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1、by Jack Fan四级翻译实践1中国酒文化中国酒文化 Chinese Wine Culture中国人在中国人在7000年以前就起先用谷物酿年以前就起先用谷物酿酒。总的来说，不管是古代还是现代，酒酒。总的来说，不管是古代还是现代，酒都和中国文化休戚相关。许久以来，中国都和中国文化休戚相关。许久以来，中国的酒文化在人们生活中始终扮演着重要的的酒文化在人们生活中始终扮演着重要的角色。我们的祖先在写诗时以酒助兴，在角色。我们的祖先在写诗时以酒助兴，在宴会中和亲朋好友敬酒。作为一种文化形宴会中和亲朋好友敬酒。作为一种文化形式，酒文化也是一般百姓生活中不行分割式，酒文化也是一般百姓生活中不行分割的部分

2、，比如生日宴会、送别晚宴、婚礼的部分，比如生日宴会、送别晚宴、婚礼庆典等。庆典等。Chinese people began to make spiritsmake spirits with grains seven thousand years ago.Generally speaking，wine has a close connection with culture in China in both ancient and modern times.in both ancient and modern times.Chinese wine culture has been playing

3、a quite important role in Chinese peoples life for a long time.Our Chinese ancestors used wine to enjoy themselves while writing poetry,or to make a toast to their relativesmake a toast to their relatives and friends during a feast.Wine culture,as a kind of culture form,is also an inseparableinsepar

4、able part in the life of ordinary Chinese people such as birthday party,farewell dinnerfarewell dinner,wedding,etc.2.中国书法中国书法Chinese Calligraphy中国书法历史悠久，它不仅是汉字的中国书法历史悠久，它不仅是汉字的传统书写形式，也是体现自我修养和自我传统书写形式，也是体现自我修养和自我表达的艺术。作者的内心世界通过奇妙的表达的艺术。作者的内心世界通过奇妙的字体得以体现。书法在中国艺术中拥有举字体得以体现。书法在中国艺术中拥有举足轻重的地位，因为它影响到了其它

5、的中足轻重的地位，因为它影响到了其它的中国艺术形式，比如古典诗歌、雕塑、传统国艺术形式，比如古典诗歌、雕塑、传统音乐及舞蹈、建筑及手工艺品。作为传统音乐及舞蹈、建筑及手工艺品。作为传统的艺术珍宝，中国书法被全世界人民所宠的艺术珍宝，中国书法被全世界人民所宠爱，且越来越受到欢迎。爱，且越来越受到欢迎。Chinese calligraphy is not only a traditional Chinese characters writing with a long history,but also an art of self-cultivationself-cultivation and s

6、elf-expression.Inner world of the writer could be reflected with the help of beautiful Chinese script.Chinese calligraphy plays an important role in Chinese art,for it has influenced other Chinese artistic forms like classical poetry,sculpturesculpture,traditional music and dance,architecture and ha

7、ndicraftshandicrafts.As a treasured artistic form of Chinese culture,Chinese calligraphy is enjoyed by people throughout the world and is becoming more and more popular.3.中国山水画中国山水画Landscape Painting山水画始终以来都被誉为中国绘画的最山水画始终以来都被誉为中国绘画的最高境界。它品尝高端，很受欢迎。一般意义高境界。它品尝高端，很受欢迎。一般意义上，中国山水画被认为是书法、绘画及诗歌上，中国山水画被认为

8、是书法、绘画及诗歌的结合或延长。汉语的结合或延长。汉语“山水山水”这个词由这个词由“山山”和和“水水”两个汉字组成，且与道教的哲学两个汉字组成，且与道教的哲学思想相联系，它强调的是人与自然的和谐。思想相联系，它强调的是人与自然的和谐。中国画家描绘的并不总是真实的世界，他们中国画家描绘的并不总是真实的世界，他们呈现的是自己想象出来的风景，这些风景不呈现的是自己想象出来的风景，这些风景不再只是对眼前世界的描绘，而是画家内在思再只是对眼前世界的描绘，而是画家内在思想的写照。因此，人们认为欣赏山水画除了想的写照。因此，人们认为欣赏山水画除了可以很好地了解画家的内心世界之外，还可可以很好地了解画家的内心

9、世界之外，还可以净化自己的灵魂。以净化自己的灵魂。Landscape painting is traditionally considered as the highest form of Chinese painting styles.It is very popular and is associated with refined scholarly taste.Chinese Landscape painting in general is seen as a combination or extension of calligraphy,painting,and poetry.The

10、Chinese term for“landscape”is made up of two characters meaning“mountains and water”.It is linked with the philosophy of Daoism,which emphasizes harmony with the natural world.Chinese artists do not usually paint real place but imaginary landscape which is no longer about the description of the visi

11、ble world,but a means of conveying the inner mind.People therefore believe that looking at landscape painting is a good way to realize the artists inner heartinner heart as well as a way to purify their souls.purify their souls.4.中国戏曲中国戏曲 Chinese Opera在中国，戏曲是一种很流行的戏剧形式，一般来说，在中国，戏曲是一种很流行的戏剧形式，一般来说，可以

12、追溯到唐朝时期，当时的皇帝唐玄宗创立了可以追溯到唐朝时期，当时的皇帝唐玄宗创立了“梨园梨园”。如今，很多外国人也很宠爱中国的戏曲。最吸引他。如今，很多外国人也很宠爱中国的戏曲。最吸引他们的则是戏曲的独有风格们的则是戏曲的独有风格画脸谱，它不仅是戏曲中的画脸谱，它不仅是戏曲中的一大亮点，同时还要求独特的绘画技艺。每个演员脸上一大亮点，同时还要求独特的绘画技艺。每个演员脸上夸张的扮相代表其扮演角色的性格和命运。熟知戏曲的夸张的扮相代表其扮演角色的性格和命运。熟知戏曲的观众通过视察演员的脸谱和服装就可以知道角色背后的观众通过视察演员的脸谱和服装就可以知道角色背后的故事。通常，红色脸谱代表忠诚与英勇故

13、事。通常，红色脸谱代表忠诚与英勇;黑色代表猛烈黑色代表猛烈;黄色和白色代表表里不一黄色和白色代表表里不一;金色和银色代表奇妙。金色和银色代表奇妙。7对于对于中国人，特殊是老年人，欣赏戏曲是他们的一大乐趣。中国人，特殊是老年人，欣赏戏曲是他们的一大乐趣。Chinese opera is a popular form of drama in China.In general,it dates back to the Tang Dynasty with Emperor Xuanzong,who founded the“Pear Garden”“Pear Garden”.Now Chinese ope

14、ra is warmly welcomed by many foreign people.What appeals foreigners most might be the distinctive style of facial make-up,which is one of the highlightshighlights and requires distinctive techniques of painting.Exaggerated designsExaggerated designs are painted on each performers face to symbolize

15、a characters personality,and fate.Audiences who are familiar with opera can know the story by observing the facial painting as well as the costumes.Generally,a red face represents loyalty and bravery;a black face,rough;yellow and white faces,duplicityduplicity;and golden and silver faces,mystery.For

16、 Chinese,especially older folksolder folks,to listen to opera is a real pleasure.5.京剧京剧 Peking Opera京剧是中国的一种传统艺术。它是中国京剧是中国的一种传统艺术。它是中国戏曲的一种，诞生于于戏曲的一种，诞生于于1790年四大徽班年四大徽班(Four Great Anhui Troupes)入京表演的时候。入京表演的时候。19世纪中期得到快速发展，到清朝达到全盛阶世纪中期得到快速发展，到清朝达到全盛阶段。京剧被看成是中国的文化珍宝之一。虽段。京剧被看成是中国的文化珍宝之一。虽然它被称为京剧，但是它的

17、起源地却是中国然它被称为京剧，但是它的起源地却是中国的安徽省和湖北省。京剧起初是一种宫廷表的安徽省和湖北省。京剧起初是一种宫廷表演艺术，而后才渐渐普及到民间。在数百年演艺术，而后才渐渐普及到民间。在数百年前，京剧作为一种新的戏曲形式，无论在哪前，京剧作为一种新的戏曲形式，无论在哪里进行表演，都饱受欢迎。而在现代社会中，里进行表演，都饱受欢迎。而在现代社会中，包括京剧在内的传统戏曲却不大能被年轻人包括京剧在内的传统戏曲却不大能被年轻人接受，面临着巨大的生存危机。接受，面临着巨大的生存危机。Peking opera is a traditional art in China.It is a kin

18、d of Chinese opera which was born when the Four Great Anhui Troupes came to Beijing in 1790,arose in the mid-19th century and was extremely popular in the Qing Dynasty.Peking opera is widely regarded as one of the cultural treasures of China.Although it is called Beijing opera,its origins its origin

19、s are in the Chinese provinces of Anhui and Hubei.Peking opera was originally staged for the court and came into the came into the public laterpublic later.Hundreds of years ago,as a new drama form,wherever it was performed,it would be warmly welcomed.Unfortunately,in the modern world,traditional op

20、eras including Peking Opera have to face the existential crisis,existential crisis,because they are not easily accepted by younger generations.6.昆曲昆曲Kunqu Opera昆曲是中国古老戏曲中的一种，起源于江苏昆曲是中国古老戏曲中的一种，起源于江苏昆山，拥有昆山，拥有600多年的历史。它是连接过去与现在，多年的历史。它是连接过去与现在，中国与世界的纽带，对现今中国的戏曲形式，包中国与世界的纽带，对现今中国的戏曲形式，包括川剧与京剧在内，都产生了重要

21、的影响。括川剧与京剧在内，都产生了重要的影响。昆曲昆曲蕴含了各种意象美，从音乐、舞蹈到诗歌，人们蕴含了各种意象美，从音乐、舞蹈到诗歌，人们的精神世界甚至中国人的灵魂，都有所体现。正的精神世界甚至中国人的灵魂，都有所体现。正因为如此，昆曲在过去广受欢迎，也成了中国文因为如此，昆曲在过去广受欢迎，也成了中国文化遗产中最珍贵的部分。但是现在，昆曲不仅面化遗产中最珍贵的部分。但是现在，昆曲不仅面临着来自大众流行文化的挑战，而且年轻人也对临着来自大众流行文化的挑战，而且年轻人也对其缺乏爱好。只有进行适当的爱护，昆曲才能拥其缺乏爱好。只有进行适当的爱护，昆曲才能拥有奇妙的将来。有奇妙的将来。Kunqu O

22、pera,which originated in the Kunshan region of Jiangsu province,is one of Chinas classical operas with a history of more than 600 years.Kunqu Opera serves as a link between past and present,China and the world.It has exerted a dominant dominant influence on recent forms of opera in China,including t

23、he Sichuan and Beijing operas.Kunqu Opera embracedembraced every imaginable beauty,from music and dance,to poetry and peoples spirit world and even very soul of the Chinese nation,so that Kunqu Opera was so popular in the past and became the most valuable parts of Chinas cultural heritageheritage.Bu

24、t now,Kunqu Opera is facing competition from mass culture and a lack of interest a lack of interest amongst the young.It can only have a bright future when it is protected in a proper way.7唐诗唐诗Poems of the Tang Dynasty唐代，是中国古典诗歌的鼎盛时期，在不到唐代，是中国古典诗歌的鼎盛时期，在不到300年的时间里，涌现出了很多著名的诗人和诗作。年的时间里，涌现出了很多著名的诗人和诗作

25、。清朝时编辑的全唐诗清朝时编辑的全唐诗(Poems of the Tang Dynasty)已收录已收录2200多位诗人创作的多位诗人创作的48900多首多首诗歌。这些诗歌让人们深化了解到当时社会生活诗歌。这些诗歌让人们深化了解到当时社会生活的各个方面。中国人很宠爱唐诗，就连小孩子也的各个方面。中国人很宠爱唐诗，就连小孩子也能背出几首，如李白的静夜思能背出几首，如李白的静夜思(Thoughts in the Silent Night)，杜甫的春夜喜雨，杜甫的春夜喜雨(Good Rain on a Spring Night)等等。唐诗不仅是中国等等。唐诗不仅是中国古代文学史上最光辉的一页，而且也

26、是人类文化古代文学史上最光辉的一页，而且也是人类文化史中的一个奇迹。史中的一个奇迹。The Tang Dynasty witnessed the peak of Chinese ancient poetry,with many renownedrenowned poets and famous works appearing over a period of less than 300 years.Poems of the Tang Dynasty edited edited during the Qing Dynasty has collected more than 48,900 poem

27、s written by over 2,200 poets.These poems provide an insightprovide an insight into all aspects of into all aspects of the social life of the period.the social life of the period.Chinese people are very fond of Tang poetry,and even children can reciterecite some from memory,such as Thoughts in the S

28、ilent Night by Li Bai,Good Rain on a Spring Night by Du Fu,etc.Tang poetry not only serves asserves as a most brilliant page in the history of ancient Chinese literature,but is also a miraclemiracle in the history of human culture.8.长城长城The Great Wall长城，作为中国的象征之一，不仅是中国的奇长城，作为中国的象征之一，不仅是中国的奇迹，也是整个世界的

29、奇迹。它始建于春秋战国时期，迹，也是整个世界的奇迹。它始建于春秋战国时期，秦始皇统一中国后，连结了各段长城以抵挡外敌入秦始皇统一中国后，连结了各段长城以抵挡外敌入侵。现存的长城遗迹主要为建于侵。现存的长城遗迹主要为建于14世纪的明长城。世纪的明长城。长城有着两千多年的历史，于长城有着两千多年的历史，于1987年被联合国教科年被联合国教科文组织列为世界遗产。现如今，长城仍是世界上最文组织列为世界遗产。现如今，长城仍是世界上最受欢迎的景点之一。受欢迎的景点之一。As one of the symbols of China,the Great Wall is a wonder not only to

30、 China but also to the whole world.The Great Wall was first built in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period.After the unification of China,the first EmperorEmperor of Qin linked up linked up different sections of the walls to prevent the invasioninvasion of the enemies.The presen

31、t preserved Great Wall of China is the major parts built in the 14th century,called Ming Great Wall.With a long history of more than 2,000 years,the Great Wall of China was listed as World Heritage by UNESCOWorld Heritage by UNESCO in 1987.Until now,the Great Wall is still one of the most most popul

32、ar attractionspopular attractions in the world.9.故宫故宫The Imperial Palace故宫又名紫禁城，位于北京市中心，占地面故宫又名紫禁城，位于北京市中心，占地面积积72万平方米。它拥有众多的庭院，四面有高墙万平方米。它拥有众多的庭院，四面有高墙和护城河爱护。明清两代的皇帝和他们的家眷以和护城河爱护。明清两代的皇帝和他们的家眷以及数百名宫女、太监曾在这里居住。紫禁城于明及数百名宫女、太监曾在这里居住。紫禁城于明朝朝1420年建成，一般百姓不能进入。在年建成，一般百姓不能进入。在1924年清年清朝末代皇帝被逐出故宫后，故宫于朝末代皇帝被逐

33、出故宫后，故宫于1925年变成了年变成了故宫博物院并对外开放。故宫博物院并对外开放。Standing/LyingStanding/Lying in the center of Beijing,the Imperial Palace,also known as the Forbidden City,covers an area of 720,000 square meters.It consists of dozens of courtyards and is protected by high walls and a moatmoat on all four sides.The emperor

34、s of two dynasties,the Ming and the Qing,lived here with their families and hundreds of court ladies and palace eunuchseunuchs.The Forbidden City was completed in 1420 during the Ming Dynasty,which was not accessible to the common people.The Palace was convertedconverted into a museum in 1925 and has been open to the public after the last emperor of the Qing Dynasty was driven out of the Palace in 1924.