2018-2019学年化学苏教版选修四试题：专题2-第三单元-化学平衡的移动-专题综合检测(二)-Word版含答案.pdf

《2018-2019学年化学苏教版选修四试题：专题2-第三单元-化学平衡的移动-专题综合检测(二)-Word版含答案.pdf》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2018-2019学年化学苏教版选修四试题：专题2-第三单元-化学平衡的移动-专题综合检测(二)-Word版含答案.pdf（9页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、专题综合检测(二)(时间：60 分钟，满分：100 分)一、选择题(本题包括10 小题，每小题6 分，共 60 分)1在一定条件下发生反应2A(g)=2B(g)C(g)，将 2molA 通入 2L 容积恒定的密闭容器甲中，若维持容器内温度不变，5min 末测得 A 的物质的量为0.8mol，用 B 的浓度变化来表示该反应的速率为()A0.24mol/(Lmin)B0.08mol/(Lmin)C0.06mol/(Lmin)D 0.12mol/(Lmin)解析：选 D。根据题中数据首先计算v(A)，则 v(A)2mol 0.8mol2L 5min0.12mol/(Lmin)，再由 v(A)v(B)

2、11 可得：v(B)0.12mol/(Lmin)。2下列有关化学反应速率的说法中正确的是()A氢气与氮气能够缓慢地反应生成氨气，使用合适的催化剂可以提高化学反应速率B等质量的锌粉和锌片与相同体积、相同浓度的盐酸反应，反应速率相等C用铁片与硫酸制备氢气时，浓硫酸可以加快产生氢气的速率D增大反应CO2(g)H2(g)CO(g)H2O(g)的压强，反应速率不变解析：选 A。锌粉与盐酸的接触面积大，所以锌粉与盐酸反应产生氢气的速率比锌片快，B 错误；浓硫酸能够使铁钝化，形成的氧化膜隔绝了硫酸与铁的接触，反应停止，C 错误；尽管反应前后气体的物质的量不变，但增大压强，体积缩小，反应体系中的有关气体的浓度

3、增大，反应速率增大，D 错误。3(2017 高考海南卷改编)已知反应CO(g)H2O(g)催化剂CO2(g)H2(g)H0。在一定温度和压强下于密闭容器中，反应达到平衡。下列叙述正确的是()A升高温度，K 增大B减小压强，n(CO2)增加C更换高效催化剂，(CO)增大D充入一定量的氮气，n(H2)不变解析：选 D。A.此反应的正反应是放热反应，升高温度平衡向逆反应方向移动，化学平衡常数只受温度的影响，即升高温度，K 减小，故A 说法错误；B.反应前后气体系数之和相等，因此减小压强，平衡不移动，即n(CO2)不变，故B 说法错误；C.催化剂对化学平衡移动无影响，因此CO 的转化率不变，故C 说法

4、错误；D.恒压下，充入N2，容器的体积增大，组分浓度降低，但化学反应前后气体系数之和不变，因此化学平衡不移动，n(H2)不变，故 D 说法正确。4在一定温度下的恒容密闭容器中，取一定量的A、B 于反应容器中，当下列物理量不再改变时，表明反应：A(s)2B(g)C(g)D(g)已达平衡的是()A混合气体的压强B混合气体的密度CC、D 的物质的量的比值D气体的总物质的量解析：选 B。判断可逆反应达平衡状态的标志是v(正)v(逆)和各成分的百分含量保持不变。而此反应是反应前后气体分子数不变的反应，气体的压强、总物质的量始终不变，不能用来判断反应是否达到平衡，故 A、D 错；根据化学方程式，n(C)n

5、(D)1 1 始终不变，故 C 错。5下列有关化学反应速率和化学平衡的说法不正确的是()A对于化学反应来说，反应速率越快，反应现象不一定越明显BN2(g)3H2(g)2NH3(g)H0，其他条件不变时，升高温度，反应速率v(H2)和氢气的平衡转化率均增大C化学反应速率理论可指导怎样在一定时间内快出产品，化学平衡理论可指导怎样用有限的原料多出产品DCaCO3(s)=CaO(s)CO2(g)室温下不能自发进行，说明该反应的 H0 解析：选 B。酸碱中和反应速率很快，但没有明显现象，A 项正确；合成氨的反应是放热反应，升高温度，反应速率加快，但平衡左移，反应物的转化率减小，B 项错误；化学反应速率理

6、论可寻找加快反应速率的方法，化学平衡理论可寻找使平衡右移的方法，前者可提高单位时间内产量的多少，后者可提高原料的利用率，C 项正确；D 项中反应 S0，但室温下不能自发反应，说明该反应的 H0，D 项正确。6t时，某平衡体系中含有X、Y、Z、W 四种物质，此温度下发生反应的平衡常数表达式为 Kc2（Y）c（Z）c（W）。有关该平衡体系的说法正确的是()A当混合气体的平均相对分子质量保持不变时，反应达平衡B增大压强，各物质的浓度不变C升高温度，平衡常数K 增大D增加 X 的量，平衡既可能正向移动，也可能逆向移动解析：选 A。首先根据平衡常数的定义推知，反应前后气体分子数保持不变，即平衡体文档编码

7、:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8

8、HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6

9、ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档

10、编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O

11、8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G

12、6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2

13、文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2系中 Y 是生成物且是气体，Z 和 W 是反应物且也是气体，X 未计入平衡常数表达式中，说明 X 是固体或液体，但不能确定是反应物还是生成物，由此可知，A 正确。增大压强虽然平衡不移动，但由于体积变小，因此各物质的浓度均增大，B 错误。由于反应的热效应未知，因此 C 错误

14、。X 未计入平衡常数表达式中，X 量的多少不影响平衡状态，D 错误。7(2017 高考江苏卷)H2O2分解速率受多种因素影响。实验测得70时不同条件下H2O2浓度随时间的变化如图所示。下列说法正确的是()A图甲表明，其他条件相同时，H2O2浓度越小，其分解速率越快B图乙表明，其他条件相同时，溶液pH 越小，H2O2分解速率越快C图丙表明，少量Mn2存在时，溶液碱性越强，H2O2分解速率越快D图丙和图丁表明，碱性溶液中，Mn2对 H2O2分解速率的影响大解析：选 D。由图甲可知，起始时H2O2的浓度越小，曲线下降越平缓，说明反应速率越慢，A 项错误；OH的浓度越大，pH 越大，即0.1mol L

15、1NaOH 对应的pH 最大，曲线下降最快，即H2O2分解最快，B 项错误；由图丙可知，相同时间内，0.1mol L1NaOH 条件下 H2O2分解最快，0mol L1NaOH 条件下 H2O2分解最慢，而 1.0mol L1NaOH 条件下 H2O2的分解速率处于中间，C 项错误；由图丁可知，Mn2越多，H2O2的分解速率越快，说明Mn2对 H2O2分解速率影响较大，D 项正确。8(2018 郑州高二检测)N2O5是一种新型硝化剂，在一定温度下可以发生以下反应：2N2O5(g)4NO2(g)O2(g)H0。T1温度时，向密闭容器中通入N2O5，部分实验数据见下表：时间/s 0 500 100

16、0 1500 c(N2O5)/mol L15.00 3.52 2.50 2.50 下列说法中不正确的是()文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文

17、档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6

18、O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2

19、G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z

20、2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8

21、W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6

22、N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2A500s 内，N2O5的分解速率为2.96103molL1s1BT1温度下的平衡常数K1 125，平衡时N2O5的转化率为50%CT1温度下的平衡常数为K1

23、，T2温度下的平衡常数为K2，若 T1T2，则 K15.00molL1解析：选 C。A 项，500s 内，N2O5的浓度变化量为(5.003.52)molL11.48mol L1，v(N2O5)1.48mol L1 500s0.00296mol L1 s12.96103mol L1 s1；B 项，分析如下：2N2O5(g)4NO2(g)O2(g)起始浓度(mol L1)5.0000转化浓度(mol L1)2.505.001.25平衡浓度(mol L1)2.505.001.25K1c4（NO2）c（O2）c2（N2O5）5.0041.252.502125，平衡时N2O5的转化率为50%；C 项，

24、该反应的正反应为吸热反应，升高温度，平衡常数增大，故K1K2；D 项，达到平衡后，其他条件不变，将容器的体积压缩到原来的1/2，相当于增大压强，平衡向左移动，则c(N2O5)5.00molL1。9一定温度下，在2L 的密闭容器中发生如下反应：A(s)2B(g)2C(g)H0，反应过程中B、C 的物质的量随时间变化的关系如图1；反应达平衡后在t1、t2、t3、t4时分别都只改变了一种条件，逆反应速率随时间变化的关系如图2。下列有关说法正确的是()A反应开始2min 内，v(B)0.1mol L1min1Bt1时改变的条件可能是升高温度Ct3时改变的条件可能是加压，此时c(B)不变Dt4时可能是使

25、用了催化剂，此时c(B)不变答案：D 10化学中常借助曲线图来表示某种变化过程，有关下列四个曲线图的说法不正确的是()文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P

26、7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2

27、W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N

28、10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S

29、2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:C

30、W2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ

31、6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2A对反应：aA(s)2B(g)xC(g)，根据图可以求出x2 B图可以表示对某化学平衡体系改变温度后反应速率随时间的变化C图表示压强对可逆反应2A

32、(g)2B(g)3C(g)D(g)的影响，乙的压强大D升高温度，图表示的反应中反应物的转化率增大解析：选 B。图 单位时间内B 减少的物质的量等于C 增加的物质的量，二者的化学计量数相同，即x 2，A 项正确；改变反应体系的温度，正、逆反应速率均瞬间增大或减小，而图 中逆反应速率瞬间增大，正反应速率瞬间减小，不可能是改变温度，B 项错误；图 中反应前后气体分子数不变，改变压强平衡不移动，但可改变达到平衡的时间，乙比甲先达到平衡，则乙的压强大，C 项正确；图 中正、逆反应速率曲线的交点为平衡点，升高温度后正反应速率大于逆反应速率，平衡右移，反应物的转化率增大，D 项正确。二、非选择题(本题包括3

33、 小题，共 40 分)11(12 分)镍具有优良的物理和化学特性，是许多领域尤其是高技术产业的重要原料。羰基法提纯粗镍涉及的两步反应依次为Ni(s)4CO(g)50Ni(CO)4(g)H0 完成下列填空：(1)在温度不变的情况下，要提高反应中Ni(CO)4的产率，可采取的措施有_、_。(2)已知在一定条件下2L 密闭容器中制备Ni(CO)4，粗镍(纯度 98.5%，所含杂质不与CO反应)剩余质量和反应时间的关系如图所示。Ni(CO)4在 0 10min的平均反应速率为_。(3)若反应达到平衡后，保持其他条件不变，降低温度，重新达到平衡时_。a平衡常数K 增大文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 H

34、J6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 Z

35、O9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编

36、码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8

37、 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6

38、 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文

39、档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6

40、O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2bCO 的浓度减小cNi 的质量减小dv逆Ni(CO)4增大(4)简述羰基法提纯粗镍的操作过程：_ _。解析：(1)反应 是正向气体分子数减小的放热反应，因此，根据平衡移动原理，在温度不变的情况下可采取增大CO 浓度、加压的方法提高产率；(2)根据题意，反应的 Ni 为 1mol，则生成 Ni(CO

41、)4为 1mol，反应速率为1mol2L10min0.05mol L1 min1；(3)反应 是正向气体分子数增大的吸热反应，则降低温度平衡逆向移动，平衡常数K、CO 的浓度、Ni 的质量、v逆Ni(CO)4都减小；(4)根据反应 的特点可提纯粗镍。答案：(1)增大 CO 浓度加压(2)0.05molL1min1(3)bc(4)把粗镍和CO 放于一个水平放置的密闭玻璃容器中，然后在50左右反应一段时间后再在容器的一端加热12(14 分)已知 NO2和 N2O4可以相互转化：2NO2(g)N2O4(g)H 57kJ mol1，一定温度下，将1molN2O4充入一恒压密闭容器中。(1)下列示意图正

42、确且能说明反应达到平衡状态的是_。(2)若在相同温度下，上述反应改在体积为1L 的恒容密闭容器中进行，平衡常数_(填“增大”“不变”或“减小”)，反应 3s 后 NO2的物质的量为0.6mol，则 03s 内的平均反应速率v(N2O4)_mol L1s1。(3)达到平衡后，若向该恒压容器中再充入0.5molHe，则平衡将 _(填“向左移动”“向右移动”或“不移动”)。(4)该反应在温度分别为T1、T2时，平衡体系中NO2的体积分数随压强变化曲线如图所示。下列说法正确的是_(填字母序号)。aA、C 两点气体的颜色：A 深，C 浅文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S

43、2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:C

44、W2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ

45、6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO

46、9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码

47、:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8

48、HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6

49、ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2文档编码:CW2W5Q8W6O8 HJ6N10C6N2G6 ZO9S2P7Z7Z2bA、C 两点 NO2的转化率：AC cB、C 两点的气体的平均相对分子质量：BC d由状态B 到状态 A，可以用加热的方法解析：(1)作为化学平衡状态的标志，必须由原来的“变量”变到“不变量”，方可说明。a图，在恒压条件下，随着反应的进行生成NO2，气体的总物质的量不断增加，容器的体积增大，故密度变小，当密度不变时，可说明化学反

50、应达到平衡状态，a 正确；b 图，作为反应热 H，只与这个化学方程式有关，是一个不变量，它不会随着反应“量”的变化而变化，b 错误；c 图，用化学反应速率判断可逆反应是否达到平衡状态时，一定是“异向”，且它们的速率之比等于化学计量数之比，c 错误；d 图，当 N2O4的转化率不变时，说明 v(正)v(逆)，反应达到了平衡状态，d 正确。(2)平衡常数是温度的函数，只受温度的影响，故化学平衡常数不变。由题意可知，03s 内，NO2的化学反应速率v(NO2)0.2mol L1 s1，由化学反应速率之比等于化学计量数之比，得出v(N2O4)0.1mol L1 s1。(3)恒压容器中再充入 He，体积