专业英语-李尔王小说介绍-英语课件King-Lear.ppt

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1、专业英语专业英语-李尔王小说介李尔王小说介绍绍-英语课件英语课件King-LearKing-LearCONTENTSA Brief Introduction to William ShakespeareKing Lear1.Background&Criticism2.Characters3.Plot&Subplot4.Role Analysis5.ThemeWilliam Shakespeare(1564-1616)a great humanista great poeta dramatic genius,the greatest playwright of all time.a master

2、 of language37 plays,two narrative poems and 154 sonnetsLife ExperienceBorn on April 23,1564 in Stratford-on-AvonAttended grammar school and had some education(“small Latin and less Greek”)His father was involved in financial difficulties.Drop out to help support the familyAt 18,married Anne Hathawa

3、y3 years later,went to London and stayed there about 5 years(1587-1592)In 1594,joined a theater company,and later became its playwright and part ownerIn 1597,went back home and bought a house called New PlaceRetired at 49Died on April 23,1616,at 52,and was buried at StratfordFour Periods of His Dram

4、atic CareerPeriod of Early Experimentation(?-1594)Period of Rapid Growth and Development(1595-1600)Period of Gloom and Depression (1601-1607)Period of Calm after Storm (1608-1612)The First Period(the mid-1590s)Four comediesThe Comedy of Errors错误的喜剧The Taming of the Shrew驯悍记The Two Gentlemen of Veron

5、a 维洛那二绅士 Loves Labors Lost 爱的徒劳Four history playsThe Second Part of King Henry The Third Part of King Henry The First Part of King Henry The Life and Death of King Richard One tragedyTitus AndronicusThe Second Period(1595-1599)Six comediesA Midsummer Nights DreamThe Merchant of VeniceMuch Ado About

6、Nothing 无事生非As You Like It皆大欢喜The Merry Wives of WindsorTwelfth NightFour historiesThe Life and Death of Richard The First Part of King Henry The Second Part of King Henry The Life of King Henry Two tragediesRomeo and JulietThe Life and Death of Julius Caesar 凯撒大帝The Third Period(1600-1608)Great tra

7、gediesHamlet,Prince of DenmarkOthello,the Moore of VeniceKing LearThe Tragedy of MacbethAntony and CleopatraThe Tragedy of CoriolanusTimon of Athens雅典的泰门Dark comediesAlls Well That Ends Well终成眷属Troilus and CressidaMeasure for Measure一报还一报The Fourth Period(1608-1613)Four tragicomediesCymbeline,King o

8、f Britain辛白林The Winters Tale冬天的故事The Tempest暴风雨Prince of TyreTwo playsThe Life of King Henry The Two Noble KinsmenThe two long narrative poems Venus and Adonis and The Rape of Lucrece were respectively published in 1593 and 1594.His Sonnets were published in 1609.They are divided into two groups.One

9、 is about the conflicted lover for a young man of superior beauty and the other about the uncontrollable love for a mysterious“dark lady”of irresistible beauty.His WorksKing LearKing Lear stands alongside Hamlet as one of the most profound expressions of tragic drama in literature.Written between 16

10、04 and 1605,it represents Shakespeare at the height of his dramatic power.Drawing on ancient British history,Shakespeare constructs a plot that reads like a fable in its clear-sighted but terrifying simplicity.BackgroundCriticismMetaphors of monstrosity and perversions of nature structure the dramat

11、ic action,and the plays ending remains one of the most harrowing in all of Shakespeare.Many see a profound despair and nihilism in King Lear,and would agree with Kents conclusion that Alls cheerless,dark and deadly.Other writers have identified a radical but pessimistic critique of contemporary conc

12、eptions of kingship and absolutist authority,yet it remains a remarkable tragedy of public misjudgment and intensely private grief and anguish.CharactersKing Lear 高纳里尔 Gonerill 里根Regan 寇蒂莉亚Cordelia康华尔公爵The Duke of Cornwall奥本尼公爵The Duke of Albany葛罗斯特伯爵The Earl of Gloucester爱德伽Edgar爱德蒙Edmond李尔王：不列颠国王，

13、他是一位很专制的人物，他对他的女儿们错误的判断导致了他的失败。高纳里尔（Goneril或Gonerill）：李尔的长女，奥本尼公爵的妻子里根（Regan）：李尔的次女，康华尔公爵的妻子寇蒂莉亚（Cordelia）：李尔的三女，也是李尔最疼爱的女儿。奥本尼公爵（The Duke of Albany）：高纳里尔的丈夫，高纳里尔对他的“牛奶似的礼貌”不满，得知高纳里尔有意害死他后起来反对高纳里尔。康华尔公爵（The Duke of Cornwall）：里根的丈夫，在一次风暴中他将肯特伯爵推上了柴堆，将李尔放在一个火炉上，刺瞎了葛罗斯特伯爵。此后葛罗斯特伯爵的一个侍者攻击他并使他负致命伤。葛罗斯特伯爵

14、（The Earl of Gloucester）：爱德伽和爱德蒙的父亲，爱德蒙欺骗他反对爱德伽，后来爱德伽扮装逃亡。肯特伯爵（The Earl of Kent）：李尔的忠臣，他反对李尔对寇蒂莉亚的态度后被李尔驱逐，但他扮装为仆人继续为李尔服务，只是不让李尔知道他是谁。爱德蒙（Edmund或Edmond）：葛罗斯特伯爵的私生子，他为高纳里尔和里根服务来使得自己不断上升，三人之间关系暧昧。爱德伽（Edgar）：葛罗斯特伯爵的儿子，他改装后化名为“汤姆白德兰(Tom Bedlam)”，继续服侍他的瞎眼的父亲，最后他成为国王。奥斯华德（Oswald）：高纳里尔的侍者，被称为是一个“有效的坏蛋”。他试图

15、刺杀葛罗斯特伯爵，但被爱德伽所杀。弄人（The Fool）：一个忠于李尔和寇蒂莉亚的宫廷小丑。PlotThe aging King Lear decides to divide his kingdom among his three daughters,allotting each a portion in proportion to the eloquence of her declaration of love.The hypocritical Goneril and Regan make grand pronouncements and are rewarded;Cordelia,the

16、 youngest daughter,who truly loves Lear,refuses to make an insincere speech to prove her love and is disinherited.The two older sisters mock Lear and renege on their promise to support him.Cast out,the king slips into madness and wanders about accompanied by his faithful Fool.He is aided by the Earl

17、 of Kent,who,though banished from the kingdom for having supported Cordelia,has remained in Britain disguised as a peasant.Kent eventually brings Lear to Cordelia,who cares for him and helps him regain his reason.SubplotThe subplot concerns the Earl of Gloucester,who likewise spurns his honest son,E

18、dgar,and believes his conniving illegitimate son,Edmund.Edmund allies himself with Regan and Goneril to defend Britain against the French army mobilized by Cordelia.He turns his father over to Cornwallwho gouges out Gloucesters eyesthen imprisons Cordelia and Lear,but he is defeated in battle by Edg

19、ar.Jealous of Edmunds romantic attentions to Regan,Goneril poisons her and commits suicide.Cordelia is hanged.Lear,broken,dies with her body in his arms.King Lear and the Fool in the StormKing Lear mourns Cordelias deathRole AnalysisLears spiritual progressEarl of GloucesterEdgar and AlbanyLears spi

20、ritual progressThe various stages of Lears spiritual progress(a kind of“conversion”)are carefully marked.He learns the value of patience and the worth of“unaccommodated man.”He begins to realize his own faults as a king and almost understands his failure as a father.He begins to feel for the“poor na

21、ked wretches”and confesses,“O,I have taen/Too little care of this.”His instability of mind,almost a predisposition to madness,is shown from the beginning.His terrible rages and curses,first upon Cordelia and later upon Goneril and Regan,and his ranting and tyrannical language all foreshadow his brea

22、kdown.His faithful counselor is plain with him:“Be Kent unmannerly/When Lear is mad”;and his daughters shrewdly judge him:“he hath ever but slenderly known himself.”He is painfully conscious of approaching madness,but gradually the bombast of his sanity gives place to a remarkable kind of eloquence,

23、flowing easily and never incoherent.His“ravings”are intelligible to the audience,however perturbing they may seem to the other characters on the stage.They express a point of view that,had he understood it earlier,would have saved him from many errors of judgment.The mode of speech of the mad king c

24、ontrasts strongly with the congenital inconsequentiality of his Fool and the assumed madness of Edgar as“Poor Tom.”Earl of GloucesterKing Lears subplot focuses on the fortunes of Gloucesteranother father suffering from“filial ingratitude”and from his false judgment of the characters of his children.

25、This subplot is introduced in the opening scene,in some detail,as if it were of as much importance as the main plot.The stages by which Gloucester similarly learns by suffering are clearly indicated.He begins by being the cheerful sinner,but gradually his sense of pity and duty become stronger,and h

26、e reveals himself to Edmund:“If I die for t,as no less is threatened me,/the King my old master must be relieved.”This revelation of his good intentions to the treacherous Edmund leads directly to his downfall and to his being blinded.Edgar and AlbanyTwo of the“good”characters,Edgar and Albany(Goner

27、ils husband),also grow in moral stature and strength in the course of the play.At first,Edgar seems rather ineffectual,quite unable to cope with the villainy of his half brother Edmund;but eventually he emerges as a strong character,confirmed by suffering and by compassion,able to fight and overcome

28、 Edmund in the ordeal at arms;and eventually,as one of the survivors,he is entrusted,along with Albany,with the future of the kingdom.Albany,too,is gradually built up,from being the weaker partner in his marriage to being the spokesman of virtue and justice,with an authority able to cope with the fo

29、rce of Edmunds malignant energy.ThemeKing Lear is a true reflection of the turbulent landscape of British society during the period of primitive accumulation of capital in the capitalist world,and it is also the authors criticism to autocratic monarchy and praise to human nature.Lear,who was abused

30、by his cunning cruel daughter and brutal son-in-law,changed from a self-willed ruler to a vagrant king all of a sudden.This process reflects the history of the declining of feudal class in late Renaissance.It also reflects a true history that the feudal ethics tends to collapse and the pure monetary relationship between people replaces the old discipline and ethics at the transition period when feudalism disintegrated and capitalism roseTHANK YOU结束结束