机械工程材料课程教学探讨中英翻译.doc

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1、机械工程材料课程教学探讨中英翻译Mechanical engineering material course teaching to explore chinese-english translation 机械工程材料课程是机械类专业学生的技术基础课，是一个倾向于叙述性质的课程体系，既有高度浓缩的基础理论，又有实践性很强的操作工艺技术。机械类专业教学大纲明确指出，该课程是联系设计类课程与制造类课程的纽带，是从基础课学习转向专业课学习的桥梁，其特点主要表现为“三多一少”，即内容头绪多、原理规律多、概念定义多、理论计算少。另外，该课程也是一门与实际工程紧密结合、实践性较强的课程，在整个教学过程中约

2、占48（含实验8学时）学时。因此，摆在机械工程材料课程教师面前亟待解决的课题是怎样利用有限的学时和条件，组织和协调好课堂理论教学与实践教学的配合，使学生尽可能掌握、理解该课程内容，进一步探讨如何拓宽学生的专业视野，提高学习兴趣，培养实际动手能力，训练他们系统掌握工程材料综合运用能力，使该课程与后续专业课程融为一体。Mechanical engineering material course is a technical basic course for students majoring in machinery, is a tendency in the narrative nature o

3、f the course system, both the basic theory of the highly concentrated, and practical operation techniques. Mechanical engineering syllabus clearly pointed out that the course is contacting design and manufacture course of link, the bridge from basic course learning to professional course learning, i

4、ts characteristic is mainly about a little, namely content idea, principle of law, concept definition and theoretical calculation. In addition, this course is a closely integrated with the actual engineering, practical stronger course, in the whole teaching process accounts for about 48 class hours

5、(including eight hours). Before mechanical engineering material course teachers, therefore, subject to be solved is how to utilize the limited class hours and conditions, good organization and coordination of classroom theory teaching and practice teaching, make students master as much as possible,

6、understand the course content, to further explore how to broaden the students professional vision, improve the learning interest, cultivate the actual beginning ability, train their master engineering material system comprehensive utilization ability, make the course and the follow-up professional c

7、ourses. 1 本课程在教学体系中的现状1 status in the system of teaching this course 本课程的教学对象是机械类专业学生，以培养机械工程师为目的1。机械工程师培养的侧重点是能够正确选材、用材，并合理地选择加工方法、制订工艺路线，需要的是工程设计与制造紧密相关的材料知识及其运用能力，即了解材料在加工成形和使用过程中的特点，把握材料的本质。因此课程教学基本要求必须符合机械工程师实际工作需要，要学以致用，但目前的教学过程也反映出一些不足之处2。Teaching of the course object is mechanical profession

8、al students, to train mechanical engineer for the purpose of 1. Mechanical engineer, emphasis of the training is to be able to correct materials, timber, and reasonably selecting machining method, formulation process route, need an engineering design and manufacturing materials closely related knowl

9、edge and skills, which understand the characteristics of the material in the process of shaping and use, to grasp the essence of materials. So teaching basic requirements must be accord with the actual work to be a mechanical engineer, to put this to use, but also reflects some current teaching proc

10、ess deficiency in 2. 对于机械工程材料课程教学活动，数学校安排在第三学期进行，授课对象正处于开始专业基础课的学习阶段，缺乏实践经验和机械加工制造工艺的感性知识，因此进入专业基础课学习时感到茫然，学习欲望不强烈。另外，该课程繁杂、枯燥、抽象、灵活的特性，要求学生具备较好的综合能力，较强的灵活运用能力。但学生的思维方式、学习方法、掌握能力均不太适应，往往事倍功半，学习效果不明显，从而影响了学习的积极性。For mechanical engineering material teaching activities, the paper by paper union collect

11、 several school arranged in the third semester, the teaching object is at the stage began to professional basic course of study, lack of practical experience and perceptual knowledge of mechanical processing manufacturing process, thus bewildered when entering the professional basic course learning,

12、 learning desire is not strong. In addition, the course is multifarious, boring, abstract, flexible features, students are required to have good comprehensive ability, strong ability of flexible use. But students way of thinking, learning method, grasps the ability were not too orientation, often th

13、e wasted effort, the learning effect is not obvious, thus affecting the enthusiasm of learning. 近几年，课程教学改革不断深入，随之而来的是不断压缩课时，而教学内容有增无减。因此，为了完成教学工作，大多数课堂教学仍以灌输知识为主，教师把主要精力放在按规定学时把所有的教学内容灌输给学生，偏重课程知识、内容孤立传授，而对学生如何运用所学知识解决、分析实际问题的能力缺乏训练。学生在课堂上基本处于被动接受的状态，不利于调动学生的学习积极性、主动性，教学效率不高，直接表现为课程结业的考试成绩偏低。In rece

14、nt years, the curriculum reform unceasingly thorough, followed by continuous compression class, the teaching content increase. Therefore, in order to complete the teaching work, the majority of classroom teaching is still mainly on knowledge, teachers focus on school required all the lessons of the

15、teaching content to students, curriculum knowledge, instruction content isolation of lay particular stress on, and on how students use knowledge ability to solve practical problems, analysis the lack of training. Basic is in a state of passive accept students in the classroom, is not conducive to mo

16、bilize students learning enthusiasm, initiative, teaching efficiency is not high, directly show the course completion test scores on the low side. 实践教学是人才培养的重要环节，在学生能力和综合素质提高方面有其独特的作用。但目前机械工程材料课程的实验大多属于验证性实验，即学生根据实验指导书按部就班操作即可得到实验结果，几乎不需要思考，因此学生对实验课的投入不够，缺乏兴趣。另外，许多院校在实践过程中普遍存在一些问题，如学生逐年增多，而实验设备得不到及时

17、更新和购置；因课时限制，学生不能独立地对设备进行操作；学生提前没有预习实验教材，进入实验室不知道怎样动手操作，只能顺应实验指导教师的预设轨道完成教学等。Practice teaching is an important part of talent training, the students ability and comprehensive quality improvement in has its unique role. But the mechanical engineering material course experiment mostly belongs to the ve

18、rification experiment, the students according to the experiment instruction step-by-step operation can get the results of the experiment, almost dont need to think about, so students spending on experiment is not enough, lack of interest. In addition, many colleges and universities generally has som

19、e problems in the process of practice, such as students increased year by year, and cant get a timely update and experimental equipment purchase; Due to the limitation class time, students cannot operate independently on the equipment; Students didnt prepare ahead of experiment teaching material, en

20、ter the lab dont know how to operate, can only conform to the preset orbit of experimental teachers teaching, etc. 2 教学方法与手段2 the teaching method and means 2.1 精心策划教学实施方案，显著提升教学效果2.1 carefully planned teaching implementation plan, significantly improve the teaching effect 教学实施方案是教学理念和教学模式的具体体现，精心策划实

21、施好每堂课的教学活动也是对一名教师最基本的要求。如前所述，机械工程材料知识点较琐碎，要做到理清思路，教会学生善于归纳、提取和浓缩知识要点，如对概念、材料种类、热处理工艺、材料性能等相近或相反不容易区分、识记、掌握的内容，可以通过类比法进行讲解。例如铁碳合金中的基本相铁素体、奥氏体、渗碳体等，可通过比较它们的成分、组织形态和性能来区分理解。Teaching plan is the embodiment of teaching concept and mode, carefully planned implementation of good teaching activities of each

22、 class are of a teachers most basic requirements. As mentioned above, mechanical engineering material knowledge is relatively trivial, clear up the thoughts to do, teach students the extraction and enrichment are summarized, knowledge points, such as the concept, the type of material, heat treatment

23、 process and material performance, and other similar or opposite is not easy to distinguish, memorization and mastery of the content, can be explain by analogy method. For example the basic phase of the iron carbon alloy ferritic, austenitic, cementite and so on, by comparing their composition, orga

24、nization form and property to differentiate between the understanding. 课堂是实施教学活动的主要场所，也是学生获取知识的主要途径，有时候略显枯燥和干涩，可以适时引用现实中的实例活跃课堂气氛和激发学生的学习兴趣，同时也要找到理论与实际的切入点，使抽象、深奥的理论具体化、通俗化，有助于学生对理论知识的理解和掌握，将感性知识上升为理性知识，强化对知识的理解和灵活应用，提高该课程的教学效果。Classroom is the main place to implement the teaching activities, is als

25、o the main way to obtain knowledge, students sometimes slightly dull and dry, can timely reference instance in reality to active classroom atmosphere and stimulate students interest in learning, but also to find the breakthrough point of the theory with practice, concrete to abstract and abstruse th

26、eory, popularization, helps the student to understand and master the theoretical knowledge, will perceptual knowledge rise to rational knowledge, strengthen the understanding and flexible application of knowledge, improve the teaching effect of the course. 2.2 以主线为主导，引领贯穿教学内容2.2 as the main line, le

27、ading through the teaching content 理想的教学方法应该能够有效地将教学中的各种任务、层次、要素有机地结合起来，相互协调，让学生对课程内容的理解有一个不断认识和逐步提高的过程。本课程知识点众多，分散而且抽象，知识点之间表面的逻辑关系不明，给学生的学习带来一定困难。如果紧抓课程主线，明确课程目的以及概念之间的来龙去脉，就容易使学生对该课程的学习产生兴趣，激发学习主动性。Ideal teaching method should be able to effectively to a variety of tasks, levels and elements in t

28、he teaching organically, coordinate with each other, let the students understanding of course content there is a constant process of understanding and gradually increase. This course knowledge point is numerous, spread and abstract, on the surface of the logical relationship between knowledge points

29、, give students bring certain difficulty to learn. If you cling to course the main line, clear the ins and outs of course purpose and between concepts would be easy to make students interested in the course of learning, stimulate learning initiative. 首先从头至尾纵向勾勒出课程的“主线”，找到“化学成分+热处理组织结构性能应用”这条主线3，把看似知

30、识点凌乱的各章节有机结合起来，帮助学生理清头绪，将所学知识融会贯通。Longitudinal outline of courses in the first place from beginning to end mainline, find chemical composition + heat treatment to the organizational structure, performance and application of the main line 3, the seemingly messy chapters of knowledge organically, help

31、s the student to put things in perspective, the learned knowledge to achieve mastery through a comprehensive study. 在具体的章节中也不例外，譬如学习钢的牌号时，亦可以归纳总结 “典型牌号主要用途性能要求化学成分特点（碳及合金元素的质量分数与主要作用）热处理工艺及相应组织”这一主线，将分散的内容高度集中，将繁杂的内容高度概括，使得学生在学习过程中达到条理化、系统化。Is not exceptional also, in the specific sections such as l

32、earning to the steel grades, can also sum up the typical brand - applications - performance requirements - chemical composition characteristics (the mass fraction of carbon and alloying elements and main effect) and heat treatment process and the corresponding organization the main line, to spread t

33、he content of the highly centralized, highly generalization of the content of the multifarious, makes students achieve a methodical, systematic in the learning process. 2.3 充分利用教学手段，提高教学效果2.3 make full use of teaching means, improve the teaching effect 目前，现代化教学技术不断渗入课堂教学，在显著提高学生素质、提高教师课堂教学效果、改变传统教学模

34、式等方面发挥了积极作用。譬如在授课过程中，通过简明、实用的多媒体动画课件和图片让学生看清材料的结构组织，变抽象为形象，增加学生的感性认识，增强课堂教学的主动性和直观性。At present, the modern teaching technology seeping through the classroom teaching, in improve students quality, improve teachers classroom teaching effect, change the traditional teaching mode has played a positive r

35、ole. For example in the teaching process, through the concise, practical courseware and multimedia animation image to let the students see the structure of the organization, change the abstract for the image, and increase the students perceptual knowledge, enhance the initiative of classroom teachin

36、g and intuitive. 另外，在丰富教学环节过程中，可以通过穿插案例组织课堂教学4，如在讲授铁碳合金相图、分析组织时，可以把课堂的理论教学移到实验室进行，在实验室利用4XCE金相显微镜，借助CCD直接把相关成分或铁碳合金的组织结构呈现在学生面前，使学生直观地看到铁碳合金结晶的状态，不再刻板地讲解和用“素描”方式描述其结晶产物，一方面提高了授课效率，另一方面也加深了学生的记忆。这种授课方式明显活跃了课堂气氛，开阔了学生的视野，提高了学习兴趣。Can also, in rich teaching process, through the organization of classroom

37、 teaching with cases 4, such as in the teaching of the iron carbon alloy phase diagram and analysis of the organization, you can move the classroom theoretical teaching to the lab, in the laboratory using 4 xce metallographic microscope, CCD directly to the related components or iron carbon alloy st

38、ructure appear in front of students, make students intuitively see iron carbon alloy crystallization state, no longer rigid to explain and describe the crystallization product drawings way, on the one hand, improve the teaching efficiency, on the other hand also deepens the students memory. This kind of teaching methods obviously active classroom atmosphere, broadens the students field of vision, improve the interest in learning.