名词性从句精品课件优秀PPT.ppt

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1、 名词性从句 主语从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句主语从句在句中做-宾语从句在句中做-表语从句在句中做-同位语从句在句中-主语宾语表语同位语1.That he will come is certain.2.I know that he will come.3.The truth is that I have been there.4.The fact that she was late surprised us.主语从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句1.为什么叫名词性从句？2._整个从句相当于一个名词比较:The man looked around.That the boy failed again

2、 in the exam disappointed his mother.同样作主语，从句可以表示较困难的含义,一般是个动作或性质I know him.I know that he is writing his composition in his room2.为什么要出名词性从句？那人看了看四周.(名词作主语)那孩子考试又不及格令他母亲很悲观.(从句作主语)我知道他在房间里写作文.从句的特征:是一个句子,有一个引导词,引导词做从句的一个成分(that 除外)名词能做的成分,从句都能做 从句表达的意思比名词困难得多 主语从句that whether who whom whose what wh

3、ich when where why how从 句引导词:1.That he knows Japanese is known to all.他懂英语,这一点大家都知道令我惊异的是在这儿见到他.3.When he will come is unknown.4.Whether he is coming doesnt matter much.他来不来没什么要紧的他什么时候来不清晰.他们是怎么登上山顶的仍是个隐私.5.It remains a secret how they climbed up the mountain.主语从句的位置 1.在句首 2.主语较长时通常放在后面,句首主语用 It 主语太

4、长了!放到句尾Details Details Details Details That无词义无词义,不行省略不行省略What“什么”,“所.的”2.What surprised me was to see him here.When“什么时候”主语从句主语从句不用不用 if位于句首位于句首 It 作主语的常用句型有:1.It+be+形容词+that 从句2.It+be+名称词组(duty/pity.)+that 从句3.It+be+过去分词(said/thought.)+that 从句4.It+不及物动词(seem/happen.)+that 从句 It is a pity that we c

5、ant go swimming.It is said that he told her everything.It happened that I was out that day.It is certain that he will do well in the exam.1.真惋惜我们不能去游泳.2.碰巧那天我外出了.3.他考试确定会考好.4.据说他已告知了她一切.留意:It looked that he was right.()可以说:It looks as if.happen只有 it 句型It is said只有 it 句型More 用形式主语 it 的主语从句常见结构1.It is

6、 clear(necessary,important,possible,remarkable that 很清晰（必要,重要,可能,值得留意等)2.It is a fact(a good thing,good news)that 事实是 (好事是,好消息是)3.It is well-known(reported,recorded,estimated,said,believed)that众所周知(据报道,据记载,据说,据估计)4.It turns out (seems,happens,appears)that 结果是(似乎是,碰巧是,好象是)5.It has been found(has been

7、 proved,can be seen,must be pointed out)that 已发觉(已证明,可以看出,需指出)用 it 句型翻译:1.据说今年高一学生要学新教材.2.事实是他们靠自己完成了全部的任务.3.碰巧他们已经参与过军训了.4.众所周知,比尔 盖茨是世界上最富有的人.5.我们应当养成好的学习习惯这很重要.It is said that the Senior Grade one students will learn a new text this year.It is a fact that they finished all the work by themselves.

8、It happened that they had had their military training.It is well-known that Bill Gates is the richest person in the world.It is important that we(should)form a good habit of studying.Note:It is important/necessary/natural/our duty/essential/strange that sb(should)do sth.固定句型,should可以省略翻译:真惊异他今日竟然迟到了

9、.It is strange that he should be late today.strange不省略should为好表语从句从 句 同主语从句(11个),外加as if/引导词:as though,1.The truth is that he has never been to the countryside.2.The question is whether w can finish the experiment by Friday.3.It looks as if it were going to rain.实际状况是他从未去过农村.that 一般不省略问题在于我们能否在明天下午之

10、前完成这项试验.表语从句不用 if好象看上去要下雨似的.(其实不会)as if/as though从句常表示不真实的情况She talks as if/as though she had been there before.她说话的口气好象以前去过那儿似的.又比如:4.This school is no longer what it was before.这所学校已不再是从前的那个样子了.what=the thing that More 系动词后面系动词后面留意下列表语从句中where,how,why 的译法1.This is where Lu Xun once lived.2.That wa

11、s how they won the match.3.This is why she got up so early this morning.这就是鲁迅曾经住过的地方.他们就是这样赢得这场竞赛的.这就是她为什么今日早上起得这么早的缘由.1.我们就是这样克服困难的.2.那就是他昨天缺席的缘由.3.这就是我们上星期碰头的地方.This is/That was how we overcame the difficulties.That is why he was absent yesterday.This is where we met last Sunday.This is 总是现在时That

12、is 表示性质 That was 指过去动作固定句型:This is where This is why This is how.这就是的地方这就是的缘由这就是的方法宾语从句中的连接词宾语从句中的连接词that在以下三种状况下不在以下三种状况下不能省略：能省略：（1）当）当that 从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时，其次个语时，其次个that不能省；不能省；（2）当）当that作介词宾语时，作介词宾语时，that不行省掉。不行省掉。（3）用）用it做形式宾语的宾语从句做形式宾语的宾语从句Everyone knew what happened and that she

13、 was worried.The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do.宾语从句whether与与if的辨用的辨用表“是否”时，在下列状况下用whether。a.主语从句b.表语从句c.同位语从句e.介词后的宾语从句f.后接动词不定式(whether to do sth.)g.whether or not 连在一起引导宾语从句时不用if1).whether和和if都可以引导宾语从句都可以引导宾语从句 a.当当whether后紧跟后紧跟or not时时,不用不用if.eg:I dont know whether or no

14、t I will stay.b.介词介词后面的宾语从句不能用后面的宾语从句不能用if.eg:I worry about whether I hurt her feeling.2.留意留意 whether和和if的运用区分的运用区分Practice timeif/whether1.I asked her _ she had a bike.3.Were worried about _ he is safe.4.I dont know _ he is well or not.5.I dont know _ or not he is well.8.I dont know _ to go.if/whet

15、herwhetherwhether/ifwhetherwhether1.I doubt if/whether he will pass the exam.2.I dont doubt that we will win the match.3.Do you doubt that he did it on his own?doubt问题确定句中用 if/whether否定句中用 that 疑定句中用 that 1.I doubt _he is telling the truth.2.We never doubt _ the plan will be carried out.3.Does he do

16、ubt _ you are from Austria?4.Im doubtful _ he will agree to this.if/whether that that if/whether 宾语从句常常做介词的宾语1.The Swede stood still,except _ his lips moved slightly.2.She is not satisfied with _ she has achieved.3.Mary always thinks of _ she can do more for the class.4.He wrote a letter of thanks t

17、o _ helped him.(任何一个)5.It depends on if we have enough time.whether we have enough time.介词后面不用 if that what how whoever6.Are you sorry for which you have done?what you have done?介词后面不用 which 宾语从句常常作表语形容词的宾语1.Im afraid (that)Ill be late.2.We were surprised that he lost the game.我生怕要迟到了.that 可以省略我们对他在

18、竞赛中的失败感到惊异.此类表语形容词有:afraid pleased happysatisfied anxious suresurprised certain gladaware用它们造句that 从句只跟在 except,but,in,besides,save五个介词后面M 1.We think that middle school students master one foreign language possible.(改用形式宾语 it)2.2.We have made that a foreign language is useful weapon in the struggle

19、of life clear.(改用形式宾语 it)我认为学好英语是必要的.I consider that we should learn English well necessary.We consider her suitable for the job.宾语宾补consider find think feel make 等动词常带宾语补足语,这时要用形式宾语 it,宾语从句放到宾补之后We think it possible that middle school students master one foreign language.We have made it clear that

20、a foreign language is useful weapon in the struggle of life.More I consider it necessary that we should learn English wellit不能漏从句后移correction1.The emperor was pleased by which the minister told him about it.2.Are you sorry for that you have annoyed him?3.I find that this should be kept secret for th

21、e time being necessary.4.Can you doubt if she will succeed?5.I worried about if my brother will return in time.6.She said that she has never told a lie.7.Will you tell me when he leaves for Paris?8.Our football team won the match last Sunday excited all of us.9.It looked that he was well prepared fo

22、r the unexpected challenge.10.That he said moved everyone present.whatit necessary that this should be kept secret for the time beingthat she will succeed?whether my brother will return in time.had will leave for Paris?That our football team won the match last Sunday excited all of usWhatIt seemedwh

23、ich不做介词宾语that不做介词宾语从句缺少引导词that不做句子成分没有It look that表达式同位语从句被修饰词有:fact,news,hope,opinion,order,question,problem,belief,truth,theory,decision,discovery,conclusion,promise,rumor,fear,thought,suggestion,plan,idea同位语从句说明它们的内容常见引导词:that,whether(if),how,wh-疑问词1.The fact that deeds are better than words is q

24、uite clear.2.The question how I did it is hard to answer.3.They had no idea where they should go to find some food.4.The question whether he comes or not is not important.(if)5.A thought came to me that he might be in the library.事实胜于雄辨这一道理特别清晰.我怎么做的这一问题难回答.他们根本不知去哪儿找食物他是否是否来这个问题不重要.我突然想到他可能在图书馆.被别的

25、词隔开that 无词义1.Two thirds of all girls in Britain are on a diet./The fact worries their parents and teachers a lot.2.The Queen of England was on a three-day visit in China./We heard the news last night._ The fact that two thirds of all girls are on a diet worries their parents and teachers a lot._We h

26、eard the news last night that the Queen of England was on a three-day visit in China.4.Time travel is possible./There is no scientific proof for the idea.5.Chinese students should be given more free time./The suggestion is welcomed by many people,especially kids in school.3.Teenagers should not spen

27、d too much time online./Many British parents hold the view._Many British parents hold the view that teenagers shouldnt spend too much time online._There is no scientific proof for the idea that time travel is possible._The suggestion that Chinese students should be given more free time is welcomed b

28、y many people,especially kids in school.一、同位语从句与定语 从句的相像之处1、两种从句都可以译成定语、两种从句都可以译成定语 e.g.The news that our team has won the final match is encouraging.（同位语从句）我们队取得决赛成功的消息令人鼓舞。The news that you told us is really encouraging.（定语从句）你告知我们的消息真的令人鼓舞。2、两种从句都可以用、两种从句都可以用that引导引导e.g.The suggestion that studen

29、ts should learn something practical is worth considering.（同位语从句）（同位语从句）学生应当学些好用的东西的建议值得考虑。学生应当学些好用的东西的建议值得考虑。The suggestion that is worth considering is that the students should learn something practical.（定语从句）值得考虑的建议是学生应当学（定语从句）值得考虑的建议是学生应当学些好用的东西。些好用的东西。二、同位语从句与定语二、同位语从句与定语 从句的从句的不同之处不同之处1 1、从句的作用

30、不同：同位、从句的作用不同：同位语语从句用来从句用来进进一步一步 说说明前面名明前面名词词的内容；定的内容；定语语从句用来修从句用来修饰饰、限定前面的名限定前面的名词词。e.g.The news that our team has won the final match is encouraging.（从句说明“消息”的内容：我们队取得了决赛成功。）The news that you told us is really encouraging.（从句对“消息”加以限定：是你告知我们的，而非来自其他渠道。但消息是何内容却不得而知。）2 2、引、引导导从句的关从句的关联词联词that的功能不同：的

31、功能不同：that引引导导同位同位语语从句从句时时是一个是一个纯连词纯连词，不充当任何成分；而引不充当任何成分；而引导导定定语语从句的从句的that是关系代是关系代词词，既指代先行，既指代先行词词又又须须在在从句中充当成分。从句中充当成分。e.g.1)Dad made a promise that he would buy me CD player if I passed the English test.（that 不充不充当任何成分）当任何成分）2)Dad made a promise that excited all his children.（that指代指代promise，又在从句中

32、充当主语。），又在从句中充当主语。）考点之一考点之一:考查名词性从句中考查名词性从句中that与与what的区分的区分 考例考例:_ we cant get seems better than _ we have.A.What;what B.What;that C.That;that D.That;what 分析分析:(注注:划线的选项为最佳答案划线的选项为最佳答案,下同下同.)在名词性从句中在名词性从句中that与与what的区分的区分是是:that在名词性从句中不作句子成分在名词性从句中不作句子成分,只起连接作用只起连接作用;而而what在名词性从句中不在名词性从句中不仅起连接作用仅起连接

33、作用,而且作句子成分而且作句子成分.句子的句子的意思是意思是:我们不能得到的似乎比我们已经我们不能得到的似乎比我们已经拥有的要好拥有的要好.此题考查了两个名词性从句此题考查了两个名词性从句:主语从句和宾语从句主语从句和宾语从句,what在这两个名在这两个名词性从句中都作宾语词性从句中都作宾语.考点之二考点之二:考查名词性从句中的考查名词性从句中的it作形式主语或作形式主语或形式宾语形式宾语 考例考例1:_ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.A.There B.This C.That D.I

34、t 分析分析:在这种名词性从句中为了保持句子的在这种名词性从句中为了保持句子的平衡平衡,往往用先行词往往用先行词it作形式主语或形式宾语作形式主语或形式宾语,而而把真正的主语或宾语放到后面把真正的主语或宾语放到后面,尤其是尤其是that引导引导的主语从句往往用先行词的主语从句往往用先行词it作形式主语作形式主语.此句也此句也可以改写为可以改写为:That English is being accepted as an international language is a fact.考例考例2:I hate _ when people talk with their mouths full.A

35、.it B.that C.this D.them 分析分析:此题考查的是用先行词此题考查的是用先行词it作形式宾语作形式宾语,而把真正的宾语从句放到后面而把真正的宾语从句放到后面.其他几个词均不其他几个词均不能作形式宾语能作形式宾语.考点之三考点之三:考查名词性从句的语序考查名词性从句的语序 考例考例:The photographs will show you _.A.what does our village look like B.what our village looks like C.how does our village look like D.how our village l

36、ooks like 分析分析:在名词性从句中在名词性从句中,除了关联词要提到句首之外除了关联词要提到句首之外,一律要用陈述一律要用陈述句语序。当关联词含疑问意义时句语序。当关联词含疑问意义时,有的学生就会受习惯影响错误地有的学生就会受习惯影响错误地运用疑问句语序。克服这种错误的关键是要找准从句中的主语和谓运用疑问句语序。克服这种错误的关键是要找准从句中的主语和谓语。本题句子的意思是语。本题句子的意思是:这些照片会告知你我们村子是什么样。本这些照片会告知你我们村子是什么样。本题中依据引导词题中依据引导词what要作介词要作介词like的宾语的宾语,而副词而副词how不能作介词不能作介词like的

37、宾语的宾语,所以首先解除所以首先解除C、D,而而A项是疑问句语序项是疑问句语序,故只能选故只能选B。考点之四考点之四:考查名词性从句中的考查名词性从句中的whether,ifwhether,if以及以及thatthat的区分的区分 考例考例1:_ well go camping tomorrow depends on 1:_ well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.the weather.A.If B.Whether C.That D.Where A.If B.Whether C.That D.Where 分析分析:句子的意思是句子的意思

38、是:我们明天是否去野营要视天气而定我们明天是否去野营要视天气而定.whetherwhether与与ifif当当 是否是否 讲时的区分是讲时的区分是:在引导宾语从句时两者可以互在引导宾语从句时两者可以互换换,但在引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句以及介词后面的宾但在引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句以及介词后面的宾语从句或后面紧跟语从句或后面紧跟or notor not时通常只能用时通常只能用whether,whether,而不能用而不能用if.if.考例考例2:What the doctors really doubt is _ my 2:What the doctors really dou

39、bt is _ my mother will recover from the serious disease soon.mother will recover from the serious disease soon.A.when B.how C.whether D.whyA.when B.how C.whether D.why分析分析:本题句子的意思是本题句子的意思是:医生真正怀疑的是我母亲是否能很快从重医生真正怀疑的是我母亲是否能很快从重病中复原过来病中复原过来.whether.whether引导的是表语从句引导的是表语从句.考例考例3:It worried her a bit _ h

40、er hair was turning gray.A.while B.that C.if D.for 分析分析:本题句子的意思是本题句子的意思是:头发变白使她有点儿担忧。头发变白使她有点儿担忧。It作形式主语作形式主语,that引导的是主语从句。引导的是主语从句。whether,if以及以及that引导的名词性从句的区分是引导的名词性从句的区分是:whether与与if(当当是否是否讲讲时时)引导的名词性从句含有疑问意义引导的名词性从句含有疑问意义;而而that引导的名词性引导的名词性从句不含有疑问意义。从句不含有疑问意义。考点之五考点之五:考查名词性从句中的疑问词考查名词性从句中的疑问词+e

41、ver引导的名词性从句及其引导的名词性从句及其与与no matter+疑问词引导的从句的区分疑问词引导的从句的区分 考例考例 1:It is generally considered unwise to give a child _ he or she wants.A.however B.whatever C.whichever D.whenever 分析分析:本题句子的意思是本题句子的意思是:一般认为孩子要什么就给什么是不明一般认为孩子要什么就给什么是不明智的智的.whatever引导的是宾语从句引导的是宾语从句,A.however 和和D.whenever是是不能作宾语的不能作宾语的;而而

42、C.whichever表示表示无论哪一个、无论哪些无论哪一个、无论哪些,表示表示在确定范围内的人或事物在确定范围内的人或事物,此处并不涉及此处并不涉及确定范围内的人或事物确定范围内的人或事物,所以也不能选所以也不能选.考例考例2:Sarah hopes to become a friend of _ shares her interests.A.anyone B.whomever C.whoever D.no matter who 分析分析:本题句子的意思是本题句子的意思是:萨拉希望跟自己有共同爱好的人交萨拉希望跟自己有共同爱好的人交挚友挚友.疑问词疑问词+ever引导的名词性从句与引导的名词

43、性从句与no matter+疑问词引导疑问词引导的从句的区分是的从句的区分是:前者既可以引导名词性从句也可以引导让步状前者既可以引导名词性从句也可以引导让步状语从句语从句;后者只能引导让步状语从句后者只能引导让步状语从句.首先解除首先解除D.而选而选A.anyone则应在其后加则应在其后加who.从句中须要的是主语从句中须要的是主语,所以所以whomever也不行也不行.考点之六考点之六:考查名词性从句的虚拟语气问题考查名词性从句的虚拟语气问题 考例考例:It is necessary that a college student _ at least a foreign language.A

44、.masters B.should master C.mastered D.will master 分析分析:本题选本题选B.句子的意思是句子的意思是:高校生至少应当驾驭一门外语。高校生至少应当驾驭一门外语。It作形式主语作形式主语,that引导的主语从句中谓语动词用虚拟语气。引导的主语从句中谓语动词用虚拟语气。(1)在主语从句中用来表示惊异、不信任、惋惜、理应如此等在主语从句中用来表示惊异、不信任、惋惜、理应如此等,谓语谓语动词用虚拟语气动词用虚拟语气(should)+do,常用的句型有常用的句型有:I.It is necessary(important,natural,strange,et

45、c.)that.II.It is a pity(a shame,no wonder,etc.)that.III.It is suggested(requested,proposed,desired,etc.)that.如如:It is strange that she(should)think so.(2)表示建议、恳求、吩咐、要求、坚持等及物动词后面表示建议、恳求、吩咐、要求、坚持等及物动词后面的宾语从句中要用虚拟语气的宾语从句中要用虚拟语气,常用的这类动词有常用的这类动词有suggest,propose,insist,desire,demand,request,order,command等

46、。如等。如:I insist that she(should)do her work alone.(3)主语是主语是suggestion,proposal,request,decision等等表示表示建议、恳求、要求、确定等建议、恳求、要求、确定等意思的词时意思的词时,表语从句表语从句中谓语动词要用虚拟语气中谓语动词要用虚拟语气(should)+do。如。如:His suggestion is that we(should)hold another meeting to discuss the question.(4)表示表示建议、恳求、吩咐、要求、确定等建议、恳求、吩咐、要求、确定等意思意思

47、的名词后面的同位语从句中谓语动词要用虚拟语气的名词后面的同位语从句中谓语动词要用虚拟语气(should)+do。如。如:They received orders that the work(should)be done at once.II.Choose the best answer1.They expressed the hope _they would come over to China.A.which B.that C.whom D.when2.The fact_ he didnt see Tom yesterday is true.A.that B.which C.when D.w

48、hat3.I have no idea _he will come back.A.where B.when C.what D.thatII.Choose the best answer4.The news _ surprised everybody yesterday now proves to be false.A.that B.when C.what D.how 5.One of the men held the view _ the book said was right.A.what that B.that which C.that what D.which that6.Word ha

49、s come _ some American guests will come for a visit to our college next week.A.what B.whether c.that D.which典型错误及归纳找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律：找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律：1.Can you tell me how many students are there in your class?2.I dont know where has he gone.3.The owner of the shop came to see what the matter was.C

50、an you tell me how many students there are in your class?I dont know where he has gone.The owner of the shop came to see what was the matter.规律一：名词从句中须运用陈述语序！规律一：名词从句中须运用陈述语序！找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律：找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律：4.We suggested that we would go to the cinema.5.My idea is that we must do our homework f