英语语音语调基本知识精选.doc

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1、英语语音语调根本知识 篇一：英语语音语调总结 英语语音语调 I英语语音要点： 1. 按照音标发好每个词的音 （单词重音）： 2. 不可把不完全爆破发成完全爆破： （1）blac(k)board goo(d) time si(t ) down a(c)tor publi（c） duty (2 ) absenteighthpicture a big change help them？ 3. 留意词的弱读式： aan and are as because can for from havehas hadof orthat than towas 4. 留意词与词间的连读： （1）an American

2、 writer China is in Asia. （2）far away There are about eight American novels. （3）my only daughterher English teacher 5. 留意语句重音： （1）n. v.adj.adv. num. demo. p. （2）art. Prep. conj. link-v. aux.v. pron. 6. 留意语调： （1）降调 陈述句、祈使句、感慨句、特别征询句 （确信、完好的意义） （2）升调 一般疑征询句、呼语、征询候语、辞别语、抱歉语 （不完好、委婉等） （3）降升调 警告、反驳、抚慰、鼓舞

3、、祝愿等 II英语语句重音： 重读的词： 1. 名词： An elephant is an animal. 2. 描绘词：Her skirt is blue and white. 3. 数词： John is nine. My second brother is a doctor. 4. 实义动词： She sings well. 5. 副词： He speaks English slowly and carefully. 6. 某些代词： （1）指示代词： thisthatthesethose （2）反身代词： myself, yourself, himself, herself, itse

4、lf, ourselves, yourselves, themselves （3）不定代词：some, every, all, both, none, other, many, few, etc. Everybody was late. We are many; they are few. Some are red; some are blue. （4）疑征询代词： who, whom, whose, what, which, etc. 7. 叹词： Oh, its snowing./ Dear me! 不重读的词： 1. 冠词： This is a computer./ The comput

5、er is my sisters. 2. 没有语义重音的代词： （1）人称代词： They are my friends. （2）物主代词： Their parents love them very much. （3）关系代词： The book that he is reading is mine. Do you remember the girl whom you met in the party?3. 非实义动词： （1）助动词：The meeting will be cancelled. They do not go to church on Sundays. （2）情态动词： He

6、may not go to Shanghai tomorrow. I used to go there. (特别：need, dare, do) 4. 连词： （1）并列连词： I wont do it, for I dont think its right. （2）比较连词： Study as your brother does. He works much harder than you. （3）附属连词： if, when, while, since, now (that), as if 5. 介词： about, above, across, after, against, among

7、, at, before, behind, below, beneath, beside, besides, beyond, but, by, down, during, except, for, from, in, like, near, of, off, on, over, past, round, since, through, to towards, under, until, till, up, with 说明： 1. 不重读的词，元音弱化。 2. 双音节的介词、连词，可重读：after, before, upon, because 3. up, down, in, on, 作为副词

8、，重读。 Go on, please. / Pull the body up from the water. / Let me in. / Put down the book. 4. 描绘词+名词： 两个词都重读。 He is a fine young man. / Its been like this every day for two years. 5. 虚词重读的情况： （1）强调： I didnt know you were leaving. Yes, I saw that the key was in the box. （2）句首介词： On the day of his arriv

9、al, his grandpa died. （3）句末的be 和助动词： Where can he be? Do you live here? - Yes, I do. （4）be 和助动词与not 的缩写式： Speak louder. I cant hear you. Isnt it lovely? （5）be 和助动词在句首可重读，也可不重读： Is she any better today? Have you finished writing the letter yet? 6. 有时某些描绘词、副词、动词在句中可不重读： good, little, please, right Goo

10、d morning.What a pretty little thing!Come in, please.Here he is, right here. III英语语调： 降调： Look.He cant.We havent time. Whats the time? I should like you to come immediately after tea. I suppose it couldnt possibly happen again. They managed to catch the last bus into town. She gave him a letter and

11、told him to post it, but not to take long about it. Eg. You must take him home.Ill come as soon as I can. Weve been trying to get in touch with you all day. How can I help you? How far is it from here to the airport? Whos coming with me? Where did you say you had put my glasses? They promised to com

12、e to see me on their arrival. Its been a very enjoyable evening for all of us. They had dinner at restaurant, and they went to a show. I went to my brothers room for the box, but the door was locked, so I couldnt get it. Stand up.Sit down.Come again tomorrow. A cup of coffee for me！What a pity! How

13、interesting!What lovely weather!How late you are! 升调： Doesnt she? Have you spoken to him? Did anyone remember to lock the front door? Thats right. What is your name? What can I do for you? Eg. Yes?Me? Where? Fine?These?Do you know? May I come in?Are you on the phone?Did you enjoy it? Can you manage?

14、 Can I help you? Have you heard the latest news? Do you mind if I open the window? Thats all. Thats enough. Keep on trying. If you like. I beg your pardon. Let me know how you get om Richard, R-I-C-H-A-R-D. One, two, three, four, five altogether. July the seventh, nineteen, ninety seven. I like oran

15、ges, bananas, apples and pears. 多语调群： 1. 升降： （1）状语/状语分句+主句：After the game, we had some tea. / When he came, I asked him to tea. （2）选择征询句： Shall we go to the cinema or visit some friends? （3）含有名词性分句或非限制性关系分句的句子： Everybody says that it is an excellent film. How he got there remains unknown. My brother

16、, whose wife is a doctor, has gone abroad. Eg. （1）In spite of the rain, they all came as they promised. Although she was very poor, she was extremely honest. So hard did he work, that he was quite worn out. Without knowing what she was doing, she began to cry. （2）Shall I go there or will you come he

17、re? Do you want to go out or stay home? Are we going to get married or live together like this all our lives? （3）The question is how we get in touch with him. Never leave to others what you ought to do yourself. 2. 降升： （1）主句+状语/状语分句：Id like to buy a new one, if I could afford it. （2）反义疑征询句（对答案无把握）：

18、You live on the campus, dont you?（3）祈使句+附加征询句：Have some tea, will you? Eg. （1）We can walk there if theres time. Youll be late if you dont hurry up. We must put up with it, since it cant be helped. We have very little snow here as a rule. （2）Its going to snow, isnt it? We must move to Hong Kong, must

19、nt we? There wont be enough time, will there? She hasnt finished her composition, has she? （3）Make it next Monday, shall we? Shut the door, will you? Be a good girl, will you? Dont worry, will you? 3. 降降： （1）反义疑征询句（对答案有把握）： Hes an honest man, isnt he? She doesnt work hard, does she? （2）主句+分句(分句语气确信)

20、： I will talk to him about it when he comes. Lets get started since youre all here. （3）并列句（意思联络不太亲切）： Youve worked very well so far, keep it up. Dont beat about the bush and come to the point. Eg. （1）Its fine day, isnt it? Its about the Second World War, isnt it? Samprass took the first prize, didnt

21、 he? You like coffee, dont you? （2）There was no one in the room when I got there. Ill send a car for you if you give me your number. I began to prepare dinner as soon as I got home. She begged me to stay when I insisted going. （3）I dont want to make a decision at once, Ill talk it over with John.I c

22、an never talk easily with him; we seem to have nothing in commen.None of us is perfect; we all make mistakes. There of the speakers are strongly for; one is strongly against. 含插入语句子的语调： 1. 句首：Of course, hes a great man. 2. 句中：This, I think, is the right way to do it. When, do you suppose, youll fini

23、sh the job. 3. 句末： Thats a difficult problem, to be sure. He may be late, Im afraid. 同位语与其同位成分的语调： 1. 升升： Have you seen the film. Gone with the wind? 2. 降降： Our university lies in a suburb of Beijing, the capital of China. 含称呼语的语调组合： 1. 句首： 降降：My brother, dont be silly. 降升：Mom, isnt this skirt too s

24、hort for me? 2. 句中： 升降：I say, Zona, you do look pale. 升升：Hello, Bill, cant I help you? 3. 句末：Im not cold, father. Whats happened, Susan? Arent you going to call me, Mr. Richard? Will you play the piano with me, Jones?篇二：英语语音语调综述 语调的本质 ? ? 语调是说话时冠于话语上的音高变化。 腔调也跟音高变化有关，但是两者并不一样。腔调主要表现在字词上，而语调那么可以表现在大于

25、字词的单位，例如句子上。 英语语调的根本单位 ? ? 在语流中，语调的根本单位是语调单位 (tone unit 或称 intonation group)。 每一个语调单位都包含一个呈现音高变化的突出音节。该音节必须是个重读音节，而且是音高开始变化的音节，称为语调音节 (tonic syllable)。 英语语调的功能 语调跟其它重音节成分一样，也起区别意义的作用，但区别的并不是词的根本意义，而是其它语义： 1. 提示语句的语法类型，例如：陈述句、征询句或祈使句等等； 2. 表达说话人的态度或情绪，例如：惊奇、不耐烦或表达弦外之音。 语调功能英语语调的意义 语调（intonation），即说话的

26、腔调，确实是一句话里腔调（pitch）高低抑扬轻重的配制和变化。世界上没有一种语言是用单一的腔调说出的，以英语为例，英语有五种根本语调：升调（）、降调（）、升降调（）、降升调（）以及平调（）。一句话除了词汇意义（lexical meaning）还有语调意义（intonation meaning）。所谓词汇意义确实是话中所用词的意义，而语调意义确实是说话人用语调所表示的态度或口气。一句话的词汇意义加上语调意义才算是完全的意义。同样的句子，语调不同，意思就会不同，有时甚至会相差千里。请看下例： 1）A：Jean，can you bring me the newspaper？ B：Sorry？（）

27、* Jean用升调说“Sorry”，其意思是“I didnt hear youCould you say that again，please？” 我们再看下句： 2）A：Jean，can you bring me the newspaper？ B：Sorry（） * 在对话2）中，Jean用降调说“Sorry”，显然其意思是回绝协助或无能为力。美国著名语言学家Kenneth LPike认为：一个音节的绝对调高是不重要的，而一个音节与另外一个的相对高度才是特别重要的。英语有四级能区别意义的调高： 1）特高调（extra high），即比正常的腔调高两级，常在感情特别激动或惊奇时使用。 2）高调（

28、high），即比正常的腔调高一级，一般用于语句中关键性的重读词。 3）中调（mid），即说话人声音的正常高度。 4）低调（low），即比正常的腔调低一级， 一般是降调的最低点。 应该按照说话人的态度来分语调方式，而不能按照句子的语法构造来分。没有所谓“疑征询句的语调”或“陈述句的语调”。由于疑征询句和陈述句都可以用各种语调方式来说。 因此，关于我们中国的英语学习者来说，通过理解某种调型所表示的某种态度或口气也就颇为重要。事实上，不管是在现实生活中仍然在中，我们的学生常会由于对这些知识缺乏理解而无法确定说话人的态度、感情、口吻和意图等。然而这又是一个比较复杂的征询题。本文将通过详细的例子从两方面

29、来说明这个征询题： I一句话中绝对调高及音调的相对高度所包含的意义 众所周知，人们在兴奋、惊奇或感情激动时说话的语调就高，而在相反的情况下，语调那么低。因此，在同一个场合中，假设一个人的语调明显高于另一个，或明显低于另一个，以此就可以推断出该说话人的意思及态度。 这里我们要着重谈谈一句话中语调的相对高度的不同所包含的意义。一句话中的语调波峰一般都是句重音所在。通过一句话中的语调波峰所在，我们就可以了讲解话人的意思。如人们读“I live in the city”这句话时，由于强调的对象不同，语调也就随之发生了变化。现不妨比较如下： I（）live in the city（隐含着在场的其别人不住

30、在城里的意思） I live（）in the city（表示“我”只是“住在”城里，其隐含的意思是“我不在城里工作”或其他意思） I live in（）the city（表示“我住在城里边”，其隐含的意思是“我不住在城外”） 因此，对下面的对话所提征询的征询题进展选择时，就不难答复了。 -M：Linda looked very tired these days W：She looked OK to me（） Q：What does the woman think of Linda？（D） AShe saw Linda and me BLinda said she was fine CShe l

31、ooked up the word for me DShe considered Linda was all right 这句话里的句重音碰巧落在句子的最后一个单词“me”上。由于女士用升调重读“me”，这表示了女士有意与男士的看法构成比照，意思是：在你的眼里，她显得疲惫，可在我看来，她没什么征询题。这表示了她那种无所谓的态度。 II某些句型由于句尾语调的改变而引起意义改变的现象 1使用疑征询词who，which，what， how，when，where，why的特别疑征询句可以用降调也可以用升调，但含义是不同的。如： 1）A：MrSmith thinks we ought to get th

32、e money in hand first B：Who？（） A：MrSmith * B用升调说“Who”，表示听不清对方谈话中的某一部分，要求对方再重复那一部分。 2）A：Wed like to have someone to say a word at the beginning to welcome the group B：Who？（） A：We thought that you or DrJohnson might do it * B用降调说“Who”，其意思是征询，对方想让谁在开始时致欢迎词。2附加疑征询句可以读升调也可以读降调，意思是不一样的。降调表示发征询者相信陈述句的内容，只等对方证明。升调表示发征询者对陈述句内容的真实性没有把握，希望对方作