2019高考全国Ⅲ卷化学试题(解析版).pdf

《2019高考全国Ⅲ卷化学试题(解析版).pdf》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2019高考全国Ⅲ卷化学试题(解析版).pdf（14页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、1 2019 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试理科综合能力测试注意事项：1答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。2回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。3考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。可能用到的相对原子质量：H 1 Li 7 C 12 N 14 O 16 Na 23 S 32 Cl 35.5 Ar 40 Fe 56 I 127 7.化学与生活密切相关。下列叙述错误的是（）A.高纯硅可用于制作光感电池B.铝合金大量用于高铁建设C.活性炭具有除

2、异味和杀菌作用D.碘酒可用于皮肤外用消毒【答案】C【解析】A、硅是半导体，高纯硅可用于制作光感电池，A 正确；B、铝合金硬度大，密度小，可用于高铁建设，B 正确；C、活性炭具有吸附性，可用于除异味，但不能杀菌消毒，C 错误；D、碘酒能使蛋白质变性，可用于皮肤外用消毒，D 正确。8.下列化合物的分子中，所有原子可能共平面的是（）A.甲苯B.乙烷C.丙炔D.1,3-丁二烯【答案】D【解析】A、甲苯中含有饱和碳原子，所有原子不可能共平面，A 不选；B、乙烷是烷烃，所有原子不可能共平面，B 不选；C、丙炔中含有饱和碳原子，所有原子不可能共平面，C 不选；2 D、碳碳双键是平面形结构，因此1，3丁二烯分

3、子中所有原子共平面，D 选。9.X、Y、Z 均为短周期主族元素，它们原子的最外层电子数之和我10，X 与 Z 同族，Y 最外层电子数等于X 次外层电子数，且Y 原子半径大于Z。下列叙述正确的是（）A.熔点：X 的氧化物比Y 的氧化物高B.热稳定性：X 的氢化物大于Z 的氢化物C.X 与 Z 可形成离子化合物ZX D.Y 的单质与Z 的单质均能溶于浓硫酸【答案】B【解析】Y 的最外层电子数等于X 次外层电子数，由于均是主族元素，所以Y 的最外层电子数不可能是 8 个，则 X 只能是第二周期元素，因此Y 的最外层电子数是2 个，又因为Y 的原子半径大于 Z，则 Y 只能是第三周期的Mg，因此 X

4、与 Z 的最外层电子数是（102）/24，则X 是 C，Z 是 Si。A、碳的氧化物形成的是分子晶体，Y 的氧化物是离子化合物氧化镁，则氧化镁的熔点高于碳的氧化物熔点，A 错误；B、碳元素的非金属性强于硅元素，非金属性越强，氢化物越稳定，则碳的氢化物稳定性强于硅的氢化物稳定性，B 正确；C、C 与 Si 形成的是共价化合物SiC，C 错误；D、单质镁能溶于浓硝酸，单质硅不溶于浓硝酸，D 错误。10.离子交换法净化水过程如图所示。下列说法中错误的是（）文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5

5、ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R

6、6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文

7、档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF

8、8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O

9、10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 H

10、G9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7

11、W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J23 A.经过阳离子交换树脂后，水中阳离子的总数不变B.水中的3NO、24SO、Cl-通过阴离子树脂后被除去C.通过净化处理后，水的导电性降低D.阴离子树脂填充段存在反应HOHH2O【答案】A【解析】离子交换树脂净化水的原理是：当含有Na+、Ca2+、Mg2+等阳离子及SO42、Cl、NO3等阴离子的原水通过阳离子

12、交换树脂时，水中的阳离子为树脂所吸附，而树脂上可交换的阳离子 H则被交换到水中，并和水中的阴离子组成相应的无机酸；当含有无机酸的水再通过阴离子交换树脂时，水中的阴离子也为树脂所吸附，树脂上可交换的阴离子OH也被交换到水中，同时与水中的H离子结合成水，则A、根据电荷守恒可知经过阳离子交换树脂后，水中阳离子总数增加，A 错误；B、根据以上分析可知水中的SO42、Cl、NO3等阴离子通过阴离子交换树脂被除去，B正确；C、通过净化处理后，溶液中离子的浓度降低，导电性降低，C 正确；D、根据以上分析可知阴离子交换树脂填充段存在反应HOHH2O，D 正确。11.设 NA为阿伏加德罗常数值。关于常温下pH=

13、2 的 H3PO4溶液，下列说法正确的是（）A.每升溶液中的H+数目为 0.02NAB.c(H+)=c(24H PO)+2c(HPO42-)+3c(34PO)+c(OH-)C.加水稀释使电离度增大，溶液pH 减小D.加入 NaH2PO4固体，溶液酸性增强【答案】B【解析】A、常温下pH 2，则溶液中氢离子浓度是0.01mol/L，因此每升溶液中H数目为 0.01NA，A 错误；B、根据电荷守恒可知选项B 正确；C、加水稀释促进电离，电离度增大，但氢离子浓度减小，pH 增大，C 错误；D、加入 NaH2PO4固体，H2PO4浓度增大，抑制磷酸的电离，溶液的酸性减弱，D 错误。12下列实验不能达到

14、目的的是（）文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2

15、文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:C

16、F8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7

17、O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7

18、HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K

19、7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5

20、 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J24 选项目的实验A 制取较高浓度的次氯酸溶液将Cl2通入碳酸钠溶液中B 加快氧气的生成速率在过氧化氢溶液中加入少量MnO2C 除去乙酸乙酯中的少量乙酸加入饱

21、和碳酸钠溶液洗涤、分液D 制备少量二氧化硫气体向饱和亚硫酸钠溶液中滴加浓硫酸【答案】A【解析】A.Cl2+H2OHCl+HClO 因为酸性 H2CO3 HClO HCO3-,碳酸钠溶液碱性较强，也可以与次氯酸反应生成碳酸氢钠和次氯酸钠HClO+Na2CO3=NaClO+NaHCO3,因此得不到较高浓度的次氯酸溶液B.MnO2是反应中的催化剂可以加快氧气的生成速率C.乙酸能够与碳酸钠溶液反应生成易溶于水的乙酸钠溶液，而乙酸乙酯不与饱和碳酸钠溶液反应且分层析出所以可以经分液分离D.亚硫酸是弱酸，硫酸是强酸，利用强酸制弱酸的原理，强酸硫酸和亚硫酸钠反应生成弱酸亚硫酸，亚硫酸分解生成二氧化硫和水，Na

22、2SO3+H2SO4Na2SO4+SO2+H2O，所以能用亚硫酸钠与浓硫酸反应制备SO2 13为提升电池循环效率和稳定性，科学家近期利用三维多孔海绵状Zn（3D-Zn）可以高效沉积 ZnO的特点，设计了采用强碱性电解质的3D-Zn NiOOH 二次电池，结构如下图所示。电 池 反 应 为 Zn(s)+2NiOOH(s)+H2O(l)放电充电ZnO(s)+2Ni(OH)2(s)。下 列 说 法 错 误 的 是（）A三维多孔海绵状Zn具有较高的表面积，所沉积的ZnO分散度高B充电时阳极反应为Ni(OH)2(s)+OH-(aq)-e-NiOOH(s)+H2O(l)C放电时负极反应为Zn(s)+2OH

23、-(aq)-2e-ZnO(s)+H2O(l)D放电过程中 OH-通过隔膜从负极区移向正极区【答案】D 文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S

24、7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编

25、码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T

26、1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10

27、G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9

28、S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W1

29、0P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J25【解析】A 三维多孔海绵状Zn具有较高的表面积，吸附能力强所沉积

30、的ZnO分散度高正确。B 由题中已知电池反应为Zn(s)+2NiOOH(s)+H2O(l)放电充电ZnO(s)+2Ni(OH)2(s)，可知充电时是电解池原理阳极失电子发生氧化反应，Ni(OH)2(s)+OH-(aq)-e-NiOOH(s)+H2O(l)正确。C 由题中已知电池反应为Zn(s)+2NiOOH(s)+H2O(l)放电充电ZnO(s)+2Ni(OH)2(s)，可知放电时是原电池原理负极失电子发生氧化反应，Zn(s)+2OH-(aq)-2e-ZnO(s)+H2O(l)正确。D 原电池中阳离子向正极移动，阴离子向负极移动，则放电过程中OH通过隔膜从正极区移向负极区，D错误。26（14

31、分）高纯硫酸锰作为合成镍钴锰三元正极材料的原料，工业上可由天然二氧化锰粉与硫化锰矿（还含Fe、Al、Mg、Zn、Ni、Si 等元素）制备，工艺如下图所示。回答下列问题：相关金属离子 c0(Mn+)=0.1 molL-1形成氢氧化物沉淀的pH 范围如下：金属离子Mn2+Fe2+Fe3+Al3+Mg2+Zn2+Ni2+开始沉淀的pH 8.1 6.3 1.5 3.4 8.9 6.2 6.9 沉淀完全的pH 10.1 8.3 2.8 4.7 10.9 8.2 8.9（1）“滤渣 1”含有 S 和_；写出“溶浸”中二氧化锰与硫化锰反应的化学方程式 _。（2）“氧化”中添加适量的MnO2的作用是将 _。（

32、3）“调 pH”除铁和铝，溶液的pH 范围应调节为_6 之间。（4）“除杂 1”的目的是除去Zn2+和 Ni2+，“滤渣 3”的主要成分是_。文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 H

33、G9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7

34、W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5

35、ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R

36、6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文

37、档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF

38、8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J26（5）“除杂 2”的目的

39、是生成MgF2沉淀除去Mg2+。若溶液酸度过高，Mg2+沉淀不完全，原因是 _。（6）写出“沉锰”的离子方程式_。（7）层状镍钴锰三元材料可作为锂离子电池正极材料，其化学式为LiNixCoyMnzO2，其中Ni、Co、Mn 的化合价分别为+2、+3、+4。当 x=y=13时，z=_。【答案】（1）SiO2（不溶性硅酸盐）MnO2+MnS+2H2SO4=2MnSO4+S+2H2O（2）将 Fe2+氧化为 Fe3+（3）4.7（4）NiS和 ZnS（5）F-与 H+结合形成弱电解质HF，MgF2Mg2+2F-平衡向右移动（6）Mn2+23HCO=MnCO3 +CO2 +H2O（7）13【解析】（1

40、）Si 元素以 SiO2或不溶性硅盐存在，SiO2与硫酸不反应，所以滤渣I 中除了 S 还有 SiO2；在硫酸的溶浸过程中，二氧化锰和硫化锰发生了氧化还原反应，二氧化锰作氧化剂，硫化锰作还原剂，方程式为：MnO2+MnS+2H2SO4=2MnSO4+S+2H2O；（2）二氧化锰作为氧化剂，使得MnS 反应完全，且将溶液中Fe2+氧化为 Fe3+；（3）由表中数据知pH 在 4.7 时，Fe3+和 Al3+沉淀完全，所以应该控制pH 在 4.76 之间；（4）根据题干信息，加入Na2S 除杂为了出去锌离子和镍离子，所以滤渣3 是生成的沉淀ZnS 和 NiS；（5）由 HF垐?噲?H+F-知，酸度

41、过大，F-浓度减低，使得MgF2垐?噲?Mg2+2F-平衡向沉淀溶解方向移动，Mg2+沉淀不完全；（6）根据题干信息沉锰的过程是生成了MnCO3沉淀，所以反应离子方程式为：Mn2+2HCO3-=MnCO3+CO2+H2O；（7）根据化合物中各元素化合价代数和为0 的规律得：1+2x+3y+4z=4，已知，x=y=1/3，带入计算得：z=1/3 文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文

42、档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF

43、8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O

44、10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 H

45、G9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7

46、W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5

47、ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R

48、6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J27 27（14 分）乙酰水杨酸（阿司匹林）是目前常用药物之一。实验室通过水杨酸进行乙酰化制备阿司匹林的一种方法如下：水杨酸醋酸酐乙酰水杨酸熔点/157159-72-74 135138 相对密度/（g cm3）1.44 1.10 1.35 相对分子质量138 102 180 实验过程：在 100 mL 锥形瓶中加入水杨酸6.9 g 及醋酸酐10 mL，充分摇动使固体完全溶解。缓慢滴加0.5 mL 浓硫酸后加热，维持瓶内温

49、度在70 左右，充分反应。稍冷后进行如下操作.在不断搅拌下将反应后的混合物倒入100 mL 冷水中，析出固体，过滤。所得结晶粗品加入50 mL 饱和碳酸氢钠溶液，溶解、过滤。滤液用浓盐酸酸化后冷却、过滤得固体。固体经纯化得白色的乙酰水杨酸晶体5.4 g。回答下列问题：（1）该合成反应中应采用_加热。（填标号）A热水浴B酒精灯C煤气灯D电炉（2）下列玻璃仪器中，中需使用的有_（填标号），不需使用的 _（填名称）。（3）中需使用冷水，目的是_。（4）中饱和碳酸氢钠的作用是_，以便过滤除去难溶杂质。（5）采用的纯化方法为_。文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6

50、S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档编码:CF8T1A7O10G7 HG9S4K7W10P5 ZZ4J7R6S7J2文档