高中英语语法二轮复习：直接引语与间接引语（共26张PPT）.pptx

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1、英英英 语语语堂堂法课课语课课高 堂堂中直接引语与间接引语直接引语与间接引语直接引语与间接引语直接引语与间接引语直接引语与间接引语直接引语和间接引语的转换人称变化时态变化指示代词、时间状语、地点状语、方向性动词等的变化时态不需要变化的情况各种句式的转换直接引语为陈述句直接引语为疑问句直接引语为祈使句直接引语为感叹句直接引语与间接引语基本框架：直接引语与间接引语综述引述别人的话有两种方式：一是使用引号引出别人的原话，这叫作直接引语；一是用自己的话把别人的话转述出来，这叫作间接引语。直接引语变间接引语时，要注意人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语和地点状语等的变化。John said,“Im going

2、 to London with my father.”约翰说：“我要和父亲到伦敦去。”（引号内是直接引语。）John said that he was going to London with his father.约翰说她要和父亲去伦敦。（宾语从句是间接引语，时态随主句变成一般过去时。）注意：引号内句子的第一个首字母必须大写。一、直接引语和间接引语的转化1.人称变化直接引语变为间接引语时，人称变化可以遵循以下顺口溜：一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新。（1）“一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰，从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称进行变化。She sa

3、id,“My brother wants to go with me.她说：”我哥哥想跟我一起去。“She said her brother wanted to go with her.她说他哥哥想跟她一起去。一、直接引语和间接引语的转化（2）“二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称，或被第二人称所修饰，从句中的人称要跟引号外的主语的宾语一致。如果引号外的主语没有宾语，也可以用第一人称。He said to Kate,“How is your sister now”?他问凯特：“你姐姐现在好吗？”He asked Kate how her sister was the

4、n.他问凯特她姐姐那时好不好。一、直接引语和间接引语的转化（3）“第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰，从句中的人称一般不需要变化。Mr.Smith said,“Jack is a good worker.”史密斯先生说：“杰克是个好工人。”Mr.Smith said Jack was a good worker.斯密斯先生说杰克是个好工人。拓展：当原句中没有间接宾语时，则要将直接引语中的呼语变为宾语或间接引语；呼语也没有时，则要另外加上一个宾语或间接宾语，可以是me或us，也可以是其他代词或名词。One of the girls sai

5、d,“Let me go on with your work,Mr.Smith.”其中一个女孩说：“史密斯先生，让我和你一起工作吧。”One of the girls asked Mr.Smith to let her go on with his work.其中一个女孩要求史密斯先生和她一起工作。一、直接引语和间接引语的转化2.时态变化直接引语在变为间接引语时，若引述动词是一般过去时，时态需要做相应的调整。直接引语间接引语一般现在时一般过去时一般过去时过去完成时一般将来时过去将来时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时现在完成进行时过去完成进行时过去完成进行时过去完成进

6、行时一、直接引语和间接引语的转化直接引语在变为间接引语时，若引述动词是一般过去时，时态需要做相应的调整。She said,“I do morning exercises every day.”她说：“我明天都进行晨练。”She said that she did morning exercises every day.她说她每天精心晨练。（一般现在时变为一般过去时。）I asked her,“Where have you spent your holiday?”我问她：“你去哪里度假了？”I asked her where she had spent her holiday.我问她去哪里度假了

7、。（现在完成时变成过去完成时。）Hayley said to me,“I will see you at the same place tomorrow.”Hayley said to me that she would see me at the same place the next day.海莉说她第二天要在同一地点见我。（一般将来时变成过去将来时。）一、直接引语和间接引语的转化3.指示代词、时间状语、地点状语、方向性动词等的变化直接引语间接引语指示代词thisthat时间状语thesethosenowthentodaythat daytonightthat nightthis even

8、ingthat eveningyesterdaythe day beforeyesterday morningthe morning before一、直接引语和间接引语的转化4.时态不需要变化的情况（1）直接引语是客观真理时。The teacher said,“The earth goes round the sun.”老师说：“地球绕着太阳转。”The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.老师说地球绕着太阳转。（“地球绕着太阳转”是客观真理。）（2）直接引语中有明确表示过去时间的状语。He said to me,“I was born

9、 in 2012.”他对我说：“我出生在2012年。”He told me that he was born in 2012.他告诉我他出生在2012年。（“in 2012是一个确定的过去的时间状语。”）一、直接引语和间接引语的转化（3）直接引语所述事实在当时和目前同样生效。He said,“I am a boy,not a girl.”他说：“我是男孩，不是女孩。”He said that he is a boy,not a girl.他说他是男孩，不是女孩。（“我是男孩”是一个不变的事实。）（4）直接引语中的谓语动词表示一种反复出现或习惯性动作时。The girl said,“I get

10、up at six every morning.”那个女孩说：“我每天早晨6点起床。”The girl said that she gets up at six every morning.那个女孩说她每天早晨6点起床。一、直接引语和间接引语的转化（5）直接引语中含有since，when等表示过去的时间状语从句时。He said to me,“I have taught English since I came here.”他对我说：“自从来到这儿，我就教英语。”He told me that he had taught English since he came here.他告诉我自从来到这

11、儿他就教英语。注意：此时在变为间接引语时，只改变主句的谓语动词，从句的一般过去时则不变。（6）直接引语中含有某种情态动词时。The teacher said to me,“You must pay more attention to your pronunciation.”老师对我说：“你必须多注意发音。”The teacher told to me that I must pay more attention to my pronunciation.老师告诉我我必须多注意发音。一、直接引语和间接引语的转化（6）直接引语中含有某种情态动词时。He said,“I could swim when

12、 I was only six.”He said that he could swim when he was only six.他说他6岁就会游泳了。二、各种句式的转换1.直接引语为陈述句（1）直接引语为陈述句式，转化为间接引语时变为that引导的宾语从句（口语中that可以省略），主句的引述动词主要有say，tell，repeat，explain，think等。He said,“I caught a cold yesterday.”他说：“我昨天感冒了。”He said(that)he had caught a cold the day before.他说他头一天感冒了。Helen sai

13、d to me,“Im tired of taking such exams.”海伦对我说：“我讨厌参加这种考试。”Helen told me(that)she was tired of taking such exams.海伦告诉我她讨厌参加这种考试。二、各种句式的转换（2）在下列情况下。往往要保留that。that的省略会产生歧义。Linda said disappointedly that when she arrived at the station,the train had already left.琳达很失望的说，她到达车站时火车已经开走了。（如果省略that，when引导的从句

14、既可以理解为said的宾语，又可以理解为修饰后一个分句。）二、各种句式的转换（2）在下列情况下。往往要保留that。当引述动词后面不止跟一个that引导的从句时，第二个that不能省略。He said(that)he was leaving for Europe the next week and that he would stay there for half a year.他说他下周要到欧洲去并在那里呆半年。（第二个that不能省略。）注意：主句中如果有say to sb.（对某人说），通常变为tell sb.（告诉某人）。二、各种句式的转换2.直接引语为疑问句直接引语是一般疑问句或反意

15、疑问句，间接引语变为由if/whether引导的宾语从句；是选择疑问句变为whetheror式宾语从句；是特殊疑问句则变为由原疑问词作连接词来引导的宾语从句。从句的谓语动词say改为ask或wonder,do not know,want to know,be not sure,be puzzled等。（1）一般疑问句或反意疑问句变为if/whether引导的宾语从句。“Did you go to the British Museum yesterday?”asked Kate.凯特问：“你昨天有没有去大英博物馆？”Kate asked me if I had gone to the Briti

16、sh Museum the day before.凯特问我头一天有没有去大英博物馆。二、各种句式的转换（1）一般疑问句或反意疑问句变为if/whether引导的宾语从句。The old man said to a passer-by,“Will you tell me the way to the Great Wall Hotel?”那位老人对一位过路人说：“请问到长城饭店该怎么走？”The old man asked a passer-by whether he could tell him the way to the Great Wall Hotel.那位老人请一位过路人告诉他去长城饭店

17、怎么走。（2）选择疑问句变为“whetheror”引导的宾语从句，不用“ifor”引导宾语从句。I asked him,“Will you stay at home or go to the cinema tonight?”我问她：“今晚你是待在家里还是去看电影。”I asked him whether he would stay at home or go to the cinema that night.我问他那天晚上是待在家里还是去看电影去了。二、各种句式的转换（3）特殊疑问句变为由原来的一般疑问词引导的宾语从句。“What do you do in your free time?”he

18、 asked me.他问我：“你业余时间做什么？”He asked me what I did in my free time.他问我业余时间做什么。“Why did she go to America?”Paul asked.保罗问：“她为什么去美国？”Paul asked why she had gone to America.保罗问她为什么去了美国。二、各种句式的转换3.直接引语为祈使句将祈使句式的直接引语变为间接引语时须将祈使句的谓语动词变为不定式，在引述动词后作宾语补足语。原引述动词say须改为ask（让），tell（告诉），order（命令），beg（乞求），warn（警告），ad

19、vise（建议）等。The teacher said to the boy,“Open the window.”老师对男孩说：“打开窗户。”The teacher told the boy to open the window.老师让男孩把窗户打开。His father said to him,“Dont play computer before finishing homework.”父亲对他说：“在完成作业之前不准玩电脑。”His father told him not to play computer before finishing homework.父亲要求他在完成作业之前不准用电脑

20、。（在不定式to play前加not构成否定。）二、各种句式的转换3.直接引语为祈使句将祈使句式的直接引语变为间接引语时须将祈使句的谓语动词变为不定式，在引述动词后作宾语补足语。原引述动词say须改为ask（让），tell（告诉），order（命令），beg（乞求），warn（警告），advise（建议）等。He said,“Lets go to the theatre.”他说：“我们去剧院吧。”He suggested(our)going to the theatre.他建议我们去剧院。John said to Bill,“Lets go hiking tomorrow.”约翰对比尔说：“明

21、天咱们去徒步旅行吧。”John suggested to bill that they(should)go hiking the next day.约翰向比尔第二天提议第二天去徒步旅行。二、各种句式的转换4.直接引语为感叹句直接引语是感叹句，变为间接引语时可以用what或how引导，也可以用that引导。She often says,“What a great country China is!”她常说：“中国是一个多么伟大的国家啊！”She often says that China is a very great country.她常说中国是一个非常伟大的国家。She often says

22、 how great a country China is.她常常赞赏的说中国多么伟大。直接引语与间接引语巩固练习将下列句子改为间接引语。1.“Where will you go tomorrow?”,Mother asked me.2.The old woman said to me,“Please lock the door for me.”3.The boy told his teacher,“We went to an exhibition yesterday.”4.He said,“Ill go to the station to see off a friend of mine t

23、his afternoon.”5.“Hello,how are you?”,he said to me.Mother asked me where I would go the next day.The old woman asked me to lock the door for her.The boy told his teacher that they had gone to an exhibition the day before.He said that he would go to the station to see off a friend of his that aftern

24、oon.He asked me how I was.直接引语与间接引语巩固练习将下列句子改为间接引语。6.Tom said to me angrily,“Why dont you tell me you have been here for two weeks?”7.John said to Mary,“Do you remember I borrowed a diamond necklace from you?”8.The teacher said to Li Ming,“Dont make the same mistake again.”9.“Are you leaving today o

25、r tomorrow?”,I asked her.10.The nurse said to the children,“The sun rises in the east.”Tom asked me angrily why I didnt tell him I had been there for two weeks.John asked Mary if she remembered he had borrowed a diamond necklace from her.The teacher told Li Ming not to make the same mistake again.I

26、asked her whether she was leaving that day or the next day.The nurse told the children that the sun rises in the east.直接引语与间接引语巩固练习将下列句子改为间接引语。11.“Have you been here for ages?”she said.12.“I took the dictionary home with me,”he said.13.“Frank,I came to return you the book,”Henry said.14.He asked,“Ar

27、e you sure your mother will come?”15.He asked,“Are you a teacher or a student?”She said if I had been here for ages.He said that he had taken the dictionary home with him.Henry told Frank that he had come to return him the book.He asked if I was sure my mother would come.He asked whether I was a tea

28、cher or a student.直接引语与间接引语巩固练习将下列句子改为间接引语。16“Please dont take any risks,”said his wife.17“Dont forget to take your pills,”said mother to his daughter.18“Put down your gun,man!”said the inspector.19“Be quiet,girls.”said the old man.20“Bring your textbook with you tomorrow,please.”The teacher said to her.“Please dont take any risks,”said his wife.“Dont forget to take your pills,”said mother to his daughter.“Put down your gun,man!”said the inspector.“Be quiet,girls.”said the old man.“Bring your textbook with you tomorrow,please.”The teacher said to her.