了不起的盖茨比解读优秀PPT.ppt

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1、The Great GatsbyF.Scott FitzgeraldA spokesman of the“Jazz Age”The Great GatsbyArrangement1.Background2.Fitzgerald3.The Great Gatsby Plotline Character Analysis Theme SymbolsBackgroundv-1920s-vTheFirstWorldWar;ThesenseoflifebeingdislocatedandfragmentedvEconomicboomvSocialrevelutionvThelossoffaithv-19

2、30s-vTheGreatDepressionJazz Age&The Roaring 1920svThe Jazz Age describes the period of the 1920s and 1930s.The 1920s began with high hopes.World War One was over.The twenties ended with a huge drop in stock market prices that began the Great Depression.Fitzgerald was a representative of the years of

3、 fast living in between.vThe nations values had changed in this period.Many Americans were concerned mainly with having a good time and doing what you will.American society enjoyed unprecedented levels of prosperity.People broke the law by drinking alcohol and lived in a corrupt society.They danced

4、to jazz music,and women wore short skirts.JazzAgevThenovelistF.ScottFitzgeraldcoinedtheterm“JazzAge”retrospectivelytorefertothedecadeafterWorldWarandbeforethestockmarketcrashin1929,duringwhichAmericansembarkeduponwhathecalled“thegaudiest（最华而不实（最华而不实的）的）spreeinhistory”.TheLostGenerationvGertrudeStein

5、-HemingwayvThelostgenerationincludedtheyoungEnglishandAmericanexpatriatesaswellasmenandwomencaughtinthewarandcutfromtheoldvalueandyetunabletocometotermswiththenewerawhencivilizationshadgonemad.vThesewritersadoptedunconventionalstyleofwritingandreactedagainstthetendenciesoftheoldwritersinthe1920s.vOf

6、 his own time,Fitzgerald said:There seemed no question about what was going to happen.America was going on the greatest party in its history and there was going to be plenty to tell about.Yet if he described only the party,his writings would have been forgotten when the party ended.FrancisScottFitzg

7、erald(1896-1940)Americannovelistandshort-storywriter,isborninSt.Paul,Minnesota.Bornofmiddle-classparents,Fitzgeraldattendedprivateschools,enteringPrincetonin1913.HebecamepartoftheTriangleClub,aintellectualsetanddevelopingareputation.Hewasplacedonacademicprobation(留留校察看校察看)inhisjunioryear,andin1917he

8、leftPrincetontojointhearmy.WhilestationedinMontgomery,Alabama,hemetandfellinlovewithZeldaSayre(泽尔达泽尔达塞尔塞尔),thedaughteroflocaljudge.Duringthattime,hebeganworkingonhisfirstnovel,TheSideOfParadise.Publishedin1920,thenovelwasaninstantsuccessandbroughthimenoughmoneytomarryZeldathatsameyear.Theyoungcouple

9、movedtoNewYorkCity,wheretheybecamenotoriousfortheirmadcap（鲁莽的，傲岸的）（鲁莽的，傲岸的）lifestyle.Thecharm,glowandthepathosoftheirflamboyant（炫（炫耀的）耀的）lifetogetherhadbeenaninspirationforFitzgerald.Butthecouplewerealsofightingeachotherallthetime.Zeldabegantohavebreakdown,andhadtobeputinamentalinstitution（精神病院）（精神病

10、院）.Thisoccurredintheearlythirties-itwasatragictime.FitzgeraldhadtowritehardertoearnmoremoneytosendZeldatothebestmentalhospitalandtheirdaughter,Scottie,tothebestandmostfashionableschool.Threethingseventuallycombinedtobreakhimdown:loneliness,alcoholandtheawarenessthathewasdissipatinghistalent.In1940,a

11、ttheageof44,hedied,offrustration.vCommissionedasa2ndlieutenantinWWIvJune1918-assignednearMontegomery,Al.vFellinlovewith18yearoldZeldaSayre,dischargedin1919-wenttoN.YtoseekfortuneinordertomarryZelda.Zelda-inlovewithFitzgerald-wouldnotmarryhimunlesshewaswealthyvFitzgeraldwrotenovelThis Side of Paradis

12、e&gotitpublished.BegantopublishstoriesinThe Saturday Evening Post&withpublicationofParadise,Fitzgeraldfoundovernightsuccess.F.Scott&Zelda aftertheir weddingvMarriedZeldaandbegananextravagant&wildlifestylevlivedinN.Y.&wrote2ndnovel,The Beautiful and The Damned,v1sttriptoEuropethensettledinSt.Paulwher

13、eFrancesScott(Scottie),theironlychildwasbornv1922-movedtoGreatNeck,LongIsland-drinkingincreasedforbothFitzgeraldsbutF.Scottwrotesober-apainstakingreviservWroteinaclear,lyrical,colorful,wittystylev2ndmajorthemeismutabilityorlossvBecameassociatedwith“TheJazzAge”.“Itwasanageofmiracles,itwasanageofart,i

14、twasanageofexcess,anditwasanageofsatire”vWenttoFrancein24andwroteThe Great Gatsby-publishedin1925vThe Great Gatsby-strikingadvanceinFitzgeraldstechnique-complexstructure&controllednarativepointofview-criticalpraisebutdisappointingsales.vInParis,metHemingway,anexpatriate,&stayedinParistil1926vZeldasb

15、ehaviorbecameincreasinglyeccentric in1930shesufferedher1stbreakdown.Fitzgeraldwroteshortstoriestopayforherdoctorsfeesv1932Zeldahadrelapse&spentrestofherlifein&outofsanitariums.v1934,Fitzgeraldpublishedhis4thnovel,Tender is the Night-acommercialfailurev1937-FitzgeraldwenttoHollywoodalonewithacontract

16、fromMGM,eventuallyearning$1,250/wk.vDiedofaheartattackonDec.21,1940vZeldadiedinfireinahospitalin1948vF.ScottFitzgeralddiedbelievinghimselfafailure.Obituarieswerecondescending&heseemeddestinedforliteraryobscurityThis Side Of Paradise 人间天堂人间天堂Flappers And Philosopher 时髦女和哲学家时髦女和哲学家The Beautiful And Th

17、e Damned 美丽与诅咒美丽与诅咒The Great Gatsby 了不得的盖茨比了不得的盖茨比Tender Is The Night 夜色和顺夜色和顺The Great GatsbyPlotOverviewvGatsbyisapooryouthfallinlovewithDaisy,awealthygirlvnomoneyDaisymarriedtoarichmanvbootlegging（非法制造私酒）（非法制造私酒）,“shady”activitiesenoughmoney,dazzlingpartiesalluringDaisyvmeetagain,notquitetheideal

18、loveofhisdreamasenseoflossvDaisykillsawomaninanaccidentshifttheblametoGatsbyGatsbyisshootandBuchanansescape.The Great GatsbyvThesettingofThe Great GatsbyisNewYorkCityandLongIslandduringthe1920s.vNickCarraway,thenarrator,isayoungPrincetonman,whoworksasabondbrokerinManhattan.Hebecomesinvolvedinthelife

19、ofhisneighboratLongIsland.vJayGatsby,shadyandmysteriousfinancier,whoisentertaininghundredsofguestsatlavishparties.GatsbyrevealstoNick,thatheandNickscousinDaisyFayBuchanan,hadabriefaffairbeforethewar.However,DaisymarriedTomBuchanan,arichbutboringmanofsocialposition.The Great GatsbyvGatsbylostDaisybec

20、ausehehadnomoney,butheisstillinlovewithher.HepersuadesNicktobringhimandDaisytogetheragain.Youcantrepeatthepast,Nicksaystohim.GatsbytriestoconvinceDaisytoleaveTom,who,inturn,revealsthatGatsbyhasmadehismoneyfrombootlegging.Theyrearottenbunch,NickshoutstoGatsby.Youreworththewholedamnbunchputtogether.Da

21、isy,drivingGatsbyscar,hitsandkillsTomsmistress,MyrtleWilson,unawareofheridentity.GatsbyremainssilenttoprotectDaisy.TomtellsMyrtleshusbandWilsonitwasGatsbywhokilledhiswife.WilsonmurdersGatsbyandthencommitssuicide.NickislefttoarrangeGatsbysfuneral,attendedonlyGatsbysfatherandoneformerguest.JayGatsbyTo

22、mBuchananDaisyBuchananTheWilsonsNickThe story deals symbolically with the failure of the American Dream.It is the story of a young mans search for his ideal of love.It also is a story of what the young man must do to win that love before he discovers that it is not worth having.The novel is always c

23、ompared to Fitzgeralds life.Gatsbystruggleformoney,Daisy,fame,butendssadlyRuinedbyloverDaisyandwealthypeoplearoundFitzgeraldStruggleformoneyZeldaSpoiltimeonpartiesTorturedbyloverZeldaRuinedbyalcoholandcorruptlifeCharacterAnalysisNickCarrawayvThedramaticnarrator.vNickissuitedtonarratingTheGreatGatsby

24、becauseofhistemperament.Heistolerant,open-minded,quiet,andagoodlistener,and,asaresult,otherstendtotalktohimandtellhimtheirsecrets.vAsaresultofhisrelationshiptothesetwocharacters,Nickistheperfectchoicetonarratethenovel,whichfunctionsasapersonalmemoirofhisexperienceswithGatsbyinthesummerof1922.NickCar

25、rawayvCarrawayslimitedomniscience(全知，无限的全知，无限的学问）学问）determinethefactthathedealsoutinformationinsuchamannerthatheseemstowithholditfirst,thuscreatingasuperbeffectofmysteryandsuspense.vAtlast,thewholesecretisunraveledandpastandpresentmingletobringthetragicdramatopathetic,significantfinish.NickTom,Daisy

26、andfriendsWilsonsGatsby富有富有 傲岸傲岸 清高清高 傲岸傲岸星期六晚邮报星期六晚邮报缺乏知性缺乏知性粗俗粗俗闲谈闲谈疯狂疯狂 静默无闻静默无闻不为人知的哀思不为人知的哀思Three groups of people socially distinct Three groups of people socially distinct from one another in behavior,from one another in behavior,language and everything else.language and everything else.Nickg

27、enerallyassumesasecondaryrolethroughoutthenovel,preferringtodescribeandcommentoneventsratherthandominatetheaction.Often,however,hefunctionsasFitzgeraldsvoice.InsofarasNickplaysaroleinsidethenarrative,heevidencesastronglymixedreactiontolifeontheEastCoast,onethatcreatesapowerfulinternalconflictthathed

28、oesnotresolveuntiltheendofthebook.Ontheonehand,Nickisattractedtothefast-paced,fun-drivenlifestyleofNewYork.Ontheotherhand,hefindsthatlifestylegrotesqueanddamaging.Nickrealizesthatthefastlifeofrevelry(狂欢狂欢)ontheEastCoastisacoverfortheterrifyingmoralemptiness.JayGatsbyAromanticdreamer:timecanbefixed,t

29、hepastcanberepeated,youthbeautyandlovecanberecaptured.vAsymbolforthewholeAmericanexperience:corruptionofhisdreambyadoptingmaterialismasitsmeansandillusoryyouthandbeautyasitsgoalisthecorruptionofAmericanidealism.DaisyBuchananvHervoicesoundsfullofmoney.vAmemberofsecretsocietyofestablishwealth.vBeautif

30、ul,enchanting,buthollowvFitzgeraldsgreatnessliesinthefactthathefoundintuitively,inhispersonalexperience,theembodimentofthatofthenationandcreatedamythoutofAmericanlife.v菲茨杰拉德的宏大之处在于通过个人阅历，菲茨杰拉德的宏大之处在于通过个人阅历，他依靠直觉找到了一个民族精神的体现，他依靠直觉找到了一个民族精神的体现，并创建了美国的神话。并创建了美国的神话。ThelastparagraphsofthisnovelvHehadcome

31、alongwaytothisbluelawnandhisdreammusthaveseemedsoclosethathecouldhardlyfailtograspit.Hedidnotknowthatitwasalreadybehindhim,somewherebackinthatvastobscuritybeyondthecity,wherethedarkfieldsoftherepublicrolledonunderthenight.vGatsbybelievedinthegreenlight,theorgasticfuturethatyearbyyearrecedesbeforeus.

32、Iteludedusthen,butthatsnomatter-tomorrowwewillrunfaster,stretchoutourarmsfarther.Andonefinemorning-vSowebeaton,boatsagainstthecurrent,bornebackceaselesslyintothepast.他千里迢迢的来到这片蓝色的草坪上，他的梦确定让他觉得近在咫尺，他几乎不行能抓不住的。他不知道那个梦已经落到他身后了，落在这个城市纳一望无垠的灰暗中，那里合众国黑油油的田野在黑夜中向前伸绽开来。盖兹比信奉那盏绿灯，它象征着那个一年年在我们面前渐消渐退的令人激烈的将来。以

33、前它从我们面前溜走，但是没关系，明天我们会跑得更快，我们的双臂会伸得更长，然后总会有一个奇异的早晨。所以我们要像逆流中的扁舟，虽然不断的被推回到过去，但仍要接着奋力向前TheDeclineoftheAmericanDreaminthe1920svTheunrestraineddesireformoneyandpleasuresurpassedmorenoblegoals.vWhenWorldWarIendedin1918,thegenerationofyoungAmericanswhohadfoughtthewarbecameintenselydisillusioned,asthebrutal

34、carnagethattheyhadjustfacedmadetheVictoriansocialmoralityofearly-twentieth-centuryAmericaseemlikestuffy,emptyhypocrisy(伪善）伪善）.vEastEggrepresentstheestablishedaristocracy,WestEggtheself-maderichvApersonfromanysocialbackgroundcould,potentially,makeafortune,buttheAmericanaristocracyscornedthenewlyrichi

35、ndustrialistsandspeculators.vThevarioussocialclimbersandambitiousspeculatorswhoattendGatsbyspartiesevidencethegreedyscrambleforwealth.vJustasAmericanshavegivenAmericameaningthroughtheirdreamsfortheirownlives,GatsbyinstillsDaisywithakindofidealizedperfectionthatsheneitherdeservesnorpossesses.vAmerica

36、ndreaminthe1920sisruinedbytheunworthinessofitsobjectmoneyandpleasure.TheGreenLightvBecauseGatsbysquestforDaisyisbroadlyassociatedwiththeAmericandream,thegreenlightalsosymbolizesthatmoregeneralizedideal.vThegreenlightrepresentsgatsbyshopesanddreamsforthefuture.TheValleyofAshesvItrepresentsthemoraland

37、socialdecaythatresultsfromtheuninhibitedpursuitofwealth,astherichindulgethemselveswithregardfornothingbuttheirownpleasure.vThevalleyofashesalsosymbolizestheplightofthepoor,likeGeorgeWilson,wholiveamongthedirtyashesandlosetheirvitalityasaresult.TheEyesofDoctorT.J.EckleburgvTheymayrepresentgodstaringd

38、ownuponandjudgingAmericansocietyasamoralwasteland.vTheeyesalsocometorepresenttheessentialmeaninglessnessoftheworldandthearbitrarinessofthementalprocessbywhichpeopleinvestobjectswithmeaning.作者简介作者简介v弗弗司各特司各特菲茨杰拉德菲茨杰拉德是是20世纪杰出的美国小说世纪杰出的美国小说家，家，“迷惘的一代迷惘的一代”代表代表作家之一，被称为作家之一，被称为“爵士爵士乐时代的歌手乐时代的歌手”和和“20年年头

39、富人的分析家头富人的分析家”。他塑。他塑造的人物形象大多是一群造的人物形象大多是一群战后追求梦幻的青年男女，战后追求梦幻的青年男女，他们都与作者的个人阅历他们都与作者的个人阅历有着亲密的内在联系。有着亲密的内在联系。v他以敏锐的视察和诗意的他以敏锐的视察和诗意的描绘，吟唱了一曲曲描绘，吟唱了一曲曲“美美国梦国梦”遭遇破灭的哀歌。遭遇破灭的哀歌。v主要作品有长篇小说：主要作品有长篇小说：了不得的盖茨比、了不得的盖茨比、夜色和顺、人间天夜色和顺、人间天堂等。堂等。人物介绍人物介绍1、Daisy浅薄和自私的浅薄和自私的Gatsby对于感情的忠贞对于感情的忠贞vs他看待问题缺乏深度，缺乏应有的推他看待

40、问题缺乏深度，缺乏应有的推断力和洞察力，断力和洞察力，“没有相识到上流社会极端卑劣、自私的本质，没有相识到上流社会极端卑劣、自私的本质，”结果玩火自焚结果玩火自焚她和盖茨比也都是自私的，他们之间的她和盖茨比也都是自私的，他们之间的“爱情爱情”是一种相是一种相互利用的关系。互利用的关系。2、Tom欲望和野心的欲望和野心的Gatsby拥有野心，想要霸占任何能够勾起他欲望的东西，无论是拥有野心，想要霸占任何能够勾起他欲望的东西，无论是在物质层面还是在精神层面。在物质层面还是在精神层面。两人命运不同的结局揭露了资本主义社会的两人命运不同的结局揭露了资本主义社会的“游戏规则游戏规则”明显的阶级对立，绝不

41、允许有野心的下层社会的人加入明显的阶级对立，绝不允许有野心的下层社会的人加入到他们的到他们的“游戏游戏”行列当中行列当中3、Myrtle虚无和梦幻的虚无和梦幻的Gatsby她和盖茨比一样，拥有相同的诞生背景，也是一个她和盖茨比一样，拥有相同的诞生背景，也是一个梦的追随者。追求社会上层阶级的身份。梦的追随者。追求社会上层阶级的身份。不管怎么说，盖茨比想要的也都不是黛西这个人，不管怎么说，盖茨比想要的也都不是黛西这个人，他想要追求的只是自己心目中的金色女郎，自己五年前他想要追求的只是自己心目中的金色女郎，自己五年前的金色幻想。的金色幻想。4、Wilson浪漫和执著的浪漫和执著的Gatsby坚持崇尚

42、名誉观并真爱自己的妻子而走向了毁灭。坚持崇尚名誉观并真爱自己的妻子而走向了毁灭。在这道德的垃圾场上，他成为了浪漫和坚持志向的牺牲在这道德的垃圾场上，他成为了浪漫和坚持志向的牺牲品品”这正说明白像盖茨比和威尔逊这样的人这正说明白像盖茨比和威尔逊这样的人那种有那种有感情式志向的浪漫的人在现代美国这片垃圾场上只能是感情式志向的浪漫的人在现代美国这片垃圾场上只能是死路一条。死路一条。5、Nick理性和聪慧的理性和聪慧的Gatsby他既不是汤姆所代表的他既不是汤姆所代表的荒原时代荒原时代的精神世界的的精神世界的公民，也不是盖茨比所代表的盲目崇拜黛西的脱离现实公民，也不是盖茨比所代表的盲目崇拜黛西的脱离现

43、实的梦幻时代的同路人，他代表着美国传统道德规范。的梦幻时代的同路人，他代表着美国传统道德规范。追求旧爱的手段：第一点就是他必须要追求旧爱的手段：第一点就是他必须要“显富显富”。其次点是他擅长利用尼克。其次点是他擅长利用尼克。人物介绍人物介绍宠爱了不得的盖茨比的理由有很多：宠爱开头那句父亲的忠告：你在评论他人的时候，要记住并非全部的人都有你这样优越的条件。宠爱看着盖茨比站在海边遥望黛西家码头上的绿灯，宠爱看着他“以惊异的方式伸出手臂”，宠爱那种惊异和热切；宠爱盖茨比豪宅上彻夜不明的灯光，和从花园里随风飘至的音乐和笑声，那样声色犬马，醉生梦死。以及盖茨比躲在这一切繁华背后的孤独和被压抑的欲望。宠爱

44、死后的那段人情冷暖，宠爱看着那辆来自另一个世界终点的汽车来到豪宅门口，却没有发觉奇异的宴会早已散场。也宠爱书中的语言、隐喻、讲故事的方式，和精致却缜密的结构。共享共享感受感受这仅仅是一个梦碎的故事，全部的情节全部的人物全部的跌宕也不过是为码头终点的那盏绿灯的熄灭铺垫的。这本书让我感到一种委屈。为我们自己。人们称我们是“浮躁的一代”。美国人称为“迷惘的一代”。我们不是不想拥有幻想我们都曾为心中的一个梦努力过。只是它总是那么简洁就被打破。我们唱“想回到过去”唱“追忆似水年华”，仅仅是在声嘶力竭的坚守曾经的幻想曾经的自己，当发觉在一塌糊涂的世界这些坚持仅仅的垃圾的时候，我们只能选择遗忘，用更垃圾的方

45、式。没有人看到我们的委屈，大人们只是在指责我们胸无大志不学无术无病呻吟，却不想想我们生来就在这样浮躁的世界。共享共享感受感受共享共享感受感受我们不是没有责任心，我们没有逃我们还在我们不是没有责任心，我们没有逃我们还在努力，盖茨比死去了，我们还在。我们有自己的努力，盖茨比死去了，我们还在。我们有自己的特性，所以我们不大喊特性，所以我们不大喊“可怜可怜我们吧可怜可怜我们吧”，但，但我们始终在述说，我们仅仅是要一些理解一些确我们始终在述说，我们仅仅是要一些理解一些确定。定。所以，请不要无视，请不要鄙视。所以，请不要无视，请不要鄙视。回头细致想想，我们原来并不脆弱，我们很回头细致想想，我们原来并不脆弱

46、，我们很坚毅。坚毅的让人心酸，我们是在用什么坚毅？坚毅。坚毅的让人心酸，我们是在用什么坚毅？为了我们爱的人吧，为了我们等待的什么东西吧，为了我们爱的人吧，为了我们等待的什么东西吧，为了我们心底那对华蜜的静静信念吧。为了我们心底那对华蜜的静静信念吧。最终的最终，我写上盖茨比的最终的最终，我写上盖茨比的“时辰表时辰表”：起床起床上午上午6：00哑铃体操及爬墙哑铃体操及爬墙6：156：30学习电学等学习电学等7：158：15工作工作8：50下午下午4：30棒球及其他运动棒球及其他运动下午下午4：305：00练习演说、仪态练习演说、仪态5：006：00学习有用的新独创学习有用的新独创7：009：00记上作者菲茨杰拉德的话记上作者菲茨杰拉德的话“我们接着奋力向前，逆水行舟，被不断的我们接着奋力向前，逆水行舟，被不断的向后推，被推入过去。向后推，被推入过去。”