儿科病史采集和体格检查.ppt
《儿科病史采集和体格检查.ppt》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《儿科病史采集和体格检查.ppt(153页珍藏版)》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。
1、儿科病史采集和体格儿科病史采集和体格检查检查主要内容主要内容小儿病史特点及问诊技巧小儿病史特点及问诊技巧History-taking:skills and approaches小儿体格检查顺序及技术小儿体格检查顺序及技术PE:sequence and skills小儿体格检查项目及要点小儿体格检查项目及要点PE:major items and key points临床医师临床医师(儿科医师)的主要任务:儿科医师)的主要任务:(Primary Aims are to establish)qq 患儿到底存在什么问题?患儿到底存在什么问题?患儿到底存在什么问题?患儿到底存在什么问题?(诊断)诊断)诊
2、断)诊断)(What is wrong with the child?).What is wrong with the child?).qq 存在的问题对患者有什么影响?存在的问题对患者有什么影响?存在的问题对患者有什么影响?存在的问题对患者有什么影响?(诊断)诊断)诊断)诊断)(How these problems impact on the patients How these problems impact on the patients life,life,medically,psychologically medically,psychologically andand social
3、ly socially,ectect.).)qq 如何解决存在的问题?(治疗)如何解决存在的问题?(治疗)如何解决存在的问题?(治疗)如何解决存在的问题?(治疗)(How to solve the problems?)(How to solve the problems?)为此目的,下一步该作什么?为此目的,下一步该作什么?Then,what should we DO next?首先,必须收集资料或信息首先,必须收集资料或信息 (Firstly,Information Gathering)l 详尽的病史采集详尽的病史采集(Detailed HistoryTaking)l l 仔细的体格检查仔细
4、的体格检查(Meticulous Physical Exam)l l 相关的实验室检查相关的实验室检查(Appropriate Lab Investigations)然后,完成然后,完成“最初的医学记录最初的医学记录”(Formulating an Initial Medical Record)l l 详尽的病史采集和体格检查详尽的病史采集和体格检查详尽的病史采集和体格检查详尽的病史采集和体格检查l l诊疗计划诊疗计划诊疗计划诊疗计划(investigation and treatment plan)(investigation and treatment plan)uu 并非并非并非并非“静
5、止静止静止静止”(”(staticstatic),而为,而为,而为,而为“动态动态动态动态”(”(dynamic)dynamic)的过程,诊疗过程中收集的新信息应随时加入。的过程,诊疗过程中收集的新信息应随时加入。的过程,诊疗过程中收集的新信息应随时加入。的过程,诊疗过程中收集的新信息应随时加入。Problem-Oriented Medical RecordPOMR:Lawrence Weed(1969)l lStandardized and structured approach to Standardized and structured approach to clinical reco
6、rd-keeping.clinical record-keeping.l lInitial database for diagnosis and Initial database for diagnosis and differential diagnosisdifferential diagnosisl lEssential to multidisciplinary team workEssential to multidisciplinary team workl lPrime resource for medical audit and Prime resource for medica
7、l audit and possible medicolegal suitpossible medicolegal suitIn case of judicial examination,your professional credibility relies SOLELY on the medical record,not on your memory or any other things.因此,收集的资料是否充分和准确对因此,收集的资料是否充分和准确对于诊断和治疗极为重要。于诊断和治疗极为重要。The ACCURACY and ADEQUACY of information gather
8、ed is of pivotal importance for the precision of diagnosis and treatment成人病史采集和体格检查成人病史采集和体格检查History-Taking and Physical Examination in AdultsHistory-Taking and Physical Examination in Adults病史采集病史采集病史采集病史采集 (History-taking)(History-taking)l l一般介绍一般介绍一般介绍一般介绍 (Introduction)(Introduction)l l一般资料一般资料
9、一般资料一般资料 (General Data)(General Data)l l主述主述主述主述(Chief Complaint)(Chief Complaint)l l现病史现病史现病史现病史 (History of Present Illness)(History of Present Illness)l l过去史过去史过去史过去史 (Past History)(Past History)l l系统回顾系统回顾系统回顾系统回顾 (Systems Review)(Systems Review)l l个人史个人史个人史个人史 (Personal History)(Personal Histor
10、y)l l婚姻史婚姻史婚姻史婚姻史 (Marital History)(Marital History)l l家族史家族史家族史家族史 (Family History)(Family History)体格检查体格检查(Physical Examination)l l望诊望诊望诊望诊 (Inspection)(Inspection)l l扪诊扪诊扪诊扪诊(Palpation)(Palpation)l l扣诊扣诊扣诊扣诊(Percussion)(Percussion)l l听诊听诊听诊听诊(Auscultation)(Auscultation)成人病史采集和体格检查成人病史采集和体格检查Histo
11、ry-Taking and Physical Examination in AdultsHistory-Taking and Physical Examination in Adults尽管儿科病史采集和体格检查尽管儿科病史采集和体格检查的基本原则与成人相同,但是的基本原则与成人相同,但是方式方式(Manner),顺序顺序(Order)和和重点重点(Emphasis)有所不同。有所不同。Children are NOT just small adults their needs are DIFFERENT and have to be recognized(Prof.James Spence,
12、1943)目的和要求目的和要求 Course Objectivesn n了解病史采集对儿童疾病诊断的重要性。了解病史采集对儿童疾病诊断的重要性。n n 熟悉儿童与成人病史采用的主要差别。熟悉儿童与成人病史采用的主要差别。n n 掌握儿童病史采用和体格检查的要点。掌握儿童病史采用和体格检查的要点。儿科病史采集儿科病史采集History-Taking in Childrenuu很多情况下,可仅通过病史采集明确诊断。很多情况下,可仅通过病史采集明确诊断。uu病史采集不准确和完整是误诊病史采集不准确和完整是误诊(misdiagnosis)和延误诊断和延误诊断(delayed diagnosis)的重要
13、原因。的重要原因。uu如何进行病史采集决定了所收集信息的质如何进行病史采集决定了所收集信息的质和量和量(quality and quantity)。病史采集的重要性病史采集的重要性 The history is the most important part of the patients assessment as it provides 80%of the information required for a diagnosis.初学者面临的挑战初学者面临的挑战Apprentice:Challenges 不知不知如何接触患儿及其家长如何接触患儿及其家长如何接触患儿及其家长如何接触患儿及其家
14、长 (How to approach the patient or parentsHow to approach the patient or parents)不知从何开始病史采集不知从何开始病史采集不知从何开始病史采集不知从何开始病史采集 (How to get startedHow to get started)不知问些什么问题不知问些什么问题不知问些什么问题不知问些什么问题 (What kind of questions to askWhat kind of questions to ask)不能抓住主要问题不能抓住主要问题不能抓住主要问题不能抓住主要问题 (How to focus o
15、n the primary problemHow to focus on the primary problem)初学者面临的挑战初学者面临的挑战Apprentice:Challenges 不知如何结束病史采集不知如何结束病史采集不知如何结束病史采集不知如何结束病史采集(How to conclude)(How to conclude)。病史采集后不能形成一个完整的印象或初步诊断病史采集后不能形成一个完整的印象或初步诊断病史采集后不能形成一个完整的印象或初步诊断病史采集后不能形成一个完整的印象或初步诊断(whole story)(whole story)。They are They are u
16、ncomfortableuncomfortable,unconfidentunconfident,shy shy and and frustratedfrustrated.They are just“They are just“passivepassive”listener listener.如何成为一个合格的病史采集者?如何成为一个合格的病史采集者?How to become a How to become a COMPETENTCOMPETENT history taker history taker?Genuine children“lover”Keen and watchful obs
17、erver Enthusiastic and active listener Good thinker and judger Be aware of the special aspects of history taking for children Intensive training and practice to be a master病史采集的基本内容病史采集的基本内容自我介绍自我介绍SELF-INTRODUCTION(1).Who are you and what are you going to do?Tell patient,parents or guardian your id
18、entity and responsibility.l lPCPPCP(primary care physician)(primary care physician)Diagnosis makerDiagnosis maker Treatment plan maker and implementerTreatment plan maker and implementer Progress followerProgress follower Prognosis predictorPrognosis predictor Take full responsibility for diagnosis
19、and Take full responsibility for diagnosis and management-management-challenging!challenging!Tell patient,parents or guardian your identity and responsibility.l lIntern Intern(apprentice)(apprentice)History elicitor(collector)and PE performer.History elicitor(collector)and PE performer.RecorderRecor
20、der Progress followerProgress follower Although a learner,but plays very Although a learner,but plays very ACTIVEACTIVE role in the whole process-role in the whole process-challenging and challenging and rewarding!rewarding!(2).Brief Chat at the BeginningGet to know the patient(parents)l lTheir back
21、ground(Their background(educationeducation,occupationoccupation and even and even personalitypersonality)l lHelps to:Helps to:Set up an easy-going atmosphere Set up an easy-going atmosphere Set up physician-patient(parent)Set up physician-patient(parent)rapportrapport Gain trust:confident in your di
22、agnostic abilityGain trust:confident in your diagnostic ability Decide the approach to them(language and Decide the approach to them(language and manner)manner)Appease crying children and make them easy.Appease crying children and make them easy.Atmosphere and SettingEasy-goingGive patient(parent)fu
23、ll freedom to describe his/her problems and express his/her fears and concerns.Show your full attention and sympathy.Let them know that the information they provide would be kept confidential.Harmonious Physician-Patient Relationship:RapportShow your respect,sympathy and concern.Be an attentive and
24、patient listener.Be polite,warm,considerate and well-mannered and well-dressed.Skillful communicator.First impression you give to patient(parents)really matters.Appear friendly,but professionally.Patients must have confidence in your ability to act on their behalf,and therefore be willing to provide
25、 you detailed information.家长的信任和好感是医师获得准确家长的信任和好感是医师获得准确病史的先决条件。除了举止友善、病史的先决条件。除了举止友善、态度温和以外,夸奖孩子往往是拉态度温和以外,夸奖孩子往往是拉近距离的最好途径。近距离的最好途径。一般资料一般资料 GENERAL DATA姓名姓名(Name)年龄年龄(Age)性别性别(Gender)出生地点出生地点(Place of inhabitancy)民族民族(Race)病史提供者病史提供者(Informant,relationship to patient and history reliability)通讯地址通
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 儿科 病史 采集 体格检查
限制150内