雅思环境环保话题词汇.doc

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1、环保1. 提高燃油价格与环境问题的关系词汇必备：contaminative 污染的 environmentalism 环境保护论，环境论 garbage 垃圾，废弃物 gasoline 汽油petrol 汽油 pollution 污染；玷污 poisonous 有毒的 a nations macro economy 国家宏观经济 air quality improvement 改善空气质量arouse/raise peoples environmentalconsciousness提高人们的环保意识biodegradable materials 生物降解材料 exhaust emission

2、排放尾气 car exhaust/emission 汽车尾气carbon dioxide 二氧化碳 combat air pollution 与空气污染作斗争conserve energy 保护能源 domestic pollution 国内污染Endangered eco-system 被破坏的生态系统 emission control 尾气排放控制energy crisis 能源危机 energy efficiency 节能environmental concern 对环境的关注度 environmental degradation/deterioration 环境恶化environmen

3、tal issues 环境问题 environmental-friendly products 环保产品environmentalist organizations 环保组织 global warming 全球变暖green consumers 环保消费者 greenhouse effect 温室效应greenhouse gas 温室气体 impose taxes on gasoline 提高汽油税industrial pollution 工业污染 natural gas 天然气non-renewable resources 不可再生资源 policy makers 决策者，制定政策者poll

4、utant/contaminant 污染物 pollute/contaminate 污染pose threat to the environment 威胁环境sustainable development 可持续性发展release/discharge pollutants into theenvironment 向环境排放污染物 toxic chemical substances 有害的化学物质 hail/cheer high gas prices 欢迎燃油加价动物实验 animal experiments被绳之以法 be brought to justice动物权益保护主义者 animal

5、 rights activists医学研究 medical research残忍的 cruel/merciless/inhuman/callous/brutal(adjs)活体揭破 vivisection麻醉 anaesthetic(BrE,n)减轻动物的痛苦 alleviate/ease(vts) animals pain宠物是主人的伙伴 pets are conpanions of their masters给主人心理安慰 afford their masters consolation and comfort(n)偷猎 poach(vi,vt)/poaching(n)某一种事物是没有替代

6、物的 there are no replacements/substitutes/alternatives(单数去s) for sth认为动物和人类相同的感官的观点(n) anthropomorphism濒危动物 endangered species真题：The best way to solve the worlds environmental problems is to increase the cost of fuel. To what extent do you agree or disagree?开头段：提供背景知识环境问题已日渐成为全球各政府和公民共同关注的焦点。从北京到纽约，从

7、东京到伦敦，解决这一老问题的新办法在不断的以更快的速度（with an ever increasing speed）被提出（propose）、实验、实行（implement）。今天，越来越多的人充分相信提高燃油价格将是解决这一问题的最好办法。就我个人观点而言，这种方法离理想还差得远。对比两种观点大家公认为交通和环境问题正在不断激烈（in severity）增长。很多人相信解决这一问题的最好政策就是提高汽油价格。然而另一些人，坚持认为通过提高油价解决（combat）这一问题是不明智的。在我看来，两种观点似乎都合理（reasonable）。在我的论文中，我将详细说明（expound）我的观点。不同

8、意：一个最明显的原因是：大量的企业（enterprise）和个体非常依赖汽油，他们会很少或者根本不注意汽油的价格，因为他们要创造财富，尤其，当企业给他们带来的收入和利润同油价一样也在增长的时候，甚至有的时候长得比油价更快。另外，即使增加油价在一定程度上对于限制汽油使用上有效，事实上，汽油的消费，在造成现在环境问题方面，顶多只有一半责任。剩下的很大一部分因素是由于人口在增长，以大量物种正在灭绝，地球上的空气和水日益被污染这一事实。让步：我承认增加燃油价格在一定程度上能够解决问题。这是因为，油价变高了，用油的人可能变少了，汽车使用数量也可能下降。然而，要解决交通问题， 不仅油价需要提高，还要采取一

9、些其他的措施，比如说改善（ameliorate）公共交通可能要纳入考虑的范畴。（take into consideration）。结尾段：虽然提高油价对于保护环境有一定的帮助，但是，要完全解决环境问题必须采取一些其他的有效措施。二我们如何看待“垃圾社会”问题真题： Many people believe that we have developed into a “throw-away society” because we are filling up the environment with so many plastic bags and rubbish that we cannot p

10、roperly dispose of. To what extent do you agree with this opinion and what measures can you recommend reducing this problem?开头段：套句法： 在今天的社会，存在这一种广泛传播的趋势：一大批国家正走向一个所谓的垃圾社会，也就是被各种各样我们无法有效处理的垃圾覆盖。 这种趋势不仅在发达的工业国家可以找到，在发展中国家，甚至更穷的国家也有。现象法： 认为我们已经真正变成了一个被各种各样的没有恰当处理的垃圾填充的“垃圾社会”。原因：有很多原因导致这一状况。 最显著的是人们缺乏保护

11、环境的意识（consciousness），他们在使用各种产品如塑料袋前、在导致无数垃圾之前从来没有三思而后行。另外一个原因是人口增长导致人们对物质需求的加大，这必定会导致垃圾增多。措施：另外，在环保问题上有些好消息。例如，官方（authorities）已经开始朝可持续发展环境的方向努力。有些法律正在被介绍给政府，来惩治那些破坏自然环境的个人和集体。显然要处理这一问题并不简单，因为垃圾不可能自动、直接消失（vanish）， 尤其是我们有意（intentionally）无意地（accidentally）在增加垃圾。 不过历史证明人类展示了一种战胜任何困难和挑战的能力，比如说瘟疫（plague）、饥

12、饿等。科学家，正在努力发明和创新（innovate），他们带来了新的、某一天可以取代不能降解的（non-biodegraded）塑料。 另外，一些新的机器也已经发明，可以很大程度上改变这一现状（on a large scale）。结尾段：由于人们对消费品需求的增长和对环境问题的慢反应，垃圾处理的问题显然是存在的。要解决这个问题，需要政府采取行动，同时科技也要取得进步。阅读材料：Water resources around the world are falling dificient. Analyse the possible reasons and provide your suggesti

13、ons.Access to water is vital to every living creature on the planet. Despite the fact that approximately two thirds of the earth surface is covered with all forms of water bodies, countries worldwide are faced with different levels of water shortages. Some reasons can be cited to explain the emergen

14、ce of this problem.A trigger for a water crisis is peoples lack of knowledge of the value of water. Given the ready availability of water in many countries, people tend to believe that the reserve of water in the world is infinite. Notwithstanding the increased expenditure on water supply, water is

15、perceived as a cheap commodity by many families. Many people see water as a perpetual resource. For this reason, the uncontrolled use of water is commonplace, accelerating the exhaustion of this valuable resource.Rapid population growth is another force contributing to the water crisis. Not only doe

16、s it reduce the amount of water available for manufacture, farming and households, but also has a profound effect on the sustainability of water-related ecosystems. Many water resources are not refilled before being re-used and depleted.Human-induced pollution is worthy of concern as well, a factor

17、regarded by many as the root cause of the rapid loss of drinkable water. The untreated discharge of various pollutants such as heavy metals, oils and solids in water bodies is believed to have severe impacts. Industrialization, meanwhile, results in abnormal climate and biological destruction. While

18、 some areas have become dry, other areas are hit by floods. As noted above, the steady loss of water attributes to inappropriate usage, population growth and pollution. In order to tackle with the above-mentioned problems, one can adapt various approaches, besides the existing strategies, such as re

19、storation of ecosystems. New technologies can help ease water shortages, by tackling pollution and making used water recyclable. In agriculture, water use can be made far more efficient by introducing new farming techniques. Drought-resistant plants can help cut the amount of water needed.作业：Some pe

20、ople believe that air travel should be restricted because it causes serious pollution and will use up the worlds resources. Do you agree or disagree? Traffic 常见题目1. Nowadays, traffic jam becomes a major problem in many countries all over the world. What are the causes and how can it be solved?2. In

21、many countries, traffic is increasing at an alarming rate. What problems it may cause? Give your advices about how to solve the problem.3. Air travel has become a cheaper form of transport. Some people think it is a positive development but others think it is not. Discuss.4. Many people using their

22、cars for everyday use causes a lot of problems. What are the problems and how can we solve them? Should people be discouraged to use cars?核心词汇短语 1. automobile industry 汽车工业2pillar industry 支柱产业3. boost/stimulate the economic development 促进经济发展4. levy/impose the tax 征税5. modernization 现代化6. be viewed

23、 as 被视为是7. be concerned about 对担忧/关注8. pollution-free fuel 无污染燃料9. environmentally-friendly fuel10. luxury奢侈品11. chronic poisoning 慢性中毒12. popularization of cars 汽车普及13. Popularity: n. 普遍，流行14. lay more emphasis on 把重心放在15. obey traffic regulations 遵守交通规则16. break/violate traffic regulations 违反交通规则1

24、7. violator违规者18. get stuck in traffic 遇上堵车19. rush hour 上下班高峰时间20. ease the traffic pressure 缓解交通压力21. pedestrian行人22. pavement/sidewalk人行道23. zebra crossing 斑马线24. over speed/excessive speed 超速行驶25. speed limits 限速26. drinking driving 酒后驾驶27. settle down effective laws 制定出积极有效的法律28. impose restric

25、tions on 对实施限制29. short-sighted 目光短浅的30. long-term development plan31. Short-term profit32. non-renewable resources 不可再生资源33. carbon dioxide二氧化碳34. make full use of /make the best use of 充分利用35. enhance the quality of life 提高生活质量36. pay a heavy price 付出惨痛的代价37. promote the development of relative in

26、dustries 促进相关产业发展38. traffic engineering 交通运输工程39. the number of car ownership 汽车拥有量40. call for 需要41. overcrowded 过度拥挤的42. traffic/road accidents 交通事故43. conflict with 与相冲突44. be replaced by 被所取代注：take the place of取代的地位；take place 发生45. provide convenience for 为提供便利46. dilemma进退两难47. energy-saving

27、节能的48. clean resources 清洁能源49. status symbol 身份象征50. promote related industries促进相关产业发展51. accelerate加速52. means of transportation交通方式53. environmentally-friendly resources环保的能源54. make peoples life easier使人们生活更方便55. alternative fuel可替代燃料56. sustainable development可持续性发展57. substitute取代58. make prog

28、ress取得进步59. give a great push to the economic growth极大地推动了经济发展60. see dramatic breakthroughs取得突破性进展61. aggravate使恶化62. optimize优化63. cure-all solution万能良药写作素材Popularization of carsAdvantages: Many people are very attached to their cars. They say that having a car is an essential part of their lives.

29、Cars bring us speed, comfort and greater mobility:Cars offer flexibility and mobility to peoples life and work.Cars enable rapid and timely distribution/delivery of goods. Cars offer people ready access to a variety of services and leisure options.Economic and social benefits:The car industry is the

30、 largest industry in the world economy. In most parts of the world the motor car is seen as a sign of progress and development.Different makes of cars with different colors run on the roads, creating beautiful scenery.The car industry in China is developing rapidly, creating millions of job opportun

31、ities and boosting Chinese economy.Disadvantages: Pollution: The widespread use of cars has real environmental and economic costs.Vehicles are major sources of urban air pollution and greenhouse gases emissions.Road traffic is the source of one third of all harmful air pollution in the world. Car ex

32、hausts contain nitrogen oxide, which contributes to acid rain, carbon dioxide, which contributes to global warming, and lead, which damages human brain and kidney.It consumes many recourses of the world, such as steel, aluminum, copper, lead and natural rubber. Car engines use only 10 to 20% of ener

33、gy in the fuel. The rest is lost as noise, heat and pollution.Traffic JamAs more and more people drive to work rather than walk, cycle or take public transport to work, there are heavy traffic jams almost every day at rush hours.Road building withdraws large areas of land from agricultural use.Motor

34、ways and the associated interchanges, exits and entry ramps cover thousand of acres of prime food-producing land.In places where roads are built, the topsoil is pushed aside, the vegetation is stripped away and animal habitats are destroyed.In cities close to one third of all land goes to accommodat

35、e the car, parking lots, expressways, roundabouts, bridges, petrol stations and garages. Parking lots devour huge stretches of land and are empty 80 per cent of the time. Conclusions and recommendationsRestrict the use of cars, improved public transport and created better facilities for pedestrians

36、and cyclists.Now car manufacturers are trying to make more environmentally friendly cars, which use fuel more efficiently and cause less pollution.In the future cars may run on solar power, alcohol from plants or fuel cells using methanol or hydrogen. They will be much lighter with advanced electron

37、ics.例文分析Theunlimiteduseofcarsmaycausemanyproblems.Whatarethoseproblems?Inordertoreducetheproblems,shouldwediscouragepeopletousecars? Thefastincreaseinthenumberofcarshavebroughtalongmanyrelatedproblemswhicharewellworthourgreatestattention.Firstofall,urbantrafficisgettingfrombadtoworse.Idliketocitemyo

38、wnexperienceasanexample.Fiveyearsago,ittookmeabout30minutestodrivefromhometooffice.Oneyearlater,Ineededtospendabout40minutesontheway.Thentwoyearslater,Ihadtostartoutfromhomeatleast1hourearlierinordertogettomyofficeongoodtimeforwork.Andthen,sincelastyear,ithasjustbeentoonormalformetospendaboutoneandh

39、alfhourstomakeit.Thetrafficjustmoveslikeaworm!Second,withtheevergrowingnumberofcars,airqualityinurbanareasisdeterioratingwitheachpassingday.Weusedtoseeclearblueskyandbreathefreshair,butnowthiswouldbearealluxury.Carexhausthasseriouslypollutedtheairandpeopleshealthisgreatlyendangered.Itseemscertaintha

40、twehumanbeingshavealreadymadeafatalmistakethatcouldonlyberemediedbybringingdownthenumberofcarshugely. Sure,wecannotdenythefactthatcarshavebroughtusspeed,comfortandgreatermobility.However,thesehavealreadybeenhistory.Wearesufferingmuchmorefromcarsthanbenefitingfromthem.Ourhealthconditionsaregoingdownr

41、apidlybothduetothepollutedairthatwehavetobreatheeverysecondandourlackofexerciseasaresultoftheeverincreasingamountoftimewehavetospendbehindthewheel! Whatcanwedo?Fromtheforegoingdiscussion,Imsurewehavealreadyfoundasolution:todiscouragepeopletousecars!Iknowverywellthatscienceandtechnologyarealsodevelopingveryfastandtheremightbebettersolutionscomingupinthefuture,but,beforethat,letsfirstsalvageourselvesinsuchapassiveway!