英语语法：虚拟语气的用法(共5页).doc

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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上虚拟语气的用法一、虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法1. 在动词wish后的宾语从句中，表示与现在或过去的事实相反，或对将来的主观愿望，从句通常省略连词that。表示对现在情况的虚拟：从句动词用过去式或过去进行式（be动词一般用were）例：1) I wish I knew the answer to the question.我希望知道这个问题的答案。2) I wish it were autumn in Beijing all the year around.但愿北京全年是秋天。表示对过去情况的虚拟：从句动词常用“had过去分词”例：1) I wish I hadnt s

2、pent so much money.我后悔不该花那么多钱。2) He wishes he had not lost the chance.他真希望没有失去机会。表示对将来的主观愿望：从句动词形式为“would动词原形”注意：主句的主语与从句的主要不能相同，因为主句的主语所期望的从句动作能否实现，取决于从句主语的态度或意愿（非动物名词除外）。例：1) I wish it would stop raining.但愿雨能停止。2)I wish you would come soon.但愿你立刻来。2. 在一个坚持（insist）,两个命令（order, command）,三个建议（suggest,

3、 advice, propose）,四个要求（ ask, demand request, require）等动词后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用“(should)动词原形”，表示建议、要求、命令等。例：1) I suggest that we (should) set off at once.我建议马上动身。2) The students insisted that they (should) have more English classes学生们坚持要多上英语课。3. 在主语would (had) rather that 宾语从句中，从句谓语用过去式表示虚拟形式。例：I would rather

4、 they went with me.我倒希望他们和我一起去。二、 虚拟语气在条件句中的用法 条件句有真实条件句和非真实条件句两种。真实条件句所表示的假设是可能发生或实现的。句中的条件从句与结果主句皆用陈述语气。例： If I have enough money next year, I will go to America. 假如明年我有钱，我就去美国。. 非真实条件句所表的假设则是不可能或不大可能发生或实现的，句中的条件从句与结果主句皆用虚拟语气。条件从句的谓语形式主语的谓语从句形式与现在事实相反If 主语+动词过去式主语 +should/would/could/might + 动词原形与

5、过去事实相反If 主语+had +动词过去分词主语+should/would/could/might + have +过去分词与将来事实相反If 主语+动词过去式+should +动词原形+were to +动词原形主语+should/would/couldmight + 动词原形1. 表示跟现在事实相反 从句的谓语用动词的过去式（be的过去式用were），构成If I （we, you, he, they）动词过去式的形式；主句的谓语用would(第二、三人称)/should（第一人称）/might/could动词原形例：1) If I were you, I should (would,

6、could, might)tell him the truth.要是我是你，我就会对他说实话。2) If he had time, he would (could, might) go with you.如果他有时间，他就会（可能）和你去。 2. 与过去的事实相反从句的谓语用had过去分词，构成If I (we, you, he, they)had过去分词的形式；主句的谓语用should（第一人称）/would（第二、三人称）/could/might have 动词过去分词。例：1) He would never have behaved like that if he had had a g

7、ood education.昨晚如果假如受过良好的教育，他就不会表现成那样。2) If I had time last night, I should have come to see you.有时间，我就会来看你的.3) If my watch had not stopped, I should have been on time.假如我的表不停，我就会准时的。3. 与将来事实相反从句的谓语用If I (we, you, he, they) 动词过去式或were to do 或should do 形式，主句谓语用should（第一人称）/would（第二、三人称）/could/ might

8、动词原形。例：1) If he should see me, he would know me假如他看见我， 就会认识我。.2) If we climbed to the top of the mountain, should we get a good view?假如我们爬上山顶，我们能有一个好的视野吗？4. If从句中若含有should, had 或者were，那么就可以把它们放在句首，与主语颠倒形成倒装，但动词过去式不可以与主语倒装。例：1) Were he here, he would come to help us.如果他在，他会来帮助我们。2) Had you been here

9、just now, you would have met her.假如你刚才在这里，你就会遇见她。3) Had you done as I told you, you would have succeeded.假如你按照我说的去做，你就会成功。5. 当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为“错综时间条件句”，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整。例：1) If I were not busy, I would have come.假如我不忙，我家会来了。2) You would be much better now if you had taken my a

10、dvice.假如你接受了我的意见，你现在就会好的多。6. 用介词短语代替条件状语从句。常用的介词由with, without, but for等。What would you do with a million dollars? =if you had a million dollarsWe couldnt have finished the work ahead of time without your help. (if we hadnt got your help)But for rain(=If it hadnt been for the rain), we would have fi

11、nished the work.7 含蓄条件句有时为了表达的需要，在虚拟语气中并不总是出现if引导的条件句，而通过其他手段代替条件句。1) I was ill that day. Otherwise, I would have taken part in the sports meet.（副词）2) He telephoned to inform me of your birthday, or I would have known nothing about it .（连词）3) A man who stopped drinking water would be dead in about s

12、even days. （定语从句）4) Everything taken into consideration, they would have raised their output quickly.（独立主格结构）三、虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法 主语从句是Its necessary (natural, important, strange, surprising, better, a pity, no wonder) that时， 谓语的虚拟形式用 （should）原形动词或shouldhave过去分词来表示。例：1) It is necessary that a high school

13、student should master a foreign language.高中学生掌握一门外语很有必要。2) It is a pity that he should be absent today.很遗憾他居然没有在注意：有些过去分词可以当形容词使用，在主语从句中要用虚拟语气，常见的有：desired, demanded, requested, suggested, required等。四、虚拟语气在表语从句和同位语从句的用法 在suggestion, proposal, order, plan, idea, request, advice等名词后的表语从句和同位语从句中要用虚拟语气。

14、其构成是“should动词原形”。 例：1) My idea is that we should think it over before accepting it.我认为我们在接受之前应该考虑一下。2) We all agreed to his suggestion that we should go to Zhangjiajie for sightseeing.我门所有人都同意他提出的去张家界观光的建议。五、其他1. 在It is (high) time (that)的句型中，定语从句的虚拟形式常用过去式或should动词原形（should不能省略），表示“现在该”例：It is time

15、 we left.我们该走了。2. if only表示一种假设情况，意思是“要是就好了”，相当于主语wish。例：1) If only it were Sunday today.要是今天是星期天就好了。2) If only he had a sense of humor.要是他幽默点就好了。3. 由as if (as though) 或even though(even though) 引导的状语从句表示比较或方式时，从句谓语形式为动词的过去式（be用were）或“had过去分词”。例：1) He treats me as if I were a stranger.他那样对待我，好像我是陌生人似

16、的。2) She talked about the film as if she had really seen it.她谈论那部影片，就好像她确实看过一样。注意：如果表示的事情可能会发生，那么方式状语从句中的谓语动词可用陈述语气。3. 虚拟语气用在含有If it were not for或If it had not been for 条件句中。例：1) If it were not for the rain, the crops would die.如果没有雨，庄稼就会死掉。2) If it had not been for your help, we couldnt have finished the work ahead of time.如果没有你的帮助，我们不可能提前完成这项工作。4. 虚拟语气表示委婉语气的句型中。例：1) It would be better for you not to stay up too late.2) Would you be so kind enough to open the door.5. 用于“may动词原形”表示“祝愿”，may须置于句首。例：1) May you be happy!2) May you succeed!专心-专注-专业