八年级英语上册学习重点.doc

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1、八年级英语上册学习重点Module 3 Journey to spaceUnit 1 Has it arrived yet?它已经到达了吗？1.It has already sent messages back to Earth.它已经把信息发送回地球了。already作为副词，意为“已经，早已”。He has already known the news.他已经知道这个消息了。already一般用于肯定句，用于疑问句时表示“惊喜，意外”yet一般用于否定句或疑问句，常用于句末。Have you done it already?你已经做好啦？（好快）Havent you done it yet

2、?你还没有做好吗？（太慢）already（肯定句）yet（疑问句） not yet已经 现在 还没2.Ive just made this model of the space station.我刚做的宇宙空间站模型。just“刚刚”，常用于现在完成时，位于助动词之后，实义动词之后。Ive just had breakfast.just now“刚才“，相当于 a moment ago，用于一般过去时，通常位于句末。I saw her in the library just now.刚才我在图书馆看见她了。还有“眼下；现在”之意，常用于进行时或一般现在时的句子。I am busy doing

3、my homework just now.我正在忙着做作业呢。3.It has taken several months to get there.宇宙飞船要飞几个月才能到达那。句型：It takes (sb.) some time to do sth.意为“(某人)花费时间做某事”。其中，it是形式主语，动词不定式to do sth.是真正的主语，它与句型Sb. spend(s)doing sth.互换。It took him 5 minutes to draw a horseHe spent 5 minutes drawing a horse.several adj. & pron.几个s

4、everal adj. 各自的，几个只能修饰可数名词。They went their several ways他们各走各的路。Several days later she came again几天后她又来了。several pron.几个，数个Excuse me，have you got any books about history？Yes，we have got several是的，我们有几本。4.arrive v.到达 They arrived in Beijing three days agoarrive in用于较大的地方，如国家，大都市arrive at用于较小的，具体的场所，如镇

5、、家、店、车站、银行等get to 地点名词reach地点名词get/arrive/reach+home/here/there(接副词省略介词)到家/这/那5.Thatt why its on the news.所以新闻才报道啊。Thatt why意为“那就是的原因”，why后用陈述语序。Thatt why she was late.那就是她迟到的原因。Thatt why I like music那就是我喜欢音乐的原因。6.Can I show your space station to my parents？我能把你制作的宇宙空间站拿给我父母看吗？show sth. to sb.或 show

6、 sb. sth.Please show me your new pen=Please show your new pento me.当show的宾语是代词时，只能用show sth. to sb.结构。Will you please show it to me？让我看看它好吗？7.辨析bring，take，carry与fetchbring意为“带来；拿来”，其后可接表示人或物的名词作宾语，也可接双宾语，指从别处把某人或某物带来，拿来（从外往里带），其方向是指向说话人。take意为“带走；拿走”，其后可接表示人或物的名词作宾语，也可接双按语， 指从这里把人或物带走，拿走（从这里往外拿），其方向

7、为远离说话人。carry表示“搬；扛；拿”等，其后也可接表示人或物的名词作宾语，carry指随身携带，没有特定的方向性。fetch表示“去取来”，后面可接表示人或物的名词作宾语，其同义词为get，其方向是先离去，再返回。例Please bring your book here.Lets take Mary to the cinema.He often carries water for us.他经常给我们提水。Please fetch my coat from my bedroom.跟踪训练（Module 3 unit 1）.根据句意与首字母或汉语提示完成单词1.S_hundred stude

8、nts will take part in the sports meeting.2.He has received many emails r_.3.The math problem is very difficult.Tts b_my ability.4.He has_(刚刚)finished reading the book.5.He has _(已经)gone to Yushu.6.-Whats the populationg of China?-Tts about 1.3 b_.7.Scientists have d_some dinosaur eggs.8.Three_(月)has

9、 passed since I came here.9.Please _(出示)me your passport.10.I_(仍然)remember the days we spent together.用所给单词的适当形式填空1.Have you finished reading the book_(yet)?2.Are you sure that it is the _news?3.Have you heard from Tom_(recent)?4.There are many_(discover)in the field of science.5.Have they_(find) li

10、fe on Mars?Unit 2 We havent found life on other planets yet.在其他行星上还没有发现生命1.However,we havent found life on other planets yet.however是副词，一般置于两句之间，其前后用逗号与句子隔开，表示转折。Sales are poor this month.There may,however,be an increase before Chrismas.这个月销量不理想。不过，圣诞节之前也许会上升。but它的转折意味比however更强，后不能有逗号。She studied h

11、ard，but she didnt pass the exam.她努力学习，但是没通过考试。2.the other(s)与 other(s)the other/other后可加名词。I have two pens.One is black and the other is blue.the others/others后不加名词。the others 表示一定范围内除去一部分后其余的全体；others表示除去一部分以后的另一些，但不是剩下的全体。Give me some other apples/others,please!3.None of them has an environment wi

12、th air,so people and things cannot grow.这些行星上没有空气，所以人和其他东西不能生存。none 作为代词，意为“没有一个”，既可表示“没有一个人”也可表示“没有一个物”，作主语时，谓语动词可用单数，也可以用复数。none常与表示范围的of短语连用，表示完全否定。none of 作主语时，如果指代可数名词，谓语动词既可用单数，也可用复数，如果指代不可数名词，则谓语动词只能用单数。None of them come/comes from America.None of the money is mine.这些钱没有一点是我的。（1）no one用来指人，含有

13、“not even one”（连一个也没有）之意，其后不能接of短语，当它作主语时，谓语动词要用单数。No one likes a person with bad manners.没有人喜欢不讲礼貌的人。（2）none不仅可以指人，也可以指物，其后常接of短语，构成“none of名词/代词”结构，当名词或代词是复数时，谓语动词用单、复数均可。None of us have/has seen her.我们没有人见过她。（3）none还可用于表示抽象概念，意为“一点儿也不”。She wanted to go there alone,but her parenst would have none

14、of it.她想要一个人去那，但她父母不允许她这么做。（4）在简略答语中，no one用来回答who引起的问句，而none则用来回答“how many名词复数”，“how much 不可数名词”以及含有“any名词”引起的疑问句。How many students are there in the classroom？None一个也没有Is there any water in the cup？None没有。Who can answer the question？No one没有人。4.a long way away遥远far away5.spacecraft宇宙飞船，单复数同形。The sp

15、acecraft is supposed to land here宇宙飞船预计在这里着陆。Most of the spacecraft are sent into space at this launch site.大多数飞船是从这个发射基地发射到太空的。6.With so many stars in the universe，are we alone ，or is there life out there in space？宇宙中有这么多星星，我们到底是孤独的呢，抑或太空中还有其他生命呢？（1）with so many stars in the universe是介词短语，在句中作状语，表示

16、伴随的情况。The boy ran in，with an apple in his hand手里拿着苹果跑了进来。（2）so many意为“如此多”，后接可数名词复数。There are so many people in the supermarket.(3)alone adj.孤单的，孤独的；adv。独自；单独地If you dont want to go alone, Ill go with you.alone只表示“独自”的客观状态，没有感情色彩。lonely可表示人“孤独的，寂寞的”，也可表示地方“荒凉的，人烟稀少的”I was travelling alone in the lon

17、ely mountain.I didnt feel lonely though I was alone.我独自行走在荒凉的山里，虽孤身一人，但并不感到寂寞。7.Theyve visited most of the universe.他们已到达了宇宙的大部分。most of 中的大多数，后可跟可数名词复数，也可跟不可数名词。作主语时，谓语动词的形式由of后面的名词形式决定。Most of the water is clean. 大部分水是干净的。Most of the students in our class go to school by bike.8.What costs a millio

18、n yuan?什么价值100万元？The book costs 20 yuancost的主语通常是物。9.Pefer life on Mars.更喜欢火星上的生活。prefer用作及物动词，意为“宁愿，更喜欢”，相当于like better，其过去式，过去分词为preferred，现在分词为preferring。prefer用法比较灵活，后可跟名词、代词、不定式等。Do you like coffee？Yes.But I prefer tea.I prefer to stay at home rather than go shopping this weekend.这个周末我宁愿待在家里也不去

19、购物。prefer A to B 是一个常考结构，A与B是平行结构，可以是名词，也可以是动名词。A与B相比，更喜欢AI prefer apples to bananas.苹果和香蕉相比，我更喜欢苹果。She prefers singing to dancing.唱歌和跳相比，她更喜欢唱歌。跟踪训练（Module 3 unit 2）.根据句意与首字母或汉语提示完成单词1.We should try our best to protect our e_,so that people can keep in good health.2.I happened to be _孤独的in the room

20、.3.This sweater _花费 her 20 dollars.4.I have been to Mount Huang_两次.5.We havent _发现who broke the window.用所给单词的适当形式填空1.There are over 1.3_(billion) people in China.2.Is this the_(enter)to the hole?3.He_(prefer)basketball to football two years ago.4.I_(real) know what happened.5.I have_(two) as many bo

21、oks as you.Unit 3 Language in use(语言运用)1.The space shuttle has returned from a visit to the space station.航天飞机访问太空站后返回。a visit to .对的参观/访问，visit在此为名词，意为“参观，访问”for a visit 参观 on a visit to参观。 pay a visit to .拜访。They went to the Summer Palace for a visit.他们参观了颐和园。We are on a visit to London at the mom

22、ent.目前我们正在访问伦敦。2.Did you know that scientists have discovered water on Mars?discover v.意为“发现”即发现原来早已经存在但人们还不知道的东西，如新大陆，科学规律等。That was what she set out to discover.那就是她着手去发现的东西。invent作动词，意为“发明”，即发明以前从未存在过的东西。He has invented a new way of making silk.发明了一种生产丝绸的新法。3.So far theres only life on Earth.到目前为

23、止，只有地球上有生命。so far 是固定词组，意为“到目前为止”，指从过去某一时刻开始一直到现在这一段时间，常用于现在完成时态中。So far weve planted more than 2000 trees.4.I havent read anything as good as that for a long time!我很长时间没有读到和它一样好的东西了。asas 的用法（1）意为“像。一样。”，是两者之间的同级比较，中间应使用形容词或副词的原级。She is as tall as I/me.(2)asas的否定形式为not as /so as ,意为“不如。”Tom doesnt s

24、ing as/so well as Lucy.5.It is so good that Ive already asked the library to keep the next book for me!它是如此好，以至于我已经让图书馆为我留着下一本！sothat用来引导表示结果或程度的从句，意为“如此。以致（因而）”。so是副词，与形容词或副词连用，其结构是：soadj./adv.+that从句。He ran so fast that I couldnt catch up with him.so+形容词/副词that可以转换成简单句。当that从句是否定式时，可以转换成too。to结构，当

25、that从句是肯定式时，可转换成“形容词/副词enough (for sb.) to do”结构He was so excited that he could not say anything.He was too excited to say anything.The room is so comfortable that she likes to live in it. The room is comfortable enough for her to live in .跟踪训练（Module 3 unit 3）.用already与yet完成句子1.Has Li Ming received

26、 the invitation_?No，he hasnt got it_.But I know Mr Zhao has _got it.2.Have you finished your homework_?Yes,Ive _finished it.根据要求改写句子1.I have already seen the film.(改为否定句)2.The players from all over the world have already arrived in Beijing.(一般疑问)3.I spent 10 dollars on the book.（同义句）The book_me 10 d

27、ollars.4.I like surfing the Internet ,too.(同义句)I _like surfing the Internet.5.Most people like doing morning exercises better.(同义句)Most people_to do morning exercises.模块大归纳（Module 3）基础词汇1.地球： 2.火星：3.已经，早已： 4.刚刚，刚才5.模型： 6.站；所；局；车站7.twice（序数词） 8.（使）感到恐惧：9.最近的；最新的： 10.几个的，数个的：11.month（复数） 12.discover（名

28、词）13.recently（形容词） 14.勘探；探测：15.展示；给看 16.任务17.行星 18.太阳的19也；同样 20没有一个21环境 22空气23grow过去式，过去分词24部分 25星系26 十亿 27宇宙28不载人的 29光线；电灯30在之外 31单独的，独自的32entrance(动词) 33cost过去式/分词34.prefer过去式/过去分词35.日记 36.甚至37木星 38.秘密39.real(副词)重点短语1.最新消息 2.millions of years3.欧洲科学家 4.go beyond the solar system5.到目前为止 6.because of

29、7.尽力做 8.in the universe9.送给某人某物 10.hear from11.太空站；宇宙空间站12.航天飞机 13.over_(同义短语)经典句式1.你在做什么？What are you _ _?2.你听说最新消息了吗？_you _the latest news?3.但是宇航员已经到过月球了。But astronauts _already_to the moon.4.我刚刚做了一个太空站的模型。I_ _ _the model_ _ _ _5.科学家认为地球上的生命已经有好几百万年了。Scientists think that _ _ _life on Earth for_ _

30、years.语法知识归纳(MODULE 3)现在完成时（二）1.与现在完成时连用的副词词条用法例句already“已经”，常用于肯定句，一般位于助词之后，实义动词之前，也可用在句末。Ive already finished the work.yet“已经；还；仍然”，用于疑问句和否定句，位于句末。Have you read the book yet?just“刚刚”，常用于肯定句和一般疑问句，位于助动词之后，实义动词之前。My father has just bought a new watch.ever“曾经”，位于助动词之后，实义动词之前。Have you ever talked to a foreigner?never“从不”，是ever的否定式，在句中表示否定含义。Ive never been to Hong Kong.before“以前”，可单独用于句子末尾。She has never met the man before.