2022年职称英语-理工-B类每日一练06-03-职称英语-理工-B类.docx

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1、2022年职称英语-理工-B类每日一练06-03-职称英语-理工-B类Bill Gates: Unleashing Your CreativityIve always been an optimist and I suppose it is rooted in1 my belief that the power of creativity and intelligence can make the world a better place.For as long as I can remember, Ive loved learning new things and solving probl

2、ems. So when I sat down at a computer for the first time in seventh grade, I was hooked. It was a clunky old teletype machine and it could barely do anything compared to the computers we have today.2But it changed my life.When my friend Paul Allen and I started Microsoft30 years ago，we had a vision

3、of “a computer on every desk and in every home”, which probably sounded a little too optimistic at a time when most computers were the size of refrigerators. But we believed that personal computers would change the world .And they have.And after 30 years, Im still as inspired by computers as I was b

4、ack in seventh grade.I believe that computers are the most incredible tool we can use to feed our curiosity and inventiveness to help us solve problems that even the smartest people couldnt solve on their own.Computers have transformed how we learn，giving kids everywhere a window into all of the wor

5、lds knowledge. Theyre helping us build communities around the things we care about and to stay close to the people who are important to us, no matter where they are.3Like my friend Warren Buffett, I feel particularly lucky to do something every day that I love to do. He calls it “tap-dancing towork”

6、4. My job at Microsoft is as challenging as ever, but what makes me “tap-dancing to work” is when we show people something new, like a computer that can recognize your handwriting or your speech, or one that can store a lifetimes worth of photos, and they say, “I didnt know you could do that with a

7、PC5! ”But for all the cool things that a person can do with a PC，there are lots of other ways we can put our creativity and intelligence to work to improve our world6. There are still far too many people in the world whose most basic needs go unmet7. Every year, for example, millions of people die f

8、rom diseases that are easy to prevent or treat in the developed world.I believe that my own good fortune brings with it a responsibility to give back to the world. My wife, Melinda, and I have committed to8 improving health and education in a way that can help as many people as possible.As a father,

9、 I believe that the death of a child in Africa is no less poignant or tragic than9 the death of a child anywhere else, and that it doesnt take much to make an immense difference in these childrens lives10.Im still very much an optimist, and I believe that progress on even the worlds toughest problem

10、s is possible and its happening every day. Were seeing new drugs for deadly diseases, new diagnostic tools，and new attention paid to the health problems in the developing world.Im excited by the possibilities I see for medicine, for education and, of course, for technology. And I believe that throug

11、h our natural inventiveness, creativity and willingness to solve tough problems, were going to make some amazing achievements in all these areas in my lifetime.词汇：unleash/ nli: / vt.解开;放纵;使自由inspire/ nspa(r) / vt.鼓舞optimist/Dptmst/ n.乐观主义者incredible/ nkredbl/ adj.难以置信的clunky(clonky) /klnk/ adj.发出沉闷金

12、属声的curiosity/kjurDst/ n.好奇心inventivenessn.发明创造的能力teletype/teltap/ (teletype-writer) n.电传打字机poignant/ pnjnt / adj.令人悲痛的，可怜的tragic/trdk/ adj.悲剧的，悲惨的vision/vn/ n.想象;幻想;美景immense/Imens/ adj.巨大的注释：1.be rooted in：扎根于;深深地存在于2.It was a clunky old teletype machine and it could barely do anything compared to

13、the computers we have today.那是一台笨重的旧式电传打字机，跟我们今天的电脑相比几乎干不了什么事。本句中，barely意为almost not; compare to在美国英语中也可以等同于compare with(与相比)。3.Theyre helping us build communities around the things we care about and to stay close to the people who are important to us, no matter where they are.电脑帮助我们就我们所关心的事情建立一个交流的

14、场所，并且与那些我们认为对我们有重要意义的人密切相处，不管他们身在何处。care about指不管喜欢或不喜欢的事情都很关心、介意、在乎、计较。4.“tap-dancing to work”：“跳着踢踏舞工作”。tap原意是“叩击、轻敲”;tap dance是“踢踏舞”。这里实际意思是“(手指)轻轻敲击键盘的工作”。5.PC (personal computer)：个人计算机6.But for all the cool things that a person can do with a PC, there are lots of other ways we can put our creat

15、ivity and intelligence to work to improve our world.除了我们能用计算机做的所有神奇的事情，还有很多其他方式发挥我们的创造力和智慧，从而使世界更加美好。7.go unmet：得不到满足。在这里go是系动词，unmet是过去分词作表语。mit to此处意为承诺，保证做某事。9.no less. than：和 一样，不亚于10. and that it doesnt take much to make an immense difference in these childrens lives.而且要改善这些孩子们的命运，其实不难。此处it是形式主

16、语，真正的主语是不定式短语to make an immense difference in these childrens lives。1、Bill Gates and his wife consider it their duty to help the poor better their health and education as much as possible.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentionedCell Phones Increase Traffic, Pedestrian FatalitiesCell phones are a danger on t

17、he road in more ways than one. Two new studies show that talking on the phone while traveling, whether youre driving or on foot, is increasing both pedestrian deaths and those of drivers and passengers, and recommend crackdowns on cell1use by both pedestrians and drivers.The new studies, lead-author

18、ed by Rutgers University, Newark, Economics Professor Peter D. Loeb2, relate the impact of cell phones on accident fatalities to the number of cell phones in use, showing that the current increase in deaths resulting from cell phone use follows a period when cell phones actually helped to reduce ped

19、estrian and traffic fatalities. However, this reduction in fatalities disappeared once the numbers of phones in use reached a “critical mass”3 of 100 million, the study found.These studies looked at cell phone use and motor vehicle accidents from 1975 through 2002, and factored in4a number of variab

20、les, including vehicle speed, alcohol consumption, seat belt use, and miles driven. The studies found the cell phone-fatality correlation to be true even when including factors such as speed, alcohol consumption, and seat belt use.Loeb and his co-author determined that, at the current time, cell pho

21、ne use has a “significant adverse effect on pedestrian safety” and that “cell phones and their usage above a critical threshold5adds to motor vehicle fatalities.” In the late 1980s and part of the 1990s, before the numbers of phones exploded, cell phone use actually had a “life-saving effect” in ped

22、estrian and traffic accidents, Loeb notes. “Cell-phone users were able to quickly call for medical assistance when involved in an accident. This quick medical response actually reduced the number of traffic deaths for a time,” Loeb hypothesizes.However, this was not the case when cells were first us

23、ed in the mid-1980s, when they caused a “life-taking effect” among pedestrians, drivers and passengers in vehicles. In those early days, when there were fewer than a million phones, fatalities increased, says Loeb, because drivers and pedestrians probably were still adjusting to the novelty of using

24、 them, and there werent enough cell phones in use to make a difference in summoning help following an accident, he explains.The “life-saving effect” occurred as the volume of phones grew into the early 1990s, and increasing numbers of cells were used to call 911 following accidents, leading to a dro

25、p in fatalities, explains Loeb. But this life-saving effect was canceled out6once the numbers of phones reached a “critical mass” of about 100 million and the “life-taking effect” - increased accidents and fatalities outweighed the benefits of quick access to 911 services, according to Loeb.Loeb and

26、 his co-authors used econometric models to analyze data from a number of government and private studies. He and his co-authors recommend that governments consider more aggressive policies to reduce cell phone use by both drivers and pedestrians, to reduce the number of fatalities.词汇：crackdown n.制裁，严

27、惩 econometric adj.计量经济的outweigh v.超过 hypothesize v.假设，假定fatality n.死亡者 注释： 1. cell：cell phone 的缩写。 2. The new studies, lead-authored by Rutgers University, Newark, Economics Professor Peter D. Loeb第一作者为罗格斯大学纽瓦克分校的经济学教授 Peter D. Loeb 的新研究成果 lead-author：第一作者； lead-authored 为动词的过去分词形式，具有被动意义。罗格斯大学纽瓦克分校

28、是美国新泽西州昀负盛名的文理学院。3. critical mass：临界数量。4. factored in：包括，把计算在内。5. a critical threshold：指的是前文所说的 critical mass。见注释 3。6. was canceled out：被抵消。2、What is said about cell phone use in paragraph 4?A. The number of cell phones in use exploded in the late 1980s and part of the 1990s.B. The number of traffic

29、 deaths was reduced in the late 1980s and part of the 1990s due to cell phone use.C. Cell phone users are likely to be involved in traffic accidents.D. The use of cell phones has a life-saving effect for pedestrians and drivers.The Magic of SoundMusic is one of the most beautiful forms of artistic e

30、xpressions ever invented. In movies and plays, music has an added function1: it not only moves people but also can shock people. Is it true that an ordinary musical instrument can be so powerful?Our eardrums can withstand sound within 20 to 80 decibels. Once sound exceeds this limit2, even beautiful

31、 music will become car-splitting noise3and harm health. A strong blast of high sound can twist and break a solid iron sheet. 1 The noise from a planes engine is over 140 decibels. However, the sound of a flute is at most a few decibels. 2 It has been proven that people who have worked in an environm

32、ent with a high sound intensity for a long time suffer varying degrees of heart disease or altered brain waves.In movies, sometimes the hero can produce a sound that ordinary people cant hear and only those who have the same ability can feel. In nature, there is actually sound that is beyond our hea

33、ring. In physics, the sound that exceeds 20,000 Hz is called ultrasonic. 3 It does no harm to health.Sound less than 20 Hz is called infrasonic waves. When we move, the air will vibrate. 4 As the frequency of infrasonic waves is close to that of peoples internal organs4, infrasonic wave may cause re

34、sonance in human bodies. As a result, peoples vision may weaken and internal organs may rupture. However, whether an infrasonic wave can be used as a weapon depends on its intensity5. If its intensity is very low, it wont damage internal organs or a persons health. 5 When wind blows at a force of 3

35、or 4 over the sea6, it will produce infrasonic waves of several decibels. Only typhoons can produce infrasonic waves of over 100 decibels. At present, scientists can only produce infrasonic weapons in the lab with the help of advanced scientific tools and powerful electric power.词汇：Immigrant / mgrnt

36、 / vt. 使移居入地Unique / ni:k / adj. 独特的Scanner / skn(r) / n. 扫描仪Disrupt / dsrpt / vt. 使中断Bilingual / balgwl / adj. 具备双语能力的Neuroscientist / njrsantst / n. 神经系统家注释：1. an added function：另加的一种功能2. Once sound exceeds this limit：一旦声音越过了这个界限。 once是时间状语从句的连词。如： Once you have learned how to swim, you will love

37、this sport. 一旦你学会了游泳，你会爱上这一运动的。3. ear-splitting noise：震耳欲聋的噪音4. As the frequency of infrasonic waves is close to that of peoples internal organs：由于次声波的频率接近于人体内部器官的频率。 that指代前面的 frequency。5. However, whether an infrasonic wave can be used as a weapon depends on its intensity：但是，次声波能否用作武器取决于次声波的强度。 wh

38、ether an infrasonic wave can be used as a weapon是从句，用作句子的主语。6. When wind blows at a force of 3 or 4 over the sea：当海面上吹起 34级风的时候练习：A High sound of 150 decibels can kill a healthy rat.B The vibration of air can produce infrasonic waves.C We cannot play high-pitched music with ordinary musical instrume

39、nts.D If the intensity of infrasonic wave exceeds 160 decibels, it is extremely harmful.E Dolphins, whales and bats can make such high-frequency sound.F Therefore, the sound of ordinary musical instruments cannot harm your health.3、空5A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FWatching Microcurrents FlowWe can now watc

40、h electricity as it flows through even the tiniest circuits. By scanning the magnetic field generated as electric currents flow through objects, physicists have managed 1 . The technology will allow manufacturers to scan microchips for faults, as well as revealing microscopic defects in anything fro

41、m aircraft to banknotes.Gang Xiao and Ben Schrag at Brown University in Providence, Rhode Island, visualize the current by measuring subtle changes in the magnetic field of an object and 2 .Their sensor is adapted1from an existing piece of technology that is used to measure large magnetic fields in

42、computer hard drives.2“We redesigned the magnetic sensor to make it capable of measuring very weak changes in magnetic fields,” says Xiao.The resulting device is capable of detecting a current as weak as 10 microamperes , even when the wire is buried deep within a chip, and it shows up features as s

43、mall as 40 nanometers across.At present, engineers looking for defects in a chip have to peel off the layers and examine the circuits visually; this is one of the obstacles 3 . But the new magnetic microscope is sensitive enough to look inside chips and reveal faults such as short circuits, nicks in

44、 the wires or electro migration where a dense area of current picks up surrounding atoms and move them along. “It is like watching a river flow,” explains Xiao.As well as scanning tiny circuits, the microscope can be used to reveal the internal structure of any object capable of conducting electrici

45、ty.3 For example, it could look directly at microscopic cracks in an aeroplanes fuselage, 4 . The technique cannot yet pick up electrical activity in the human brain because the current there is too small, but Xiao doesnt rule it out4 in the future. “I can never say never,” he says.Although the rese

46、archers have only just made the technical details of the microscope public, it is already on sale,5 from electronics company Micro Magnetics in Fall River, Massachusetts. It is currently the size of a refrigerator and takes several minute to scan a circuit, but Xiao and Schrag arc working 5 .词汇：circ

47、uit / skt /n电路scan / skn /vt扫描；细看magnetic / mgnetk /adj磁铁的；磁石的subtle / stl /adj精巧的；细微的visualize / vulaz /vt使形象化；使具体化dense / dens /adj密集的；稠密的sensor / sens(r) /n感应器注释：1. is adapted：(使)适应。作不及物动词时的用法是：“ adapt to +名词性成分”，如 : The young man from the countryside adapted well to life in the big city.这个农村青年很能

48、适应大城市的生活。易混的词： (1) adopt采取；采纳（及物动词 )。 adopt a positive attitude采取积极的态度。 (2) adept熟练的；擅长的（形容词 )。be adept in (或 at)，如：This boy is adept in/at figures.这个男孩擅长计算。2. computer hard drives：计算机硬盘3. conducting electricity：导电4. rule out：排除的可能性。又如： The police have ruled out murder in the case of the girls death.警方在姑娘死亡案中已排除他杀的可能性。5. on sale：出售；上市。如： Will the new product be on