2020年第八章铝电解槽正常生产管理精编版.pdf

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1、精选文档精选文档第八章 铝电解槽正常生产管理新槽启动后，经过三个月的调整逐渐形成规整的炉膛，各项技术条件进入正常生产时期，在正常生产阶段，主要技术条件（或参数）有：槽电压、加料量、铝液和电解质水平、阳极效应系数和电解质成分等。在保证电解槽操作质量的前提下，管理好这些技术条件，电解槽能在长期的稳定状态下工作获得高电流效率和低能量消耗。此乃电解生产管理的主体，须特别重视。为了确保上述电解槽的正常生产状态，在生产中必须采取和调整与该槽的各项技术参数和工艺操作制度相一致的原则，就是说，电解槽的正常生产是在一定的技术制度的密切配合下实现的。对于有经验的职工来，可以通过观察来判断电解槽生产是否正常，一般来

2、说，正常生产的电解槽有如下特征：（1）从火眼喷出有力的淡紫蓝色火苗。（2）槽电压稳定在一定范围，大型预焙槽为4.0 4.2 V（3）电解温度940 960 ，电解质颜色为红色。（4）阳极周围电解质沸腾均匀，炭渣分离良好。（5）用钎子检查电解质与铝液水平时，电解质液与铝液界面清晰。（6）槽膛规整，槽底无沉淀，槽面结壳完整，并覆盖一定厚度的氧化铝保温层。（7）阳极不氧化不长包不掉块。在上述特征下，电解槽的各项技术参数达到规定的范围，属于正常生产。第 1 页，共 17 页精选文档精选文档8.1 正常生产的技术条件与参数电解槽生产的技术参数是生产中重要的技术规范，它是根据电解槽的类型、容量、设备的机械

3、化自动化水平和操作人员的技术水平而定。技术条件参数包括电流强度、槽工作电压、极距、电解温度、电解质成分、电解质和铝液的水平和阳极效应系数等，它们之间既互相影响又相互制约，其中某一项条件改变，其他各项也必须作出相应变化，才能达到稳定生产。8.1.1 正常技术条件的保持电解生产中，因槽型不同，电流强度不同，所要求的技术条件亦不同。为保证取得最好的技术经济指标，每个电解厂都要求保持一定的技术条件，而技术条件的设置一定要结合生产实际，即不能过高，也不能过低，要尽可能以好的技术条件保持电解槽具有较好的技术指标和平稳地生产。表8-1 为常见的大型预焙槽的正常技术条件：表 8-1 大型预焙槽正常生产技术条件

4、电流强度（kA）320300200160槽工作电压（V）4.154.15 4.184.15 4.24.15 4.2电解温度（）945 985940 960945 965940 960分子比2.1 2.32.3 2.52.1 2.32.3 2.4电解质水平（cm）20 2221 2320 2218 22铝水平（cm）18 2017 1918 2018 20极距（cm）4 4.24 4.54 4.54.0效应系数（次/天）0.30.30.30.4氧化铝浓度（%）2.32 32 32 3氟化钙（%）42 44 65 7第 2 页，共 17 页文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H

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6、H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I

7、7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10

8、I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W1

9、0I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W

10、10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2

11、W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8精选文档精选文档8.1.2 系列电流强度每个电解系列都有额定的电流强度、额定的电压、与之对应有一定的产铝量。额定的电流强度一经确定

12、下来，尽可能保持恒定的电流强度不变，以保证整个电解系列生产的稳定性。一般在电力供应紧张或系列同时发生阳极效应的槽数过多时，才采取降低系列电流的手段，来维护整流设备的安全。在电解生产中，供给电解系列的电流强度是恒定的，它可以保证一个电解系列在同一时间来2 3 个阳极效应时，而系列电流不会降低。表 8-2 为 300 kA 预焙槽系列中，同时发生阳极效应时系列电流系列电压的变化情况。表 8-2 300 kA 预焙槽阳极效应时系列电流系列电压关系同时发生阳极效应同时发生阳极效应的电解槽效应时间占总时间的百分数（时间系列电压（V）系列电流（A）N=077.14 1031.86300000N=1 20.

13、031066.86300000N=2 2.59 1101.86300000N=30.22 1136.86300000 N=40.021136.862859758.1.3 槽工作电压电解槽工作电压，又称为槽电压（槽电压表读数）。它是并联在电解槽上的电压表直接测量出来的（电压表一端接在阳极母线立第 3 页，共 17 页文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3

14、C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G

15、3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10

16、G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D1

17、0G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D

18、10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4

19、D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ

20、4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8精选文档精选文档柱的底部，另一端接在阴极母线末端）。生产中的计算机报表常涉及到以下四种电压：（1）VBASE目标电压：是由管理者计划要达到的目标值。（2）VNOM设定电压：亦称公称电压，是管理者根据槽子状态而确定的电压值。计算机按此电压值对槽电压进行控制。（3）VNET净电压，亦称槽工作电压，它是不包括效应电压在内的槽电压。它与设定电压的差值反映了槽子是

21、否存在着异常电压。一般VNOM设定电压=VNET净电压+（0.02 0.03V）为正常。（4）VACT 效应分摊电压：它包括效应分摊电压在内的槽电压。它等于净电压加上效应分摊电压，VACT=VNET+VAE。VAE大说明效应多或持续时间长，VAE小，说明效应少或不来效应。在正常的电解槽上，VACT与 VNET应保持一致的差值，若分离或靠拢都属于设定电压等影响热平衡保持不当造成的。大致关系如图 8-1 所示：A 区 设定电压偏高效应少；C 区 设定电压偏低效应多；B 区 设定电压适当，无异常电压和效应超时。第 4 页，共 17 页文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 Z

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25、0 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H

26、10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7

27、H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I

28、7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8精选文档精选文档槽工作电压的组成是由阳极压降、电解质压降、阴极压降、极化电压和母线压降组成的。槽工作电压常随生产操作而变动，但极化电压和母

29、线压降部分变化较小，变化较大的是阳极压降、电解质压降和阴极压降，这三项也是维持电解温度的热量来源的电压。平时工作电压的高低在某种意义上说是电解质压降的高低。因而工作电压对电解温度有明显的影响，过高或过低的保持电压都会给电解槽带来变化。电解车间中，由于电解槽与槽之间是串联在一起的，并与整流器串联起来构成一个直流回路，这一连串的电解槽组成一个系列，整流器对这一系列电解槽供电的总电压称为系列电压，系列电压就是电流沿母线通过一个个电解槽时各个槽子及连接母线电压的总和。槽平均电压V 平均是指系列中每个电解槽所分摊的系列电压V 系 的数值即 V 平均=V 系N 式中：N 系列中工作的总槽数。第 5 页，共

30、 17 页文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6

31、K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O

32、6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3

33、O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ

34、3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 Z

35、Z3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10

36、ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8精选文档精选文档槽平均电压不仅包括了槽工作电压，还包括了阳极效

37、应升高电压的分摊值与槽上电压表测量范围以外的金属母线的电压降的分摊值，即 V 平均=V 槽+V 效+V 槽外式中：V 槽 槽工作电压；V 效 阳极效应分摊电压；V 槽外 槽上电压表测量范围以外的公用母线的电压降的分摊值。统计报表中多采用平均电压。要降低槽平均电压，主要是降低槽电压。应从槽电压的组成来着手分析解决。阳极压降随阳极的比电阻和铁-碳接触情况而变化。质量不良可达500mV 以上。阴极压降与阴极炭块电阻、阴极炭块与阴极钢棒组装质量、阴极表面洁净情况有关。炉底洁净，铝水与阴极炭块表面接触良好，该处压降小，若炉底有沉淀或结壳，阴极压降会成倍增大。阴极压降也与炉底老化程度有关，随炉龄增长而增大

38、。分解与极化电压在生产槽上只随用Al2O3 浓度稍有变化。由于 Al2O3 浓度变化很小，可视分解与极化电压为常数。电解质压降是指电流从阳极底掌通过电解质到达阴极铝液镜面，由于电解质电阻而产生的电压降。电解质压降变化范围较大，电解质成分、电解温度、极距变动，都使电解质压降变动，其中，极距的影响最大。第 6 页，共 17 页文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D

39、10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4

40、D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ

41、4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:C

42、Z4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:

43、CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码

44、:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编

45、码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8精选文档精选文档效应分摊压降与效应系数、效应时的电压高低、持续时间长短有关。阳极压降主要由阳极生产单位去保证，母线压降、阴极压降的初始值由设计、建材、建筑、安装去保证，能做到低于设计值更好。槽电压过高不但浪费电能，而且电解质热量收入增多，会使电解走向热行程，并使铝的质量受到影响，进而影响电流效率。槽电压过低也不行，虽然最初因热收入减少使电解槽走向

46、冷行程，但其最终结果造成的损失可能比高电压时要大得多。槽电压过低还可能造成滚铝和不灭效应等技术事故。正常生产的槽电压值应该是稳定的。槽电压出现波动，若摆幅不大，且不频繁，也属基本正常：若摆幅大而频繁，它说明阴极铝液波动或两极之间有某种物体造成局部短路现象，应该查明原因及时处理。8.1.4 极距通常所说的极距系指阳极底掌到阴极铝液镜面之间的距离。它既是电解过程中的电化反应区域，又是维持电解温度的热源中心，对电流效率和电解温度有着直接影响。引起极距变化的主要因素有以下几方面：（1）电解槽走向热行程时，造成伸腿熔化，炉膛变化，使铝液镜面扩大，铝水平降低，从而使极距升高。（2）电解槽走向冷行程时，由于

47、炉底结壳、伸腿肥大，造成炉膛缩小，铝液水平升高，使极距降低。（3）槽底产生大量沉淀时，使铝水平升高造成极距减小第 7 页，共 17 页文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9

48、HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9

49、 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S

50、9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3S9 HF8B2W10I7H10 ZZ3O6K2P6Y8文档编码:CZ4D10G3C3