2015年AHA心肺复苏及心血管疾病指南设计更新要点.pdf
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1、word 文档2015 年 AHA心肺复苏与心血管疾病指南更新要点10 月 15 日,美国心脏协会AHA 发布了 2015 版心肺复苏与心血管急救指南更新 以下简称指南更新 ,2015指南更新是基于国际证据评估流程,由来自39 个国家的 250 位证据审查专家共同参与完成。指南更新要点如下:新 AHA 建议级别和证据水平分级体系2015指南更新中使用的建议级别和证据水平,均依据 AHA的最新定义。最新版定义中的3 级建议有所更改,3 级:无益,当证据显示,有高质量或中等质量研究证据水平LOE分别为 A 或 B明确某项策略的效果并不优于对照组时,不常使用。证据水平也有所更改。LOE B 现分为
2、LOE B-R随机研究和 LOE B-NR 非随机研究。LOE C 现分为 LOE C-LD有限数据和 C-EO专家意见。总的来说,复苏学的证据水平和建议级别都较低,2015 版的所有建议中仅 1%315条建议中有 3 条基于最高证据水平LOE A,仅 25%的建议 315 条建议中 78 条word 文档被认定为 1 级强建议。2015指南更新中的大局部建议69%都只有最低证据水平的支持 LOE C-LD 或 C-EO ,将近一半 315 条建议中有 144 条,45%被定为 2 级弱建议。急救系统和持续质量改良2015 指南更新为利益相关方提供了一个审视救治体系的新视角,区分了院内心脏骤停
3、IHCA和院外心脏骤停OHCA 。要点包括?救治体系通用分类?将 AHA成人生存链分为两链:一链为院内救治体系,另一链为院外救治体系?检视有关心脏骤停救治体系的最优证据的评估,集中在心脏骤停、ST段抬高型心肌梗死STEMI 和卒中问题上。非专业施救者心肺复苏2015指南更新建议中,有关非专业施救者实施成人心肺复苏的关键问题和重大变更包括如下内容:?院外成人生存链的关键环节和2010 年一样,继续强调简化后的通用成人根底生命支持BLS 流程。?成人根底生命支持流程有所改变,反映了施救者可以在不离开患者身边的情况下启动紧急反响即通过手机的现实情况。?建议在有心脏骤停风险人群的社区执行公共场所除颤P
4、AD 方案。?鼓励迅速识别无反响情况,启动紧急反响系统,与鼓励非专业施救者在发现患者没有反响且没有呼吸或呼吸不正常如喘息时开始心肺复苏的建议得到强化。?进一步强调了调度人员需快速识别可能的心脏骤停,并立即向呼叫者提供心肺复苏指导即调度员指导下的心肺复苏。?确定了单一施救者的施救文档编码:CJ4S7V2J4V5 HY4S5Z3G4G8 ZU1V6H9V9P7文档编码:CJ4S7V2J4V5 HY4S5Z3G4G8 ZU1V6H9V9P7文档编码:CJ4S7V2J4V5 HY4S5Z3G4G8 ZU1V6H9V9P7文档编码:CJ4S7V2J4V5 HY4S5Z3G4G8 ZU1V6H9V9P7文
5、档编码:CJ4S7V2J4V5 HY4S5Z3G4G8 ZU1V6H9V9P7文档编码:CJ4S7V2J4V5 HY4S5Z3G4G8 ZU1V6H9V9P7文档编码:CJ4S7V2J4V5 HY4S5Z3G4G8 ZU1V6H9V9P7文档编码:CJ4S7V2J4V5 HY4S5Z3G4G8 ZU1V6H9V9P7文档编码:CJ4S7V2J4V5 HY4S5Z3G4G8 ZU1V6H9V9P7文档编码:CJ4S7V2J4V5 HY4S5Z3G4G8 ZU1V6H9V9P7文档编码:CJ4S7V2J4V5 HY4S5Z3G4G8 ZU1V6H9V9P7文档编码:CJ4S7V2J4V5 HY4S
6、5Z3G4G8 ZU1V6H9V9P7文档编码:CJ4S7V2J4V5 HY4S5Z3G4G8 ZU1V6H9V9P7文档编码:CJ4S7V2J4V5 HY4S5Z3G4G8 ZU1V6H9V9P7文档编码:CJ4S7V2J4V5 HY4S5Z3G4G8 ZU1V6H9V9P7文档编码:CJ4S7V2J4V5 HY4S5Z3G4G8 ZU1V6H9V9P7文档编码:CJ4S7V2J4V5 HY4S5Z3G4G8 ZU1V6H9V9P7文档编码:CJ4S7V2J4V5 HY4S5Z3G4G8 ZU1V6H9V9P7文档编码:CJ4S7V2J4V5 HY4S5Z3G4G8 ZU1V6H9V9P7文
7、档编码:CJ4S7V2J4V5 HY4S5Z3G4G8 ZU1V6H9V9P7文档编码:CJ4S7V2J4V5 HY4S5Z3G4G8 ZU1V6H9V9P7文档编码:CJ4S7V2J4V5 HY4S5Z3G4G8 ZU1V6H9V9P7文档编码:CJ4S7V2J4V5 HY4S5Z3G4G8 ZU1V6H9V9P7文档编码:CJ4S7V2J4V5 HY4S5Z3G4G8 ZU1V6H9V9P7文档编码:CJ4S7V2J4V5 HY4S5Z3G4G8 ZU1V6H9V9P7文档编码:CJ4S7V2J4V5 HY4S5Z3G4G8 ZU1V6H9V9P7文档编码:CJ4S7V2J4V5 HY4S
8、5Z3G4G8 ZU1V6H9V9P7文档编码:CJ4S7V2J4V5 HY4S5Z3G4G8 ZU1V6H9V9P7文档编码:CJ4S7V2J4V5 HY4S5Z3G4G8 ZU1V6H9V9P7文档编码:CJ4S7V2J4V5 HY4S5Z3G4G8 ZU1V6H9V9P7文档编码:CJ4S7V2J4V5 HY4S5Z3G4G8 ZU1V6H9V9P7文档编码:CJ4S7V2J4V5 HY4S5Z3G4G8 ZU1V6H9V9P7文档编码:CJ4S7V2J4V5 HY4S5Z3G4G8 ZU1V6H9V9P7文档编码:CJ4S7V2J4V5 HY4S5Z3G4G8 ZU1V6H9V9P7文
9、档编码:CJ4S7V2J4V5 HY4S5Z3G4G8 ZU1V6H9V9P7文档编码:CJ4S7V2J4V5 HY4S5Z3G4G8 ZU1V6H9V9P7文档编码:CJ4S7V2J4V5 HY4S5Z3G4G8 ZU1V6H9V9P7文档编码:CJ4S7V2J4V5 HY4S5Z3G4G8 ZU1V6H9V9P7文档编码:CJ4S7V2J4V5 HY4S5Z3G4G8 ZU1V6H9V9P7文档编码:CJ4S7V2J4V5 HY4S5Z3G4G8 ZU1V6H9V9P7文档编码:CJ4S7V2J4V5 HY4S5Z3G4G8 ZU1V6H9V9P7文档编码:CJ4S7V2J4V5 HY4S
10、5Z3G4G8 ZU1V6H9V9P7文档编码:CJ4S7V2J4V5 HY4S5Z3G4G8 ZU1V6H9V9P7文档编码:CJ4S7V2J4V5 HY4S5Z3G4G8 ZU1V6H9V9P7文档编码:CJ4S7V2J4V5 HY4S5Z3G4G8 ZU1V6H9V9P7文档编码:CJ4S7V2J4V5 HY4S5Z3G4G8 ZU1V6H9V9P7文档编码:CJ4S7V2J4V5 HY4S5Z3G4G8 ZU1V6H9V9P7文档编码:CJ4S7V2J4V5 HY4S5Z3G4G8 ZU1V6H9V9P7word 文档顺序的建议:单一施救者应先开始胸外按压再进展人工呼吸C-A-B 而非
11、 A-B-C,以减少首次按压的时间延迟。单一施救者开始心肺复苏时应进展30 次胸外按压后做2 次人工呼吸。?继续强调了高质量心肺复苏的特点:以足够的速率和幅度进展按压,保证每次按压后胸廓完全回弹,尽可能减少按压中断并防止过度通气。?建议的胸外按压速率是100 至 120 次/分钟此前为 至少100 次/分钟。?建议的成人胸外按压幅度是至少2 英寸 5 厘米,但不超过2.4 英寸6 厘米。?如果有疑似危与生命的、与阿片类药物相关的紧急情况,可以考虑由旁观者给予纳洛酮。医护人员 BLS在 2015指南更新中,针对医务人员的关键问题与重大变更如下:?这些建议使得应急反响系统的启动更加灵活,更加符合医
12、护人员的临床环境。?鼓励经过培训的施救者同时进展几个步骤即同时检查呼吸和脉搏,以缩短开始首次胸部按压的时间。?由多名经过训练有素的施救者组成的综合小组可以采用一套精心设计的方法,同时完成多个步骤和评估,而不用如单一施救者那样依次完成例如由 1 名施救者启动急救反响系统,第2 名施救者开始胸外按压,第3 名进展通气或者取得球囊面罩进展人工呼吸,第4 名取回并设置好除颤器。?运用绩效指标,进一步强调了高质量心肺复苏包括以足够的速率和深度进展按压,保证每次按压后胸廓回弹,尽可能减少按压中断,并防止过度通气。见表1。?按压速率改为每分钟100 至 120 次。?按压成人深度改为至少2 英寸 5 厘米而
13、不超过 2.4 英寸 6 厘米。?为使每次按压后胸廓充分回弹,施救者必须防止在按压间隙倚靠在患者胸上。?判断减少按压中断的标准是以胸外按压在整体心肺复苏中占的比例确定的,所占比例越高越好,目标比例为至少60%。?如果紧急医疗系统采用包括持续胸部按压的综合救治干预,对于院外心脏骤停患者可以考虑在综合救治干预中使用被动通气技术。?对于正在进展持续心肺复苏且有高级气道的患者,对通气速率的建议简化为每6 秒一次呼吸每分钟10 次呼吸。心肺复苏的替代技术和辅助装置传统心肺复苏包括人工胸外按压配合人工呼吸。从产生明显心输出量的角度来说,这存在固有的低效的一面。已研究出传统心肺复苏的一系列替代方法和辅助手段
14、,以便在对心脏骤停实施复苏的过程中增强心输出量。2010 版指南出版以来,已有很多临床试验给这些替代方法的有效性提供了文档编码:CJ4S7V2J4V5 HY4S5Z3G4G8 ZU1V6H9V9P7文档编码:CJ4S7V2J4V5 HY4S5Z3G4G8 ZU1V6H9V9P7文档编码:CJ4S7V2J4V5 HY4S5Z3G4G8 ZU1V6H9V9P7文档编码:CJ4S7V2J4V5 HY4S5Z3G4G8 ZU1V6H9V9P7文档编码:CJ4S7V2J4V5 HY4S5Z3G4G8 ZU1V6H9V9P7文档编码:CJ4S7V2J4V5 HY4S5Z3G4G8 ZU1V6H9V9P7文
15、档编码:CJ4S7V2J4V5 HY4S5Z3G4G8 ZU1V6H9V9P7文档编码:CJ4S7V2J4V5 HY4S5Z3G4G8 ZU1V6H9V9P7文档编码:CJ4S7V2J4V5 HY4S5Z3G4G8 ZU1V6H9V9P7文档编码:CJ4S7V2J4V5 HY4S5Z3G4G8 ZU1V6H9V9P7文档编码:CJ4S7V2J4V5 HY4S5Z3G4G8 ZU1V6H9V9P7文档编码:CJ4S7V2J4V5 HY4S5Z3G4G8 ZU1V6H9V9P7文档编码:CJ4S7V2J4V5 HY4S5Z3G4G8 ZU1V6H9V9P7文档编码:CJ4S7V2J4V5 HY4S
16、5Z3G4G8 ZU1V6H9V9P7文档编码:CJ4S7V2J4V5 HY4S5Z3G4G8 ZU1V6H9V9P7文档编码:CJ4S7V2J4V5 HY4S5Z3G4G8 ZU1V6H9V9P7文档编码:CJ4S7V2J4V5 HY4S5Z3G4G8 ZU1V6H9V9P7文档编码:CJ4S7V2J4V5 HY4S5Z3G4G8 ZU1V6H9V9P7文档编码:CJ4S7V2J4V5 HY4S5Z3G4G8 ZU1V6H9V9P7文档编码:CJ4S7V2J4V5 HY4S5Z3G4G8 ZU1V6H9V9P7文档编码:CJ4S7V2J4V5 HY4S5Z3G4G8 ZU1V6H9V9P7文
17、档编码:CJ4S7V2J4V5 HY4S5Z3G4G8 ZU1V6H9V9P7文档编码:CJ4S7V2J4V5 HY4S5Z3G4G8 ZU1V6H9V9P7文档编码:CJ4S7V2J4V5 HY4S5Z3G4G8 ZU1V6H9V9P7文档编码:CJ4S7V2J4V5 HY4S5Z3G4G8 ZU1V6H9V9P7文档编码:CJ4S7V2J4V5 HY4S5Z3G4G8 ZU1V6H9V9P7文档编码:CJ4S7V2J4V5 HY4S5Z3G4G8 ZU1V6H9V9P7文档编码:CJ4S7V2J4V5 HY4S5Z3G4G8 ZU1V6H9V9P7文档编码:CJ4S7V2J4V5 HY4S
18、5Z3G4G8 ZU1V6H9V9P7文档编码:CJ4S7V2J4V5 HY4S5Z3G4G8 ZU1V6H9V9P7文档编码:CJ4S7V2J4V5 HY4S5Z3G4G8 ZU1V6H9V9P7文档编码:CJ4S7V2J4V5 HY4S5Z3G4G8 ZU1V6H9V9P7文档编码:CJ4S7V2J4V5 HY4S5Z3G4G8 ZU1V6H9V9P7文档编码:CJ4S7V2J4V5 HY4S5Z3G4G8 ZU1V6H9V9P7文档编码:CJ4S7V2J4V5 HY4S5Z3G4G8 ZU1V6H9V9P7文档编码:CJ4S7V2J4V5 HY4S5Z3G4G8 ZU1V6H9V9P7文
19、档编码:CJ4S7V2J4V5 HY4S5Z3G4G8 ZU1V6H9V9P7文档编码:CJ4S7V2J4V5 HY4S5Z3G4G8 ZU1V6H9V9P7文档编码:CJ4S7V2J4V5 HY4S5Z3G4G8 ZU1V6H9V9P7文档编码:CJ4S7V2J4V5 HY4S5Z3G4G8 ZU1V6H9V9P7文档编码:CJ4S7V2J4V5 HY4S5Z3G4G8 ZU1V6H9V9P7文档编码:CJ4S7V2J4V5 HY4S5Z3G4G8 ZU1V6H9V9P7文档编码:CJ4S7V2J4V5 HY4S5Z3G4G8 ZU1V6H9V9P7文档编码:CJ4S7V2J4V5 HY4S
20、5Z3G4G8 ZU1V6H9V9P7文档编码:CJ4S7V2J4V5 HY4S5Z3G4G8 ZU1V6H9V9P7文档编码:CJ4S7V2J4V5 HY4S5Z3G4G8 ZU1V6H9V9P7文档编码:CJ4S7V2J4V5 HY4S5Z3G4G8 ZU1V6H9V9P7文档编码:CJ4S7V2J4V5 HY4S5Z3G4G8 ZU1V6H9V9P7word 文档新数据。与传统心肺复苏相比,这些技术和装置多需要特殊的设备和培训。当施救者或医疗系统考虑实施这些手段时,必须注意,有些技术和装置仅在精心选择的心脏骤停患者亚组中试验过。?不建议例行使用阻力阀装置ITD辅助传统心肺复苏。?最近的一
21、项随机对照试验明确,使用阻力阀装置搭配主动按压减压心肺复苏,可以增加院外心脏骤停患者神经功能完好的存活率。?不建议机械胸外按压装置的常规使用,但也已确认,特殊情况下这项技术可能有用。?假如怀疑由可逆因素导致心脏骤停,可以考虑对选定的患者使用体外心肺复苏。文档编码:CJ4S7V2J4V5 HY4S5Z3G4G8 ZU1V6H9V9P7文档编码:CJ4S7V2J4V5 HY4S5Z3G4G8 ZU1V6H9V9P7文档编码:CJ4S7V2J4V5 HY4S5Z3G4G8 ZU1V6H9V9P7文档编码:CJ4S7V2J4V5 HY4S5Z3G4G8 ZU1V6H9V9P7文档编码:CJ4S7V2J
22、4V5 HY4S5Z3G4G8 ZU1V6H9V9P7文档编码:CJ4S7V2J4V5 HY4S5Z3G4G8 ZU1V6H9V9P7文档编码:CJ4S7V2J4V5 HY4S5Z3G4G8 ZU1V6H9V9P7文档编码:CJ4S7V2J4V5 HY4S5Z3G4G8 ZU1V6H9V9P7文档编码:CJ4S7V2J4V5 HY4S5Z3G4G8 ZU1V6H9V9P7文档编码:CJ4S7V2J4V5 HY4S5Z3G4G8 ZU1V6H9V9P7文档编码:CJ4S7V2J4V5 HY4S5Z3G4G8 ZU1V6H9V9P7文档编码:CJ4S7V2J4V5 HY4S5Z3G4G8 ZU1V
23、6H9V9P7文档编码:CJ4S7V2J4V5 HY4S5Z3G4G8 ZU1V6H9V9P7文档编码:CJ4S7V2J4V5 HY4S5Z3G4G8 ZU1V6H9V9P7文档编码:CJ4S7V2J4V5 HY4S5Z3G4G8 ZU1V6H9V9P7文档编码:CJ4S7V2J4V5 HY4S5Z3G4G8 ZU1V6H9V9P7文档编码:CJ4S7V2J4V5 HY4S5Z3G4G8 ZU1V6H9V9P7文档编码:CJ4S7V2J4V5 HY4S5Z3G4G8 ZU1V6H9V9P7文档编码:CJ4S7V2J4V5 HY4S5Z3G4G8 ZU1V6H9V9P7文档编码:CJ4S7V2J
24、4V5 HY4S5Z3G4G8 ZU1V6H9V9P7文档编码:CJ4S7V2J4V5 HY4S5Z3G4G8 ZU1V6H9V9P7文档编码:CJ4S7V2J4V5 HY4S5Z3G4G8 ZU1V6H9V9P7文档编码:CJ4S7V2J4V5 HY4S5Z3G4G8 ZU1V6H9V9P7文档编码:CJ4S7V2J4V5 HY4S5Z3G4G8 ZU1V6H9V9P7文档编码:CJ4S7V2J4V5 HY4S5Z3G4G8 ZU1V6H9V9P7文档编码:CJ4S7V2J4V5 HY4S5Z3G4G8 ZU1V6H9V9P7文档编码:CJ4S7V2J4V5 HY4S5Z3G4G8 ZU1V
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