在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。1Seize the chance,otherwise you _(regret)it.2I was ill that day,otherwise I _(take)part in the sports meeting.【解析】1.will regret“祈使句otherwise简单句”结构中，简单句多用一般将来时。句意为：抓住机会，否则你会后悔的。2would have takenotherwise表相反的假设，其后的从句要用虚拟语气，根据I was ill that day可推知，“我”参加运动会与过

4、去事实相反。句意为：我那天生病了，要不然我会参加运动会的。词汇斩二、写出下列各句中otherwise或相关短语的含义。1.The rent is high,but otherwise the house is satisfactory.()2.Well go early,otherwise we may not get a seat.()3.We welcome any comments from viewers,favourable or otherwise.()【解析】1.在其他方面2.否则3.或相反词汇斩定向练3写出下列各句中画线词或短语的含义。1If you want to impro

5、ve your figure and health,the most effective thing to do is show up at the gym every time you can be there.()2It was pouring outside then,so I figured you couldnt come to my party.()【解析】1身材2.认为词汇斩3It was foggy,so it was hard to make out the figures of people walking.()4The report is based on figures

6、 of the income from six different cities.()5Whenever the baby cried,I needed to figure out the reason:Was the little one hungry or did he need to sleep?()【解析】3.人影4.数字5.弄清楚；弄明白词汇斩句子控定向练在空白处填入1个适当的单词。1The number of smokers,_ is reported,has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.2_ is known to us all

7、that the old scientist,for _ life was hard in the past,still works hard in his eighties.3_ is often the case,we come up with a perfect idea together to solve the problem.【解析】1as分析句子成分可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，指代主句，表示“正如”，故用关系代词as。2It;whom本句中that引导主语从句，应用It作形式主语；that从句中包含“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句，修饰先行词scientist，指人，用who

8、m。3As设空处引导非限制性定语从句，指代主句，并在从句中作主语，且位于句首，故用As。句子控4Bamboo is hollow(空心的),_ makes it very light.5_ has happened in some countries,a war is so cruel that it always causes great losses.6A container weighs more after air is put in,_ proves that air has weight.【解析】4which 设空处引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整句话的内容，从句中缺少主语，表示“

9、这件事”，故用关系代词which。5As设空处引导非限制性定语从句，指代主句的内容，并在从句中作主语，且位于句首，故用As。6which设空处引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整句话的内容；从句中缺少主语，表示“这一点”，故用关系代词which。定向练1在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。1课标全国2019改编Modern methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid1980s,and are expensive _(perform)consistently over a large

10、area.2The old city is believed _(cover)over by sandstorms from 200 CE to 400 CE.语法汇【解析】1to perform根据“主语beadj.to do”结构，此处应用动词不定式，且用主动形式表被动意义。句意为：跟踪北极熊数量的现代方法从20世纪80年代中期才被运用，并且在大面积范围内持续进行的成本很高。2to have been coveredsb/sth is believed to do/to have done是固定用法，表示“人们认为某人/某物”，此处cover表示的动作发生在公元200年到公元400年间，表

11、示动作已经完成，应用不定式的完成式；因为古城是被掩埋的，故应用不定式完成式的被动形式。3She glanced at the faces around her,hoping to find the tall man.But he was nowhere _(see).4When the boss came in,the workers pretended _(work)hard on their machines.5The disease is said _(be)the biggest challenge to the people in the area over the past few

12、 years.语法汇【解析】3to be seenbe nowhere to be seen为固定用法，意为“哪儿也找不到；无处可寻”。4to be workingpretend to do sth为固定搭配，根据语境可知，此处表示动作正在进行，应用不定式的进行式。句意为：老板进来时，工人们假装正在机器上努力工作。5to have beensth is said to be是常用句式，over the past few years表明此处表示的动作先于is said发生，应该用不定式的完成式。句意为：据说，这种疾病是过去几年来该地区的人面临的最大挑战。6Yeti is reported _(s

13、ee)in the Himalayas for centuries.语法汇【解析】6to have been seensb/sth be reported to do 是常用句式，其中动词不定式作主语补足语。本句中表达的是雪人在喜马拉雅山生活了几个世纪，表示动作从过去开始一直持续到现在，所以要用动词不定式的完成式。Yeti与动词see之间是逻辑上的被动关系，因此要用to have been seen。句意为：据报道，几个世纪以来，在喜马拉雅山脉不断有人发现雪人的踪迹。7All the students got very excited at the news that the scientis

14、t,who was reported _(win)the Nobel Prize,was coming to their school.8The study,from academics at Harvard,claims _(produce)the first clear evidence showing that when temperatures go up,school performance goes down.语法汇【解析】7to have won句意为：听说了那位被报道获得诺贝尔奖的科学家要来他们学校的消息，所有的学生都很兴奋。此处be reported to do sth为固定

15、句式，且此处win的动作发生在report之前，所以应用动词不定式的完成式。8to have produced句意为：这项来自哈佛大学教师的研究声称，它首次提供了明确的证据表明气温升高时，学业表现会下降。claim to do sth表示“声称做某事”，而且produce这个动作发生在claims之前，故应用不定式的完成式。9The two passengers occupying seats were reported _(ban)from taking trains for 180 days.10课标全国2020改编Chinese researchers hope to use the i

16、nstruments onboard Change4 _(find)and study areas of the South PoleAitken basin.语法汇【解析】9to have been banned句意为：据报道，占座的两名乘客180天内被禁止乘坐火车。sb be reported to do是固定结构。根据句意可知，“被禁止乘坐火车”已经发生，应使用动词不定式的完成式。ban与其逻辑主语passengers之间为被动关系，故应用被动式。10to find句意为：中国的研究者希望使用嫦娥四号上的设备来发现和研究南极艾特肯盆地。此处表示目的，应使用不定式作目的状语。故填to fi

17、nd。定向练2在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。1课标全国2019改编Picking up her“Lifetime Achievement”award,proud Irene declared she had no plans _(retire)from her 36yearold business.2What is the best way you can imagine _(reduce)the overuse of water in our school?3课标全国2020改编They are easy _(care)for and make great presents.语法汇【解析

18、】1to retire此处用不定式短语作后置定语，用来修饰前面的名词plans，表示“的计划”。2to reduce分析句子结构可知，you can imagine是插入语，way后常接动词不定式作后置定语。3to care句意为：它们很容易打理，也很适合作为礼物。这里考查“be形容词to do”结构。故填to care。4We had better put off interviewing the athlete,for he is busy preparing for an international contest _(hold)in Shanghai next month.5In 20

19、12,Sun Yang became the first Chinese man _(win)an Olympic gold medal in swimming.6In the“moon garden”aboard the Change4,the shoots of cotton marked the first live matter ever _(grow)on the moon.语法汇【解析】4to be held根据时间状语next month可知，事情还未发生，此处contest和hold之间是逻辑上的被动关系，故应用动词不定式的被动式作后置定语。5to win当名词前面有序数词修饰

20、的时候，通常要用不定式作后置定语。6to be grown当名词前面有序数词修饰的时候，通常要用不定式作后置定语。the first to do sth意为“第一个做某事的”，matter和grow之间是逻辑上的被动关系，所以此处应用动词不定式的被动式作后置定语。7No offence,but I want to say that the driver is not the one _(blame)for the accident.8It was officially reported that the first mammal _(clone)successfully from an adu

21、lt cell was Dolly the sheep.语法汇【解析】7to blame句意为：无意冒犯，但我想说这次事故不应该怪司机。be to blame意为“受到责备”。8to be cloned句意为：据官方报道，第一只成功用成年体细胞克隆出的哺乳动物是多莉羊。此处mammal和clone之间是逻辑上的被动关系，故应用动词不定式的被动式作后置定语。9The lecture _(follow)will include the radical changes brought about by the French Revolution.10Meyer and his team were t

22、he first people _(show)how the disease spreads from animals to humans.语法汇【解析】9to followlecture后是非谓语动词作后置定语，follow在此处意为“(指时间或顺序)在后发生”，与lecture之间是逻辑上的主动关系，根据句中的will可知，非谓语动作即将发生，故应用不定式作后置定语。10to showthe first后面用不定式作后置定语，show与被修饰的名词构成逻辑上的主动关系，故应用动词不定式作后置定语。定向练3在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。1Group activities will be

23、organised after class _(help)children develop team spirit.2More TV programmes,according to government officials,will be produced _(raise)peoples awareness of food safety.3Many airlines now allow passengers to print their boarding passes online _(save)their valuable time.语法汇【解析】1to help句意为：课后会安排一些小组活

24、动来帮助孩子们培养团队精神。2to raise句意为：政府官员表示，将会制作更多的电视节目来增强人们的食品安全意识。3to save句意为：现在许多航空公司允许乘客自己在网上打印登机牌，来节省他们宝贵的时间。4_(teach)the cub to find his own food,people working at the centre hid fruit in tree branches.5He realises that something must be changed _(make)sure handmade New Year paintings live on.6He rushed

25、 to the airport,only _(tell)that the film star had left.7Mary hurried back only _(find)the front door closed.语法汇【解析】4To teach句意为：为了教会这只幼兽觅食，在该中心工作的人将水果藏在树枝之间。5to make句意为：他意识到为了使手工制作的年画继续存在，必须对某些事情进行改变。6to be told句意为：他匆忙赶到机场，结果被告知电影明星已经走了。动词不定式与only连用作结果状语，表示意料之外的结果；tell 和主语He之间是逻辑上的被动关系，故应用动词不定式的被动式

26、。7to find句意为：玛丽匆忙赶了回来，结果却发现前门锁上了。动词不定式与only连用作结果状语，表示意料之外的结果。8It rained heavily,_(cause)severe flooding in that country.9He cut off the electricity quickly,_(prevent)an accident.10Im sorry _(take)up so much of your valuable time.语法汇【解析】8causing句意为：大雨滂沱，造成了那个国家洪水泛滥。现在分词短语作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果。9preventing句意

27、为：他迅速切断了电源，避免了一起意外事故。现在分词短语作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果。10to have taken句意为：占用了你那么多宝贵时间，我感到很抱歉。11I am honoured _(invite)to give you a lecture here.12Im surprised _(see)you awaketen minutes ago you were fast asleep.13He was disappointed _(find)theyd already left.He didnt know what to do next.语法汇【解析】11to have been invited句意为：我很荣幸受邀来此给你们作讲座。12to see句意为：看到你醒了我很惊讶十分钟前你睡得还很熟。13to find句意为：他失望地发现他们已经走了。他不知道下一步要怎么办。