定语从句讲解PPT最全优秀PPT.ppt
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1、 定语从句高考考点例析定语从句高考考点例析The best way you can get Complexsentence复合句:复合句:由由连词连词连接两个或多个连接两个或多个主谓结构主谓结构的句子,其中一个主谓结构是句子的句子,其中一个主谓结构是句子的的主要部分(主句)主要部分(主句),另一个或一个以上的主谓结构只在句子中作,另一个或一个以上的主谓结构只在句子中作某个成分某个成分(如主语、宾语、表语、(如主语、宾语、表语、定语定语、状语、同位语)。、状语、同位语)。复合句复合句 =主句主句+定语从句定语从句一个主谓结构是句子一个主谓结构是句子的的主要部分(主句)主要部分(主句)另一个或一个
2、以上的主谓结构另一个或一个以上的主谓结构只在句子中作只在句子中作某个成分(定语)某个成分(定语)Thestudents(whodonotstudyhard)willnotpasstheexam.主句主语主句主语从句主语从句主语从句谓语结构从句谓语结构主句谓语结构主句谓语结构在句子中作在句子中作定语定语,修饰,修饰名词名词或或代词代词的从句。这种从句由的从句。这种从句由关系代词关系代词或或关系副词关系副词引导,并作句子成分。引导,并作句子成分。定语从句还叫做定语从句还叫做嵌入句嵌入句,因形容词定语,所以又称之为因形容词定语,所以又称之为形容词性从句形容词性从句。Attributiveclause
3、:定语从句的位置:通常在先行词(在主句中)后。定语从句的位置:通常在先行词(在主句中)后。语法讲解语法讲解 定语从句定语从句(the attributive clause)被定语从句限定的词是被定语从句限定的词是_,引导定语从,引导定语从句的词叫做句的词叫做 _ 或或 _。关系代词和关系副词有三大作用,即连接关系代词和关系副词有三大作用,即连接(连接定语从句和主句)、替代(替代前面的(连接定语从句和主句)、替代(替代前面的 先行词)、成分(在定语从句中要充当确定的先行词)、成分(在定语从句中要充当确定的句子成分)。句子成分)。在复合句中,充当在复合句中,充当_ 用的从句是定语从句用的从句是定语
4、从句“先行词先行词”“关系代词关系代词”“关系副词关系副词”形容词形容词Theboy whoisreadingisTom.先行词先行词关系代词关系代词Hospitalisaplacewhereadoctorworks.先行词先行词关系副词关系副词先行词和关系词的关系先行词和关系词的关系1.Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.2.TheboywhobrokethewindowiscalledTom.3.Theboywhoseparentsaredeadwasbroughtupbyhisgrandfather.4.TheschoolwhereIstudyisfarfrommyho
5、me.the machine=thatthe boy=whothe boys=whosein the school=where关系代词事实上是先行词的复指关系代词事实上是先行词的复指关系词关系词whose事实上是先行词的全部格事实上是先行词的全部格关系副词事实上是介词先行词关系副词事实上是介词先行词Jointhefollowingsentences:A plane is a machine.The machine can fly.A plane is can fly.关系代词的实质关系代词的实质the machinea machinethat/whichRevision1 relative p
6、ronoun 关系关系代词代词指代指代在定语从句中所充当的在定语从句中所充当的成分成分人人物物句子句子主语主语宾语宾语定语定语whowhomwhichthatwhoserelative adverb关系副词关系副词指代指代所充当的句子成分所充当的句子成分whenwherewhytimeplacereason时间状语时间状语地点状语地点状语缘由状语缘由状语一一.关系代词的基本用法和留意点关系代词的基本用法和留意点1.关系代词的基本用法关系代词的基本用法三.1.关系代词的基本用法关系代关系代词词 指代的先指代的先行行词词充当从句的成分充当从句的成分who人人主主语语、宾语宾语whom人人宾语宾语w
7、hich物物主主语语、宾语宾语that人或物人或物主主语语、宾语宾语、表、表语语whose人或物人或物定定语语who指人指人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时,可省略。语时,可省略。Theman(who)Italkedwithisourteacher.Aperson whostealsthingsiscalledathief.whom指人指人,在定语从句中作宾语,可省略在定语从句中作宾语,可省略。Theman(whom)InoddedtoisMr.Li.who,whomwhich指物,在定语从句中作主语或宾指物,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时,可省略。语。作
8、宾语时,可省略。Thesearethetreeswhichwereplantedlastyear.Thisrecorder(which)heisusingismadeinJapan.whichHeistheman(that)Itoldyouabout.that指人或物,在定语从句中作主语或宾指人或物,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时,可省略。语。作宾语时,可省略。Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.thatwhose指人或物指人或物,在定语从句中作定语在定语从句中作定语。不行省略。不行省略。Weliveinahousewhosewindowsfacesouth.Thisis
9、thelittlegirlwhoseparentswerekilledinthegreatearthquake.whose2.关系代词的用法留意点关系代词的用法留意点that和和which的选择的选择 (1)that (1)that指物时一般可以与指物时一般可以与whichwhich互换,但在下列状况互换,但在下列状况引导词只用引导词只用thatthat,不用,不用whichwhich。当先行词为当先行词为all,much,little,few,none,something,anything,everything,nothing等不定代词时,如:等不定代词时,如:a.Allthatcanbed
10、onehasbeendone.b.Iamsureshehassomething(that)youcanborrow.c.Thereislittle(that)theenemycandobesidessurrender.先行词被先行词被all,every,no,some,any,little,much修饰时修饰时:Ivereadallthebooks(that)yougaveme.thatthatthatthat和和和和whichwhichwhichwhich的选择的选择的选择的选择先行词是先行词是序数词序数词或或形容词最高级形容词最高级修饰时。修饰时。Thisisthebestbook(tha
11、t)Iveeverread.Thisisthefirstcomposition(that)hehaswritteninEnglish.先行词被先行词被the only,the very,the last the only,the very,the last 修饰时。修饰时。Thatwhitefloweristheonlyone(that)Ireallylike.Thisistheverybook(that)Iwanttofind.当有两个或两个以上分别表示当有两个或两个以上分别表示人和物人和物的先行词时,这个定的先行词时,这个定语从句要用语从句要用thatthat而不用而不用who(whom)
12、who(whom)和和whichwhich引导。如:引导。如:Hetalkedabouttheteachersandschools(that)hehadvisited.先行词是疑问词先行词是疑问词who,which,what时,定语从句用时,定语从句用that而不用而不用who,(whom)和和which引导。引导。that that that that和和和和whichwhichwhichwhich的选择的选择的选择的选择Whoisthepersonthatisstandingatthegate?Whichofusthatknowssomethingaboutphysicsdoesnotkn
13、owthis?Whatthatisonthetablebelongstome?当关系代词在从句中作表语时:当关系代词在从句中作表语时:Maryisnolongerthegirl(that)sheusedtobe.Chinaisnolongerthecountrythatitusedtobe.WhichWhich可以引导可以引导非限定性定语从句非限定性定语从句,可用于,可用于介词介词后,其后,其先行词可是一个词先行词可是一个词,也可是整个也可是整个主句或主句的某一部分主句或主句的某一部分。1Sheheardaterriblenoise,_broughtherheartintohermouth.A
14、.itB.whichC.thisD.that2.Theweatherturnedouttobegood,_wasmorethanwecouldexpect.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.it that that that that和和和和whichwhichwhichwhich的选择的选择的选择的选择(2 2 2 2)只用)只用)只用)只用whichwhichwhichwhich的状况的状况的状况的状况 B B(3)whose引导的定语从句留意点引导的定语从句留意点whose引导定语从句,其后应紧跟名词,构成名引导定语从句,其后应紧跟名词,构成名词短语。词短语。whose与它所修饰
15、的名词一起可以作介词的宾语。与它所修饰的名词一起可以作介词的宾语。如:如:The boss in whose department he worked had heard the news.他工作所在部门的老板已经听说了他工作所在部门的老板已经听说了这个消息。这个消息。(3)whose引导的定语从句留意点whose的先行词指物时,可用的先行词指物时,可用of which代替,但语代替,但语序不同,即序不同,即whose+名词名词=the+名词名词+of which,或,或=of which+the+名词。如:名词。如:The novel whose title(=the title of wh
16、ich或或of which the title)is Red and Black is very interesting.whose引导的定语从句,其先行词既可以指人引导的定语从句,其先行词既可以指人也可以指物。也可以指物。whose的先行词指人时,可用的先行词指人时,可用of whom代替,代替,但语序不同,即但语序不同,即whose+名词名词=the+名词名词+of whom,或,或=of whom+the+名词。如:名词。如:The boy whose mother(=the mother of whom或或of whom the mother)is a doctor is my fri
17、end.二二.关系副词关系副词when,where和和why的用法的用法五.关系副词的基本用法关系副关系副词词指代的先行指代的先行词词充当从句的成分充当从句的成分when表表时间时间的名的名词词/名名词词组词词组时间时间状状语语where表地点的名表地点的名词词/名名词词组词词组地点状地点状语语why表原因的名表原因的名词词原因状原因状语语用关系副词用关系副词when时,先行词指时间,时,先行词指时间,when在定在定语从句中作时间状语,语从句中作时间状语,when可换成可换成“介词介词+关系关系代词代词”。如:。如:I still remember the day when(=on whic
18、h)I first came to Nanjing.My father was born in the year when(=in which)World War broke out.1.when1.when用关系副词用关系副词where时,先行词指地点,时,先行词指地点,where在定在定语从句中作地点状语,语从句中作地点状语,where可换成可换成“介词介词+关系关系代词代词”。如:。如:This is the farm where(=on which)we worked when we were young.The school where(=in which)his mother te
19、aches is in the west of the city.2.where2.where用关系副词用关系副词why时,先行词指缘由,时,先行词指缘由,why在定语在定语从句中作缘由状语,从句中作缘由状语,why可换成可换成“介词介词+关系代关系代词词”。如:。如:There are several reasons why(=for which)the boys should be punished.Tom couldnt give the teacher the reason why(=for which)he was late for school.3.why3.why4.关系副词的用
20、法留意点关系副词的用法留意点(1)当先行词为当先行词为time,表示,表示“次数次数”时,应用关时,应用关系词系词that 或省略。如:或省略。如:This is the first time(that)the president has visited the country.(2)当当point,situation,position,case,stage等词等词作先行词表示作先行词表示“状况,境地,场合状况,境地,场合”等意思时,其等意思时,其后常由后常由where引导定语从句,引导定语从句,where在句中作状在句中作状语。如:语。如:Can you think of a situati
21、on where this phrase can be used?4.关系副词的用法留意点巩固练习:用适当的关系词填空巩固练习:用适当的关系词填空 1)October 1,1949 was the day_ (_ _)China was founded.2)Beijing is the place _ (_ _)I came.3)Is this the reason _(_ _)he didnt want to see me?whenon whichwherefrom whichwhyfor which巩固练习:用适当的关系词填空 4)Is this the room _(_ _)we wer
22、e living last winter?5)The days are gone _ (_ _)we used“foreign oil”.6)Yesterday,we had a meeting _ (_ _)we discussed many problems.wherein whichwhenduring whichat whichwhere对比练习:用适当的关系词填空对比练习:用适当的关系词填空1.Theroom_heoncelivedisstillthere.Theroom_Ihavetocleaneverydaybelongstomymother.where/in which(tha
23、t/which)对比练习:用适当的关系词填空2.Iwillneverforgettheday_Imetyou.Iwillneverforgettheday_wespenttogether.when/on which(that/which)Thereason_Idontknowisknowntohim.(that/which)why/for which3.Thereason_IdontknowthethingisthatIwasnotthereatthattime.考点一考点一:如何判定用如何判定用关系代词关系代词还是用还是用关系副词关系副词1 1、找出定语从句中是否、找出定语从句中是否主语和宾
24、语都齐全主语和宾语都齐全。如齐全。如齐全用关系副词用关系副词。用什么关系副词看先行词。用什么关系副词看先行词。Iwillneverforgetthedays(_Istayedwithyou).when_JurassicParkisaboutapark_(averyrichmankeepsdifferentKindsofdinosaurs)._where1958wastheyear_(Spielbergmadehisfirstrealfilm)._Pleasegivemethereason_(youmadesuchagreatsuccess)._whenwhyMorningisthebestti
25、me_(youpractisereadingaloud)._whenDoyourememberthelake_(youfirstmetyourgirlfriend.)_where2 2、如定语从句中缺宾语,确定定语从句的谓语动词是不是及物、如定语从句中缺宾语,确定定语从句的谓语动词是不是及物 动词,如是,用动词,如是,用关系代词,关系代词,如不是,用如不是,用关系副词。关系副词。考点一考点一:如何判定用如何判定用关系代词关系代词还是用还是用关系副词关系副词Yesterdaywewenttovisitthehouse_(thegreatwriterusedtolive)._wherein whi
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