必修五第二单元重点词汇精讲及练习.doc

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1、Unit 2The environment1.survival(P. 21)n. 幸存，生还the problem of survival 生存问题the survival of the fittest 适者生存a survival from ancient times古代遗物【拓展】survivevi. & vt. 幸免于；从逃生，幸存，活下来survive sth.幸免于某事survive sb.比某人活得长survivorn. 幸存者survivor of an air raid 空袭的幸存者练习：1)With the help of the government, a large nu

2、mber of people _ after the flood in 1997.A. survivedB. suspendedC. sufferedD. urged2)这场地震只有五个村民幸免。Only five villagers _.3)很幸运，这个男孩得以从大火中逃生。It was lucky that the boy _.4)他比他妻子多活好几年。He _ for many years.5)健康的环境对于我们人类的生存是重要的。A healthy environment _.2.nature n. 大自然；本性；性质against nature违反自然（规律）by nature生就、

3、生来in nature本质上the law of nature自然界的法则human nature人性a man of gentle nature性格温和的男人natural adj. 大自然的；天生的；与自然有关的natural resources天然资源natural food天然食品It is natural that = It is natural for + n. + to do 做是理所当然的naturally adv.自然地；天生地练习：1)最近那类书普遍受欢迎。Books _ are popular these days.2)猫生来就爱干净。Cats are_ very cle

4、an.3)他的问题本质上属于个人问题。His problem was personal _.4)她有插花的天赋。She has _ for arranging flowers.5)他反对那样的计划是理所当然的。_ he should oppose the plan like that.=It is natural _ _ _ _ _ the plan like that.6)这些花从前到处自然生长。These flowers_ here and there.3.debate (P. 22)v & n. 辩论、争论、争辩debate about / on sth. 争论某事debate sth

5、with sb. 与某人争论某事(sth be) under debate 正在讨论中辨析：debate与arguedebate多指在公开、正式的场合进行辩论或严肃的争论，双方各自陈述理由，“交锋、往返”的意味较强。argue不及物动词，指一方坚持自己的意见、立场和观点，提出争论企图说服对方。argue的名词为argument.练习：1) 到目前为止，对于这些问题几乎还没有进行过公众讨论。As yet there has been little public _ these issues.2) 他们总是为钱而争吵。They are always _.3) 我们讨论了好几个小时才投票。We _

6、taking a vote.4) 整个赔偿问题还在讨论中。(debate n.)The whole question of compensation is _.5) After a long _, the bill was passed by the House of the Commons.A. argueB. debateC. discussD. quarrel4.voice v.表达，吐露n. 呼声，意见，发言权voice ones opinion发表意见练习：1) 这个城市的大批清洁工举行罢工，以表达他们对低工资的不满。A crowd of dustmen in this city w

7、ent on strike _about their low pay.2)发言人表示了工人的不满情绪。A spokesman _dissatisfaction.3)新计划实施前，我们愿意倾听一下学生和家长的意见。Before this new plan comes into effect, we would like to hear _the students and their parents.4)工人要求在管理决策上有发言权。The workers want _in management decisions.【注】voice作名词“声音”的用法及与sound等词的辨析可参看模块四 Unit

8、3注释18。5.wipe out 消灭，摧毁【拓展】wipe v. 擦、拭或揩某物wipe the dishes/table把碟子擦干/擦桌子wipe ones eyes/nose擦干眼泪/擦鼻子wipe sh. clean/dry把某物擦干净/擦干wipe sth. away/off/ from 擦净或擦掉某物wipe (away) the tears from ones eyes擦（掉）眼泪wipe the writing from the blackboard把黑板上的字擦掉wipe (up) the split milk off the floor把洒在地板上的牛奶擦干净wipe a

9、recording off (a tape)抹掉磁带上录制的内容wipe out ones debts还清债务练习：1) 整个村庄都被海啸吞噬了。The whole village _ by the tsunami.2)政府竭力清除毒品买卖活动。The government is trying _ drug trafficking.3)今年亏损把去年的赢利都赔光了。This years losses have _last years profits.4)He did business to make a living, but last week he all his money.A. tri

10、ed out B. carried out C. turned out D. wiped out 6. lay vt. 放、置；产卵lay eggs产卵lay the table摆放桌子lay stress / emphasis on sth强调某事辨析：lay与lielie不及物动词：位于；躺；说谎。tell a lie/lies撒谎lie in（原因）在于lie躺、位于过去式：lay过去分词：lainlie撒谎过去式：lied过去分词：liedlay摆放过去式：laid过去分词：laid练习：1) 我总是知道她什么时候在说谎。I always know _.2) 丈夫出海时，她往往担忧得每

11、夜都躺着无法入睡。She _ awake at night worrying while her husband was out at sea.3) 帝国主义的薄弱之处在于缺乏人民的支持。The weakness of the imperialism _ its lack of support from the people.4) He _ on the ground _ to me that his hen _ two eggs a day.A. lied; laying; had laidB. lay; lying; had laidC. laid; lay; had lainD. lay

12、; lied; has laid7. grow to增加到，增长到(increase to/ rise to/ climb to)grow by 增加了，净增了(increase by/ rise by)grow into逐渐成长为，变为grow up长大，逐渐发展，形成grow apart from sb.与某人逐渐疏远grow v.扩大，增强；生长，发育；长大，长高link-v 变得；逐渐成为练习：1） 这所学院的学生人数已经增长到5000多人。_ over 5,000.2)价格攀升到了令人难以置信的水平。The price _ an unbelievable number.3)去年公司的

13、利润增加了5%。The companys profits_.4)自从我上次见到你，你又见长了。_ since the last time I saw you!5)时间长了，他越来越没耐心。As time went on he _.6)我肯定你慢慢就会喜欢她了。Im sure youll _ in time.7)他在北京长大。He _ in Beijing.8)这两个女孩的关系越来越亲密。A closeness _ between the two girls.9)她正在学着适应作为母亲的新角色。Shes still _ as a mother.10)她毕业后就与同学疏远了。When she le

14、ft school she _.8.six times表示倍数的几个句型- times as +形容词/副词原级+as- times +the+性质名词(size/length/width/height/depth-)+of- times+形容词比较级+than-练习：1)这张桌子是那张桌子的三倍大。_._._.2)我们的教室是隔壁教室的四倍大。Our classroom is _ as big as the one next to ours.3)这个建筑物比那个建筑物高两倍。The building is_ _ _ that one.4)你们的游泳池是我们的五倍大。Your swimming

15、 pool is five times_ _ of ours.5)At rough estimate, Nigeria is _ Great Britain.A. three times the size asB. the size three times ofC. three times as the size ofD. three times the size of9.catch v. 抓住，赶上（公共汽车，火车，飞机等）；听见；理解；传染（疾病）catch hode of 抓住，握住catch ones breath（由于恐惧、震惊等）屏息，屏气catch sbs eye引起某人注意，若

16、人注目be/get caught in突然遭受，碰上，遇到catch up with赶上，追上catch fire着火catch sight of 察觉，瞥见catch ones interest引起，激发某人的兴趣练习：1） 你能引起服务员的注意吗？_?2） 我们在回家路上遇上了大雨。We _ on the way home.3） 他因病休学一学期，不得不努力学习好赶上其他同学。He had to work hard to _ after missing a term through illness.4)那头熊走近他，他屏住了呼吸。When the bear went close to hi

17、m, he _.5)她试图从他身边挤过去，他一把抓住了她的胳膊。He _ as she tried to push past him.6)不要乱丢烟头，草很容易着火。Dont throw cigarette end about. _.7)我得走了，我要赶火车。I must go to _.8)我的感冒想必是你传染的。I think I must _.10.cut back (on) 减少，削减，缩减cut across走捷径cut away砍去cut up切碎，剁碎cut down砍倒；消减；使-降价cut through开辟（出路或通道）cut in (on sb./sth.)打断（谈话）；

18、插嘴；超车抢道cut off切掉，砍掉；中断（电话通话）cut out切掉；删掉练习：1)他在盘子上把肉切成小块。He _ on the plate.2)囚犯们切断铁丝网开出一条路逃之夭夭。The prisoners _ the barbed wire.3)我们电话打到一半就断线了。We _in the middle of our conversation.4）我们谈话时她老插嘴。She _ our conversation.5）我们若不能多销，就必须减产。If we dont sell more well have to _.6)我们不能再消减费用了。We cant _ any more.7

19、） 请把不重要的细节删去。Please _.8)He was in hospital for six months. He felt as if he was _ from the outside world.A. cut outB. cut offC. cut upD. cut through11.turn into 把-变成turn in交还，上交turn around 转过去，转身turn away解雇；转过脸去，把-打发走turn down调低，拒绝，摒弃，（使）折起来turn on / off 打开 / 关（自来水、电灯、收音机等）turn out生产，结果是-turn over（使

20、）翻过来；（使）翻倒；交给，移交turn to指向，转向；求助于，依赖turn up向上，向上翻；调高；出现，露面练习：1) 毛毛虫可以变成蝴蝶。Caterpillars _ butterflies.2) 他拒绝了她的帮助。He _ her offer.3) 父母睡着了，我不得不将收音机音量调低。I have to _because my parents are sleeping.4) 医生是不能见死不救的。A doctor cannot _a dying man.5) 尽管我们很担心，一切都很顺利。Despite our worries, everything_.6) 我们约好7:30见面，

21、但他根本没露面。We arranged to meet at 7:30, but he never _.7) 你翻个身，也许入睡容易些。If you _, you might find it easier to get to sleep.8) Under the present system, state enterprises must _ all profits to the government.A. turn downB. turn upC. turn outD. turn in12.expand vi. 扩张，增加，增强；使变大；vt.使增强expansion n.扩展；扩大；发展；

22、展开expand on sth.阐述或详述某事练习：1) 这家公司在苏格兰建立了新工厂，从而扩大了其经营范围。The company _in Scotland by building a new factory there.2) 金属受热则膨胀。Metals _ when they are heated.3) 为什么不把你的故事扩展成小说呢？Why not try to _?4) 热使气体膨胀。Heat causes _ of gases.5) Many Europeans _ the continent of Africa in the 19th century.A. explodedB.

23、exposedC. exploredD. expanded13.last adj. 最后的；最终的；最不可能的 adv. 在最后，上次 v.延续，持续，维持lastingadj.持续一段很长时间的练习：1） 六月的最后一个星期日_2） 刚过去的星期二_3） 他知道这是他获胜的唯一希望了。He knew_.4） 他是最不可能保密的人。He is _.5） 我上次见到他是两年前在纽约。_.6） 你看这样的好天气能维持多久？_.7） He came last in the race._.8） Parents behavior has a lasting effect on their childre

24、n._.9） This is the last place where I expected to meet you._。14.It is obvious that显然obviously adv.It is clear/ necessary/ true that显然、很必要、的确练习：1） 大家都清楚那孩子受过虐待。_to everyone_.2） 他显然需要帮助。_.3） It is true that he once worked as a doctor._.15.I do agree我确实同意用do, does, did 来强调谓语动词。练习：1）一定早点来。_!2）他上周确实给你寄过信

25、。_.3）她的确打算来，我们非常高兴。Were pleased_.4)You didnt lock the back door.You are wrong. I_.A. have locked itB. lock it myselfC. did lock itD. do lock it5）An awful crash between an express train and a bus _, however, occur the other day .A. doesB. didC. has toD. had to6)He _ much progress last term, which mad

26、e his parents happy.A. do makeB. did makeC. does makeD. did made16.product produce指一切农产品或天然产品的总称，不可数名词。product可数名词，侧重于工业品或农业加工品，有时也用于由于体力或脑力产生的东西。production指生产的活动，生产的量，及文艺等智力方面的作品，指文学作品时是可数名词。练习：1) 农产品被火车运送到全国各地。The field _ is shipped by train to other parts of the country.2) 在上海能买到各种土特产品。We can buy

27、 _in Shanghai.3) 我们的产品要有新的市场。We must have new markets_.4) 在学校里以强凌若是竞争社会的产物吗？Is bullying at school the_?5) 作为作家，他的早期作品受到所有年龄层的欢迎。His early _ as a writer _.6) 我们努力运用更好的方法和工具增加生产。We try our best _ by using better methods and tools. 17.What if? 是一个主从复合句的省略形式，“如果将会怎么样？”1)I will not take an umbrella with

28、me today._ it rains later in the day?A. HowB. WhatC. How aboutD. What if2)要是发生风暴怎么办？_?3）如果我们把画移到那边怎么样？_?18.delightn. 高兴，满意；vt. 使高兴，使欣喜delighted adj.愉快的，高兴的delightful adj令人愉快的；可喜的be delighted at/ by/ with sth.听到而感到高兴be delighted to do /be delighted +that clause因而高兴take /have /find delight in喜爱，以为乐to

29、ones delight令某人高兴的是with delight高兴地，乐意地Its a delight to do sth.做某事是一件令人愉快的事练习：1) _ our delight, he was admitted by Peking University.A. ToB. InC. WithD. For2)_ with what the students had done, the teacher praised them highly.A. DelightB. DelightingC. DelightedD. Being delighted3)听到我们队获胜的消息，我们都很高兴。_.4

30、）他以证实别人出错为快事。_.5）她读了这本书感到非常高兴。She read the book _.19.not onlybut also(P. 38)a.连接主语：由于not only A but also B句式的重点在B上，所以谓语动词一般要与B保持人称和数的一致。例如：Not only I but also Tom and Mary are fond of watching television.不仅我，而且汤姆和玛丽都喜欢看电视。补：not A but B, either A or B, neither A nor B, A or B等作主语时，谓语动词也与B一致。例如：Either

31、 you or I am mad. 不是你而是我疯了。b. not onlybut also 除了连接两个主语之外，还可以连接两个谓语、宾语、表语、 补语、状语以及句子等。注：not onlybut also连接两个句子位于句首时，前面的句子要部分倒装，also可以省略。eg. Not only did the students go into the classroom, but （also） the teacher went into the classroom, too.练习：这个可怜的人不仅被逮捕，而且被投进监狱。_ _had the poor man been arrested _

32、_he had been sent to prison as well. 不仅学生们对这件事有看法，而且那位教授也有自己的看法。_have their own ideas on the matter, but also the professor. 我们不但要对我们所做的事负责，而且要对我们没有去做的事负责。It is what we have done what we have not done that we are responsible for. 他不仅闻名中国，而且闻名全球。_.20. It is/was reported that sb/sth 据报道=sb/sth. is/was

33、 reported to do/to have done/to be doing/to be done/to have been done类似的词还有：believe, suppose, say, expect, think, know, etc.练习： It is reported that the scientist invented a new kind of medicine.=The scientist is reported _ _ _ a new kind of medicine. It is said that he was a rich man in the past. =H

34、e is said _ _ a rich man in the past. It is supposed that the students are working hard in the classroom.=The students are supposed _ _ _ hard in the classroom.21. rely on 信任，信赖；依靠，依赖rely on sth./doing sth.信赖; rely on sb/sbs doing依赖某人干; rely on sb to do sth依赖某人去干-;rely on A for B 依赖A为了B练习： 这天气是靠不住的。

35、 You cant _ _ the weather. 不要对去印度抱太大的希望。Dont _ _ _ to India. 不要对银行给你贷款抱太大的希望。Dont _ _ the bank _ you the money. 你尽管信赖我一定会帮助你。You can _ _ me _help you. 他们用水只好依靠这条河了。They have to _ _the river _ their water. 辨析：rely on 与depend on 用法基本相同。但depend on还有“取决于、视-而定”意思，不能用rely on代替。 你可不能信赖约翰他几乎总是迟到的。You cant _

36、 _ John-he nearly always arrives late. 国家（的经济）在很大程度上依靠其旅游业。The country _ heavily _ its tourist trade. 股票的价格视购买者 的多少来定的。The price of the shares will _ _ the number of who want to buy them.22. under way 进行中，前进中Our project is now well under way. 我们的计划正在顺利地进行着。类似搭配：under attack 遭受攻击；under control 在控制之中；

37、under discussion 在讨论中；under study 在研究中； under repair 在修理中；under examination 在检查中；under construction 在建设中；under consideration 在考虑中练习：更换电脑的可能性仍在考虑中。The _ of replacing the computers remains _ _. 虽然SARS的传播非常快，但在很多国家它已经在控制之中了。SARS spreads very quickly, however, it has been _ _in many countries. 国民保健制度遭到保

38、守政府的猛烈抨击。The National Health Service is very much _ _ from the Tory government.你提出的那个计划还在讨论之中。The plan you put forward is still _ _. 23. drop n. 一滴 v. 丢下，扔下常用短语：a drop of water 一滴水；drop sth; 丢下/放弃/中止某事；drop in 拜访 ; drop by/in to see sb. 顺便看望某人；drop in on顺便拜访某人; drop in at顺便走访某地; drop sb off让某人下车; drop sb. a line给某人写信; drop out退学; drop the ball犯错误；练习： 昨天我去买东西时顺便走访了我的