2018中考语法讲解与练习3——介词.docx

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1、2018中考语法讲解及练习3介词英语语法是英语的重要部分，在中考的选择题、语法填空、改错、造句以及作文都会涉及，本套练习从既有讲解又有练习，是复习的好资料，提分的好助手。语法讲解：1、介词的主要用法：介词是一种虚词,不能独立使用。介词之后一般有名词或代词(宾格)或相当于名词的其他词类、短语或从句作它的宾语,即构成介词短语。有些介词是由两个以上的词构成的短语介词,如：out of(从中出来), because of(因为), away from(距离), on top of(在顶上), ever since(自从), next to(在隔壁), according to(根据), in fron

2、t of(在前方)等。2、介词的分类表： (见下表) 地点(位置、范围)介词：above在前, about在附近, across在对面, after在后面, against倚着., along在近旁, among在中间, around在周围, round在.周围, at在处, before在.前, behind在.后, below低于., beside在.旁边, between在.之间, by在.旁, down在.下面, from来自., in在.里面, inside在.里面, near靠近., of在.之中, on在.上面, out of在.之外, outside在.外面, over在.上方

3、, under在.下方, up在.上面, on top of在.顶部, in front of在.前, close to靠近., in the middle of在.的中间, at the end of在.的末端,等等。 方向(目标趋向)介词：across横越., against对抗., along沿着., around绕着., round环绕., at朝着., behind向后面, etweenand从到.,by路过/通过., down向下, for向., from从/离., in进入., into进入., inside到.里面, near接近., off脱离/除., on向.上, out

4、of向.外, outside向.外, over跨过., past经过/超过., through穿过., to向/朝., towards朝着., on to到.上面, onto到.上面, up向.上, away from远离. 时间介词：about大约., after在以后, at在 (时刻), before在以前, by到为止, during在期间, for有(之久), from从(时)起, in在(上/下午);在(多久)以后, on在(某日), past过了(时), since自从(至今), through 贯穿(期间), till直到时, until直到时, to到(下一时刻), ever

5、 since从那时起至今,at the beginning of在.开始时 ,at the end of在.末 , in the middle of在.当中 ,at the time of在.时 方式介词：as作为/当作., by用/由/乘坐/被., in用(语言), like及一样, on骑(车)/徒(步),通过(收音机/电视机), over通过(收音机), through通过., with用(材料),用(手/脚/耳/眼), without没有 涉及介词: about关于., except除了, besides除了还. for对于/就而言, in在(方面), of的,有关., on关于/有关

6、., to对而言, towards针对., with就而言 其它介词: 【目的介词】 for为了., from防止, to为了 【原因介词】 for因为., with由于, because of因为. 【比较介词】 as及一样,like象一样,than比.,to及相比, unlike及不同 【伴随/状态介词】 against和一起(比赛),at在(上班/休息/上学/家,etc.),in穿着(衣服/颜色),into变成.,on在(值日), with及一起,有/带着/长着., without没有/无/不及一起3、介词短语的句法作用：介词短语相当于一个形容词或副词,可用作状语、定语和表语。如：The

7、 man came .(状)(那个人走下楼来)/The woman is from the countryside.(定)(头上戴花的妇女来自乡下)/The teacher is now with the pupils.(表)(老师现在和学生在一起)4、介词短语在句子中的位置： 介词短语做状语时,如果表示时间/地点,可以放在句首或句尾,如果表示方向/方式/伴随/涉及/原因/目的/比较,一般放在句尾； 介词短语作表语时放在连系动词之后；介词短语作定语时,只能放在被修饰的名词之后。如：He wanted to find a good job in Shanghai the next year.(状

8、语)(他想来年在上海找份好工作)/ They searched the room for the thief.(他们在房间里搜索小偷) / The letters are for you.(表语)(信是给你的)/ Have you seen a cat with a black head and four white legs?(定语)(你看见一只黑头白腿的猫了吗？)5、重要注释： this / that / these / those / last / next / a / every / each等词构成的时间短语,前面不用任何介词。如：Every year travellers from

9、 abroad come to visit Pingyao.(每年都有国外的游客来游览平窑镇)/ He had a bad cold that week.(那个星期他患重感冒) for有时用来引出动词不定式的逻辑主语,常翻译成“对于而言”。如：Its too hard for me to finish the work in only one hour.(让我在区区一个小时内完成这项工作太难了)/ The house is big enough for 10 men to live in.(房子够大的可以容10个人住) of有时用来表示后面的人物正好是前面的表语的逻辑主语。如：Its very

10、 nice/kind of you to do so.(你这么做真是太好了) 介词有时会及它的宾语分离,而且宾语前置。 当宾语是疑问词时。Who are you talking about?(你们在谈论谁？) 宾语在从句中当连接词时。He has a younger brother who he must take good care of.(他有 一个需要他照顾的小弟。) / Do you know who our teacher is talking with over there?(你知道我们的老师在那边和什么人谈话吗？) 动词不定式作定语且该动词为不及物动词,后面有介词。I final

11、ly found a chair to sit on.(我 最终找到了一张椅子坐。) (5) 记住一些固定词组：arrive at/in(到达),on foot(步行),notat all(根本不),to the north of(在以北),in the east of(在的东部),in the night(在夜间),at night(在晚上),be afraid of(害怕),be full of(充满/ 装满.),be filled with(充满/ 装满.),be good/bad for(对有益/有害),be made of(由做成),be made from(由制造),play wi

12、th(玩耍),look out of(朝外面看),at the end of(在末梢/结束时),by the end of(不迟于/到末为止),with the help of或with ones help(在的帮助下),look after(照料),look for(寻找),on a bike(=by bike)骑车, help sb. with(帮某人做),get on (well) with(及某人相处融洽),等等。6、某些介词的用法辨析： 时间或地点介词in、on、at的用法区别：表示时间时, in表示在一段时间里(在将来时句子中则表示在一段时间之后), on表示在具体的某一天或者某天

13、的上下午等, at表示在某个时刻或者瞬间； 表示地点时, in表示在某个范围之内, on表示在某个平面上或及一个面相接触,at则表示在某个具体的场所或地点。如：He was born on the morning of May 10th.(他出生于五月十日的早晨)/ I usually get up at 7：00 in the morning.(我通常在早上的七点钟起床) / His glasses are right on his nose.(他的眼镜就架在他的鼻子上)/ He is at the cinema at the moment.(此刻他正在电影院) after及in表示时间的用

14、法区别：“after+(具体时刻/从句)”表示“在时刻之后”常用于一般时态；“in+(一段时间)”表示“在(多久)之后”,常用于将来时态。如：He said that he would be here after 6：00.(他说他六点钟之后会来这儿)/ My father is coming back from England in about a month.(我父亲大约一个月以后从英国回来) since及for表示时间的用法区别：“since+(具体时刻/that-从句)”表示“自从起一直到现在”,“for +(一段斶间)”表示“总共有之久”,都常用于完成时态；如：Uncle Li ha

15、s worked in this factory since 1970.(李叔叔自从1970年起就在这家工厂工作了)/ Uncle Li has worked in this factory for over 30 years. (李叔叔在这家工厂已经工作了30多年) by、in及with表示方式的用法区别：都可以表示“工具、手段”,但是by主要表示“乘坐”某个交通工具或“以方式”,在被动句中可以表示动作的执行者；in表示“使用”某种语言/文字,with表示“使用”某个具体的工具、手段。如：We see with our eyes and walk with our feet.(我们用眼睛看东

16、西,用双脚走路)/ Please write that article(文章) in English.(请你用英语写那篇文章)/ Lets go to the zoo by taxi.(我们打的去动物园吧。)/ It was written by Lao She.(那是老舍写的) about及on的用法区别：都可以表示“有关”,但是about的意义比较广,而on主要表示“有关(专题/课程)”。如：Tom is going to give a talk on the history of America.(汤姆要作一个美国历史的报告)/ They are very excited talking

17、 about the coming field trip.(他们兴致勃勃地谈论着即将来到的野外旅游) through及across、over的用法区别： through指“穿过(门洞/人群/树林)”； across和over可以指“跨越(街道/河流)”,可互换,但是表示“翻过”时只能用over. 如：Just then a rat (鼠)ran across the road.(就在那时一只老鼠跑过路面)/ There is a bridge across/over the river.(河上有座桥)/ They climbed over the mountain and arrived th

18、ere ahead of time.(他们翻过大山提前到达了那里)/ The visitors went through a big gate into another park.(参观者们穿过一个大门来到另一个公园)(7)as及like的区别：两个词都表示“像”,但是as译为“作为”,表示的是职业、职务、作用等事实,而like译为“像一样”,表示外表,不是事实。如：Let me speak to you as a father.(我以父亲的身份和你讲话。)(说话者是听者的父亲) / Let me speak to you like a father.(让我像一位父亲一样和你讲话)(说话者不是

19、听者的父亲)(8)at the end of、by the end of、to the end、in the end的用法区别：at the end of既可以表示时间也可以表示地点,译为“在末；在尽头”,常及过去时连用；by the end of只能表示时间,译为“在前；到为止”,常用于过去完成时； in the end及at last基本等义,表示“终于、最后”,通常用于过去时；to the end译为“到的终点为止”,前面往往有表示运动或连续性的动词。如：By the end of last term we had learned 16 units of Book III.(到上学期期末

20、我们已经学习了第三册16个单元)/ At the end of the road you can find a big white house with brown windows.(在路的尽头你能找到一幢有棕色窗户的白房子)/ They left for Beijing at the end of last week.(上周末他们动身去了北京)/ In the end he succeeded in the final exams.(他最终在期末考试中考及格了)/ We should go on with the work to the end.(我们应该把工作干到底)/ Follow th

21、is road to the end and you will see a post office.(沿这条路走到底就能看见一家邮电局)(9)for a moment、for the moment、in a moment、at the moment的区别：for a moment“一会儿、片刻”(=for a while),常及持续性动词连用；for the moment“暂时、目前”,常用于现在时；in a moment“一会儿、立即、马上”(=soon; in a few minutes),一般用于将来时；at the moment“此刻,眼下”(=now),用于现在进行时。如：Pleas

22、e wait for a moment.(请稍等)/ Lets leave things as they are for the moment.(暂时就维持现状吧！) / Ill come back in a moment.(我过会儿回来)/ I am very busy at the moment.(眼下我很忙)(10)but的问题：用介词but引出另一个动词时,要注意：如果前面有do,后面就用原形动词,前面没有do时,后面的动词要加to。如：I could do nothing but wait.(我什么也做不了只能等) / They had no choice(选择) but to fi

23、ght.(他们没有选择只有战斗)(11)in front of 及in the front of： in front of“在的前面”, 及in the front of“在的前部”。如：A car was parking in front of the hall.(大厅跟前停着一辆汽车)/ In the front of the hall stood a big desk.(大厅前部立着一个大讲台) (12)except及besides的区别：except“除了”,表示排除掉某人物,即不包含；而besides“除了”则表示包含,即“不仅又”。如：Everyone went to the Pa

24、lace Museum except Tom.(除了Tom,大家都去了故宫博物院)(Tom没有去故宫)/ Besides Chinese he also studied many other subjects.(除了汉语之外,他还学其他许多功课)(“汉语”也是他学的功课之一)笔记区：练习1、Well have a hiking trip tomorrow, but when shall we meet?Lets make it _half past seven.A. on B. in C. to D. at 2、- Have you got the e-mail I sent you this

25、 morning? - I found an e-mail in my mailbox, but it wasnt _ you. A. from B. for C. about D. with3、Brad likes playing badminton a lot and he is _ the school badminton team.A. from B. at C. on D. with4、How do you learn Japanese at home？_ Japanese cartoons.A.By watch BBy watchingC.Through looking DWith

26、 seeing5、Over 10, 000 runners joined a half and a mini marathons in Xianlin, Nanjing _ May 7, 2017. A. in B. on C. at D. by6、Because of enough exercise and a good diet, Toms grandfather always looks in the pink. The phrase “in the pink” means . A. full of energy B. in good health C. in need of food

27、D. in need of strength7、The new jeans look nice _ Grace because she looks nice _ blue. A. on; in B. in; on C. for; on D. to; in 8、She shouldnt work _ weekends. A. in B. of C. on9、You can improve your English practicing more. A. by B. with C. of D. in10、I believe I can achieve my dream _ working hard

28、.A. in B. by C. with11、It is very kind you to help me with my lessons because it is very difficult me to learn them well Aof；for Bof；of Cfor；of Dfor；for12、There is nothing _ the morning of April 8th, is there?No.We will have a game of table tennis.Aon Bin Cof Dat13、Most of the wild animals are _beca

29、use of their bad living environment. So we must do something to save them. A. in need B. on duty C. at work D. in danger 14、The little bear is afraid to go aloneHe always walks _ his motherAbesides Bbeside Cbelow Dunder15、Themeeting will be held 2017.A. on B. at C. in D. of16、I can hardly go out at

30、night _ my parents permission.Athrough Bwithout Cagainst Dincluding17、Excuse me, how can I get to the theatre? Walk _ the white tall building, turn right and youll see it. A. past B. along C. across D. through18、The young man likes sleeping _ the windows open.He thinks it will let much more fresh ai

31、r _.Ain; in Bwith; in Cfor; with Don; with19、The book Harry Potter and the Philosophers Stone sold millions of copies all over the world. The underline part means _. A. more than one world B. outside the world C. in the present word D. throughout the world20、Choose the best answerSteven usually wash

32、es his car _ Sunday morning. A. at B. in C. on D. for21、单项选择；从各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Hurry up, Susan. The train will leave _ a quarter to eleven. A. to B. at C. in D. on22、Mary is flying to France soon. She will arrive _ London _ the morning of July 19.A. to， on B. in， on C. in， in D. at， in2

33、3、He tried his best to find a roommate to live _. A. / B. in C. with D.to24、单项填空；从A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。- Have you got the e-mail I sent you this morning? - I found an e-mail in my mailbox, but it wasnt _ you. A. from B. for C. about D. with25、Kathy always cares _ what others say so much that

34、she loses her own idea. A. about B . much C little D of26、They have sold _ the trousers _ your size. A. out ; in B. off ; with C. away ; of D. on ; in27、 I hear that Amy is trying to lose weight by taking weight-loss pills. In my opinion, looking good is important, but _, staying healthy is far more

35、 important. A. after all B. in all C. at all D. above all28、Modern equipment and no smoking are two of the things I like _ working here.A. with B. over C. at D. about29、We often climb mountains Sunday morning to keep ourselves healthy. A. in B. at C. to D. on30、Im not kidding.Im very serious _ paint

36、ing.Aabout Bfor Cwith31、Too many farmers have moved into big houses _ small gardens happily since the construction of Chinas new countryside started.Awith Bin Cfor Dfrom32、My sister came into my room _ a piece of cake in her hand.Ain Bon Cwith Dfor 33、Before he arrived _ the farm, his parents had fi

37、nished all the farm work. A. / B. on C. at D. to参考答案一、选择题1、D2、A3、C4、B点拨：考查方式的表达。by doing. 表示“通过做”。5、B 6、B7、A8、C9、A10、B11、A12、A13、答案：D首先明确选项中每个单词或短语的意思，A：需要；B：值日；C：在工作；D：处于危险中；根据题干结合推测设空处句子的句意是大多数野生动物由于恶劣的生存条件而处在濒危之中，由此判断句子中缺少处于危险中一词，故答案为D14、B15、C 16、B17、A18、B19、D20、C21、B22、B23、C24、A25、A 26、A 27、A28、

38、D29、D30、Abe serious about “对认真”。31、A32、C33、C。此题at应及arrive搭配，即：arrive at+地点。 2018年中考资料介绍英语部分1. 中考词汇辨析122组 2.中学英语词组大全3.初中必背的英语重点词组句型4.中考英语词组必考必备5.中考英语各种题型的解题技巧6.2018中考英语阅读天天练系列日常生活类7.2018中考英语完形天天练系列日常生活类8.2018中考英语阅读天天练系列人生百味类9.2018中考英语完形天天练系列人生百味、科普宣传类10.2018中考英语阅读天天练系列科普宣传类11.2018中考英语完形天天练系列政治经济文化类12

39、.2018中考英语阅读天天练系列政治经济文化类13.2018中考英语完形天天练系列人物传记、故事类14.2018中考英语完形天天练系列综合类15.2018中考英语阅读天天练系列综合类16.2018中考英语专项练习-作文17.2018中考英语专项练习-语法填空18.2018中考语法讲解及练习1动词19.2018中考语法讲解及练习2名词20.2018中考语法讲解及练习3介词21.2018中考语法讲解及练习4时态22.2018中考语法讲解及练习5语态23.2018中考语法讲解及练习6非谓语动词物理部分1.2018年中考物理模拟卷2.2016-2017学年毕业班中考模拟试卷物理3.2016-2017学年第二学期第一次质量检测物理试卷（2份）4.2016-2017学年第一学期物理期末质量检测5.2016-2017学年第一学期物理期末质量检测语文部分1.2018中考语文文言文专题练习数学部分1.2018中考数学模拟卷（一）2.2018中考数学专项练习-选择题（一）3.2018中考数学专项练习-选择题（二）期末部分1.2017-2018学年上学期九年级数学期末质量检测2.2017-2018学年初三第一学期物理期末质量检测3.2017-2018学年上学期九年级化学期末质量检测第 8 页