英语专业四级考试阅读理解习题及答案(共103页).docx

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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上专业英语四级阅读理解辅导：先读文章后看题目有的考生在做阅读理解题的时候，喜欢先看题目后读文章。他们认为这样会节省时间，但是大多数情况下结果与他们的初衷相反。实际上，在做阅读理解题的时候先看题目不会节省时间，反而会浪费时间。这是因为如果你先看题目，在你阅读文章的时候你的脑中就会充斥着这些题目，那么你就不能集中注意力。你就会集中注意力寻找这些题目的答案，从而影响对文章整体的理解。因此在做阅读理解时要先读文章，后看题目。以下是一些具体的方法：1.在阅读文章时不要担心时间不够，否则就不能全神贯注于文章内容。在阅读文章开头几句时，你要联想一下文章的大意：文章是关于什么内容、写的

2、谁、谈论什么事物等。2.当你继续阅读文章时，要努力识别出文章的文体，即是科普文章、文学作品，还是新闻报道或是别的;同时要识别出作者的写作手法，文章是写给谁看的，作者是带着一种什么样的感情写这篇文章的。3.在读完文章一遍后，你会对文章的主题和文章的结构有了一定的印象，但是为了准确起见，在你回答问题的时候一定要回过头来再看一遍该文，以确认你的答案。不要根据自己第一遍阅读时的印象答题，也不要根据自己所掌握的文章以外的知识答题。4.在阅读题目的时候，要注意一些关键字眼，比如EXCEPT, CANNOT, NOT, INCORRECT 等出题者为了引起考生特别注意的大写词英语专业四级阅读理解面面观一、专

3、四阅读理解十大话题社会话题:如商场偷窃(2004),体育商业化(2002)教育话题:如儿童择校(2001),大学教育(1997),教学方法(1997),科技话题:如轻型飞机(1993), 昆虫思维(1994),人物传记;某小说家(1992),个人历史(1996),姓氏溯源(2000)历史研究:北爱尔兰问题(1992),法国变化(1993)妇女话题:夫妻关系(2001),家电与妇女(2002)种族话题:民族矛盾(1998)自然话题:雪崩(1996),海啸(1997),潮汐(1992)健康话题:饮酒与心脏病(1995),经济话题:如瑞士银行(2000),中国经济特区(2004)二、阅读理解五种材料

4、说明文、记叙文、议论文、描写文、应用文 (尤其是新闻报道)三、题型分析及应对策略1主旨类(1)What is the main idea (subject) of this passage ?(2)What does this passage mainly (primarily)concerned ?(3)The main theme of this passage is _.(4)The main point of the passage is_.(5)Which of the following is the best title for the passage ?(6)The title

5、 that best expresses thetheme of the passage is _. (7)On which of the following subject would the passage most likely be found in a textbook ?(8)The purpose of the writer in writing this passage _.(9)Which of the following best describes the passage as a whole ?应对策略：跳读（skimming）文章的开头、结尾及段落的首句和尾句。主旨应

6、该是宏观的，但有不能失之空泛。2态度类(1)Whats the writers attitude to ?(2)Whats the tone of the passage?(3)The authors view is _(4)The writers attitude of .this passage is apparently _-(5)The author suggests that _(6)According to author _应对策略：有的文章观点明确，基调清楚，这时跳读（skimming）文章的开头、结尾及段落的首句和尾句。而另一些则需要阅读时对某些细节仔细琢磨。尤其应注意有些表明

7、作者观点词汇，如形容词、副词等。 3细节类(1)Which of the following is NOT true according to the information in the passage?(2) Which of the following is mentioned in the passage?(3) What is the example of . . . as described in the passage?(4) The author mentions all of the following except . . .(5) The reason for . . .

8、is . . .(6) The author states that . . .(7) According to the passage, when (where, why, how, who, etc. ) .应对策略：寻读（scanning）出现关键词的相应段落，四个答案中相同的词即为关键词。仔细对比答案与文中相应细节。4推理类(1)The writer implies but not directly states that_-.(2) It can be inferred from the passage that_.(3) The author strongly suggests t

9、hat_ .(4) It can be concluded from the passage that_.(5) The passage is intended to_ .(6)The writer indicates that_ .应对策略：推理类题，可能是针对文章整体也可能是针对某个细节。如果是前者，跳读（skimming）文章的开头、结尾及段落的首句和尾句。即可得出答案。如果是后者，寻读（scanning）相应段落并仔细研读相应细节。4词汇类(1)According to the author ,the word means_.(2)Which of the following is n

10、earest in meaning to ?(3)The term .in paragraph can be best replaced by .(4)Whats the meaning of in line of paragraph.?(5)As used in the line , the word refers to _. 应对策略：寻读（scanning）定位相关词的出处。根据上下文与词的构造来猜测。最好将四个选项带回文中，看看哪一个最合适。即使不是生词，也应当作生词来猜。5指代类(1)What does “it” refers to in Line 2, Paragraph 5?(2

11、)What does “they” stand for in Line 3, Paragraph 2?(3) What does “their” stand for in Line 3, Paragraph 2?(4) What does “its” refer to in Line 3, Paragraph 2?应对策略：寻读（scanning），定位相关代词的出处，离它最近且单复数一致的名词即是。注意英语中“they”既可指代人也可指代物。 克服不良阅读习惯，提高英语阅读理解能力克服不良阅读习惯，提高英语阅读理解能力：通过有效分辨意群、增强语感、加强速度训练等有效策略，既可以克服、纠正上述

12、影响阅读效率的不良习惯，同时又可以提高阅读速度，加强阅读理解，愉悦阅读过程。英语阅读理解能力是学习者学习和运用英语需要掌握的一项基本技能，是否很好地掌握这一技能直接影响用英语进行交流和获取信息。事实证明，培养良好的阅读习惯是提高阅读能力的一个有效手段。很多学生之所以阅读速度跟不上，是因为没有养成正确的阅读习惯。 多年的教学实践发现学生中常见的不良阅读习惯有：(1)指读。即为了集中注意力，用手指、笔尖或用尺子指着文章逐字阅读。(2)回读。读文章时，遇到生词、不熟悉的短语或者对读过的部分不放心、惟恐遗漏要点内容时，返回到旬首甚至段首重读；如果遇到长句，常常反复多次。(3)译读。在阅读中不断地进行词

13、、短语乃至句子的翻译，通过译成母语来达到理解。(4)多余、不自觉的习惯性动作，如左右摆头、发声阅读和潜意识里的默读。(5)慢读、细读，所有的阅读材料都以习惯性的、同样的慢速度来阅读 有了这些不良习惯，要以较决的速度从大量材料中捕捉有关信息，的确是十分困难的。其后果表现为，无法以阅渎的自然方式一以恿群为单位阅读，导致注意力不能集中到整篇文章的内容上；迟滞理解力集中，使信息的扩展，逻辑推理和理解材料内容受到影响；同时也挫伤了阅读兴趣，从而产生焦虑畏难等消极情感，增强了学习者对语言输人的过滤作用，妨碍读者对语言信息的顺畅接受。因此，培养学生养成良好的阅读习惯十分必要。 一、纠正不良习惯的教学对策 调

14、查显示，回读的原因一般有：(1)没读懂或者一知半解。(2)生词较多，即使猜测词义也需要思考的时间，且往往还对自己所猜的词义举棋不定。(3)注意力不集中，无法统摄句、段、文的要旨和主题对此问题可采取的策略是：首先，对已养成回读习惯的学生，指导他们可用手掌或索引卡作为控制行步进的工具。把手放在卡片上，在读的过程中，让卡片从上向下移动，遮住刚读过的一行。迫使自己专注地阅读不走神，做到身心并用，更好地理解文章。其次，对阅读材料的难易度作出正确判断，并给予有效的控制。伯林从对注意力的研究中得出结论：只有当刺激物既不简单又不太复杂时，人们才能保持最长久的注意力。这就告诉我们，保持最长久的注意力，刺激物的强

15、弱必须适度。所以，最好先选择浅易的材料读。这样可以把注恿力集中在阅读当中的视线移动，不受内容理解的描绊。再次，帮助学生培养积极的态度，保持自信。默念：“我能够读得更快更好。. (我可以提高阅读速度并理解得更准确。. 【我是一个优秀的读者。”鼓励他们调动已有的知识和经验，敢于一口气越过障碍读完，保持阅读的连贯性和整体性 最后，逐步养成纵式阅读习惯。让学生视线专注于阅i卖材料的每行中央，纵向移动。同时余光扫描左右两边的文字，要求学生按愚群向前跳读。在每个意群中，把重点放在实词上，如名词、形容词、副词、数词等(不必过多注意虚词，如冠词、介词等)。抓住文章的主要意思和主体框架，忽视细节和不相干的内容。

16、 学生误认为指读能促使他们专注于文中的每个单词，能帮助理解和记忆。其实，专注于每个单独的单词，只能给他们的理解制造难题。向大脑传送的是“弱信号”看上去是一大堆互不相关的信息以至于大脑无法集中于阅读上，心不在焉或者感觉厌倦。对此，有必要让学生明白两点：(1)如同交谈时人们不会说话吞吞吐吐，在每个单词之后都停顿反而通常一组词一组词地说一样，阅读应以意群为单位，集中注意思想内容而不是单词。(2)阅读是思维同语言之间相互反应的积极过程。阅读是眼和脑的体操，眼睛和大脑协同工作时才能进行阅读。要具有高的阅读水平，则需“眼明脑快”，对外来视觉信号迅速加工和处理。因此，有效的对策是：不断进行速读训练，增强语感

17、。指导学生利用报刊上的文章练习扩展眼睛的视程，拓宽注视范围。眼睛要抓住成串的文字，搜索有具体含义的慝群，一个意群一个意群的扫描、连贯阅读，保持流畅的、合逻辑的思维不被割断，捕捉表达整篇文章重要文恿的关键词语，在最短的时间内获取所需的信息 很多学生一眼能看五、六个词的意群或句子。可见，平时训l练要强化这种薏 群组合能力，直到意群阅读成为一个自觉的过程，有效克服指读的习惯。针对慢读、细读的不良习惯，通过课堂教学，让学生掌握基本阅读技巧：预测、略读、寻读，明白阅读时不仅有一种方法，阅读速度的提高不会影响理解效果。并根据阅读目的和读物材料的难易这两个因素来调整自己的阅读速度，采用不同的阅读方法，懂得灵

18、活运用阅读技巧进行高效阅读。有学生认为译读可以保证他们理解文章的全部意思并记住每个单词。实际上，这种咬文嚼字、偏重语法分析的做法，使得阅读进程非常缓慢，阻碍了对内容的深化理解，而且常感到疑惑并失去阅读的乐趣。阅读是一个理解的过程，而不是一字一句的翻译过程。译读只能理解字面意思，并不能充分理解作者真实的意图。Goodman说：“阅读是一个寻求意义、预测、证实和排除预测的过程。”从阅读理解既是文字的解码过程也是意义假设的过程这一观点出发，除了提高学生的解码技能，迅速感知文字符号所产生的视觉信息在大脑里直接产生意义以外，丰富学生的非视觉信息，加强速读训练从语篇的角度来把握文章的理解，丢掉每次都试图1

19、00获知信息的幻想，排除母语干扰引起的负迁移，摆脱抠语法、纠缠个别细节的做法，是纠正译读习惯的良策。弗莱认为，读者看到印刷符号，就直接获得意思，而不经过声音阶段是完全可能的 ，阅读心理学的研究亦表明：高效率的阅读可以跳过由文字到声音这一步来达到理解。可见，发声阅读和准发声阅读阻碍有效阅读。为了克服这两个痼疾：第一，训练学生把注意力集中在关键词、文章的主旨上。第二、引导学生阅读时尽可能作形象化思考，练习把看到的文字在脑海中转化成图像，为自己创造一个内向的视频。尤其在读短篇故事时，像看电影一样想象它展示的情景，充分调动自己把文字形象化的行 力。 另外，针对不必要、不自觉的习惯性动作，要求学生读的时

20、候要少眨眼、不摆头不动嘴唇，只要眼球来回转动就可以了，目光要尽可能少地停驻。每一次停驻时试着尽可能多纳人一些信息。保持坐姿端正，书本放在眼睛正前方，眼睛与书本距离大约一尺为宜。这样才能保证同一适当距离，同一视角范围内尽可能多地摄人文字信息。 二、结语 实践表明：采取有效的策略克服、纠正影响阅读效率的不良习惯，完全可以提高阅读速度，加强对阅读内容的理解，会使阅读过程变得更愉决。总之，通过大量的练习和树立积极的态度，掌握实用的阅读方式技巧，调整阅读速度，阅读时以恿群为单位纳人信息，视线移动时扩展视幅，全身心沉浸在所读的内容中，尽可能让内容形象化，能够避免影响阅i卖效翠的坏习惯，成为优秀的读者。当学

21、生养成良好的阅读习惯以后，会发现阅读是其乐无穷、受益终身的专四阅读理解练习1As many as one thousand years ago in the Southwest, the Hopi and Zuni Indians of North America were building with adobesun baked brick plastered with mud. Their homes looked remarkably like modern apartment houses. Some were four stories high and contained quart

22、ers for perhaps a thousand people, along with store rooms for grain and other goods. These buildings were usually put up against cliffs, both to make construction easier and for defense against enemies. They were really villages in themselves, as later Spanish explorers must have realized since they

23、 called them pueblos, which is Spanish for town. The people of the pueblos raised what are calledthe three sisters - corn, beans, and squash. They made excellent pottery and wove marvelous baskets, some so fine that they could hold water. The Southwest has always been a dry country, where water is s

24、carce. The Hopi and Zuni brought water from streams to their fields and gardens through irrigation ditches. Water was so important that it played a major role in their religion. They developed elaborate ceremonies and religious rituals to bring rain. The way of life of less settled groups was simple

25、r and more strongly influenced by nature. Small tribes such as the Shoshone and Ute wandered the dry and mountainous lands between the Rocky Mountains and the Pacific Ocean. They gathered seeds and hunted small animals such as small rabbits and snakes. In the Far North the ancestors of todays Inuit

26、hunted seals, walruses, and the great whales. They lived right on the frozen seas in shelters called igloos built of blocks of packed snow. When summer came, they fished for salmon and hunted the lordly caribou. The Cheyenne, Pawnee, and Sioux tribes, known as the Plains Indians, lived on the grassl

27、ands between the Rocky Mountains and the Mississippi River. They hunted bison, commonly called the buffalo. Its meat was the chief food of these tribes, and its hide was used to make their clothing and covering of their tents and tipis.1. What does the passage mainly discuss? A. The architecture of

28、early American Indian buildings. B. The movement of American Indians across North America. C. Ceremonies and rituals of American Indians. D. The way of life of American Indian tribes in early North America.2. It can be inferred from the passage that the dwellings of the Hopi and Zuni were_. A. very

29、smallB. highly advancedC. difficult to defendD. quickly constructed 答案：1. D) 根据阅读短文可知，作者主要描述了北美地区不同印第安部落的不同的生活方式 。故选项D为正确答案。2. B) 此题为推断题。根据文章第一段可知，早在一千年前Hopi和Zuni两支北美印第安部落就用一种砖坯“adobe”来建造房屋，高可达四层楼高，有居住室还有储藏室，颇像现代的公寓，故选项B（高度发达）为正确答案。专四阅读理解练习2Human beings have used tools for a very long time. In some

30、parts of the world you can still find tools that people used more than two million years ago. They made these tools by hitting one stone against another. In this way, they broke off pieces from one of the stones. These chips of stone were usually sharp on one side. People used them for cutting meat

31、and skin from dead animals, and also for making other tools out of wood. Human beings needed to use tools because they did not have sharp teeth like other meat eating animals, such as lions and tigers. Tools helped people to get food more easily. Working with tools also helped to develop human intel

32、ligence. The human brain grew bigger, and human beings began to invent more and more tools and machines. The stone chip was one of the first tools that people used, and perhaps it is the most important. Some scientists say that it was the key to success of mankind. 1. The stone chip is thought to be

33、 the most important tool because it _.A. was one of the first toolsB. developed human capabilities C. led to the invention of machinesD. was crucial to the development of mankind 2. At the end of the passage the author seems to suggest that life in future is _.A. disastrous B. unpredictable C. excit

34、ing D. colorful 答案 答案：1. D) 这是一道细节题。根据文章第二段尾句“Some scientists say that it was the key to the success of mankind”可知“stone chip”对于人类的发展起到了非常重要的作用，这与D正好相符。 2. B) 在文章最后一段中作者说人类在过去的几百万年时间里一直使用“stone chip”，人类社会发生的变化很小。而我们使用“silicon chips”才不过几年，生活却发生了巨大的变化。于是作者发出了疑问：“二十年后的生活会是什么样子的呢？”，“ 二百万年后的世界又会是什么样子呢？”，

35、表明将来的生活无法预料，这与选项B相符。 专四阅读理解练习3Glacier National Park in Montana shares boundaries with Canada, an American Indian reservation, and a national forest. Along the North Fork of the Flathead River, the park also borders about 17,000 acres of private lands that are currently used for ranching, timber, and

36、 agriculture. This land is an important part of the habitat and migratory routes for several endangered species that frequent the park. These private lands are essentially the only ones available for development in the region. With encouragement from the park, local landowners initiated a land use p

37、lanning effort to guide the future of the North Fork. The park is a partner in an inter local agreement that calls for resource managing agencies to work together and with the more than 400 private owners in the area. A draft plan has been prepared, with objective of maintaining traditional economic

38、 uses but limiting new development that would damage park resources. Voluntary action by landowners, in cooperation with the park and the county, is helping to restrict small lot subdivisions, maintain wildlife corridors, and minimize any harmful impact on the environment. The willingness of local l

39、andowners to participate in this protection effort may have been stimulated by concerns that congress would impose a legislative solution. Nevertheless, many local residents want to retain the existing character of the area. Meetings between park officials and landowners have led to a dramatically i

40、mproved understanding of all concerns. 1. The passage mainly discusses_. A. the endangered species in Glacier National Park B. the protection of lands surrounding Glacier National Park C. conservation laws imposed by the state of Montana D. conservation laws imposed by Congress 2. Why are the privat

41、e lands surrounding Glacier National Park so important? A. They function as a hunting preserve. B. They are restricted to government use. C. They are heavily populated. D. They contain natural habitats of threatened species. 3. The relationship between park officials and neighboring landowners may b

42、est be described as_. A. indifferent B. intimateC. cooperative D. disappointing 4. It can be inferred from the passage that a major interest of the officials of Glacier National Park is to_. A. limit land development around the park B. establish a new park in Montana C. influence national legislatio

43、n D. settle border disputes with Canada 填空答案 答案：1. B) 这是一道主旨题。通过阅读文章可知，为了保护冰川国家公园的濒危物种和资源，公园当局和地方土地所有者制订了限制土地使用计划，故答案为B。 2. D) 这是一道细节题。根据第一段第三句“This land is an important part of the habitat and migratory routes for several endangered species that frequent the park.”（这片土地是非常重要的，因为这里是几种经常光顾此公园的濒危物种的栖息

44、地和迁徙路线。）可知选项D为正确答案。 3. C) 根据第二段可知，公园当局和地方土地所有者密切合作来保护资源，因此他们的关系是cooperative (合作性的)。 4. A) 这是一道推理题。根据第二段第三句和阅读全文，我们很容易就可以得到这样一个信息：为了保护自然资源和濒危物种，公园管理者限制那些会破坏资源的土地开发。因此选项A为正确答案。专四阅读理解练习4About 5,000 years ago, the Egyptians and other people in the Near East began to use pictures as kind of writing. They

45、 drew simple pictures or signs to represent things and ideas, and also to represent the sounds of their language. The signs these people used became a kind of alphabet.The Egyptians used to record information and to tell stories by putting picture writing and pictures together. When an important per

46、son died, scenes and stories from his life were painted and carved on the walls of the place where he was buried. Some of these pictures are like modern comic strip stories. It has been said that Egypt is the home of the comic strip. But, for the Egyptians, pictures still had magic power. So they di

47、d not try to make their way of writing simple. The ordinary people could not understand it.By the year 1,000 BC, people who lived in the area around the Mediterranean Sea had developed a simpler system of writing. The signs they used were very easy to write, and there were fewer of them than in the Egyptian system. This was because each sign, or letter, represented only one sound in their language. The Greeks developed this system and formed the letters of the Greek alphabet. The Romans copied the idea, and the Roman alphabet is now used all over the wor