十四节课串讲四六级语法第三讲倒装.ppt

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1、十四节课串讲四六级语法第三讲倒装 Still waters run deep.流静水深流静水深,人静心深人静心深 Where there is life,there is hope。有生命必有希望。有生命必有希望 英语句子的自然语序是英语句子的自然语序是“主语主语+谓语谓语”。如果将谓语的全部或一部分放在主语之前，这如果将谓语的全部或一部分放在主语之前，这种语序被称为种语序被称为“倒装倒装”。谓语全部放在主语之。谓语全部放在主语之前，为前，为全部倒装全部倒装；只把助动词，连系动词或情；只把助动词，连系动词或情态动词放在主语之前，为态动词放在主语之前，为部分倒装部分倒装。倒装的原因倒装的原因，一

2、是语法结构的需要，一是语法结构的需要（如某些疑问句）；二是为了强调；（如某些疑问句）；二是为了强调；三是保持句子的平衡或是上下文紧密相接。三是保持句子的平衡或是上下文紧密相接。一、一、全全 部部 倒倒 装装 （谓语全部放在主语之前）（谓语全部放在主语之前）此结构通常只用与一般现在时和一般过去时此结构通常只用与一般现在时和一般过去时1.there be句型句型,其中其中be动词有时可动词有时可exist,live,stand,lie,seem,appear,remain,happen 等词代替等词代替(全部倒装）全部倒装）1)There is an experienced teacher and

3、 many lovely students in the classroom.2.方位词方位词in,out,there,here,inside,outside,up,down,away,off,downstairs,upstairs等以及等以及now,then放在放在句首时，句首时，谓语动词常用谓语动词常用be,come,go,lie,runbe,come,go,lie,run等，等，并且句子的主语是名词。并且句子的主语是名词。（全部倒装）（全部倒装）注意：注意：主语是人称代词时，仍用自然语序。主语是人称代词时，仍用自然语序。Away they went.(=They went away.)2

4、)There lay a winding brook in front of an old house.2)Now comes your turn to sweep the floor.3.3.直接引语的一部分或全部放在句首时，有时用倒装。直接引语的一部分或全部放在句首时，有时用倒装。（全部倒装）（全部倒装）“Whats up,Tom?”asked Mother.“The car is mine,”said Tom.注意：注意：主语是代词时，不倒装。主语是代词时，不倒装。“The car is mine,”he said.4.4.为了平衡句子结构的需要为了平衡句子结构的需要,或为了强调状语或为

5、了强调状语(常为介词常为介词短语短语)，或为了使上下文紧密衔接时，将状语提前，或为了使上下文紧密衔接时，将状语提前 （全部倒装）（全部倒装）1)They arrived at a farmhouse,in front of which sat a small boy.2)Nearby were the canoes in which they had come to the island.5.5.主语太长，表语太短，为了平衡句子结构的主语太长，表语太短，为了平衡句子结构的需要需要,将表语提前。将表语提前。（全部倒装）（全部倒装）1.Inside the pyramid are the buri

6、al rooms for the kings and queens.2.Gone are the days when we are enslaved.3.Present at the meeting are ten famous writers.suchsuch和和和和bebe连用作表语时，也常用倒装语序，如：连用作表语时，也常用倒装语序，如：连用作表语时，也常用倒装语序，如：连用作表语时，也常用倒装语序，如：1.Such was not his intention.2.Such are the facts.二、二、部部 分分 倒倒 装装 把助动词，连系动词或情态动词把助动词，连系动词或情态动

7、词 放在主语之前放在主语之前1.1.用于疑问句。用于疑问句。（部分倒装）（部分倒装）Shall everything be ready before you arrive?What can I do for you?注意：疑问词做主语或修饰主语时，主谓不颠倒注意：疑问词做主语或修饰主语时，主谓不颠倒.Who can work it out?2.2.用于省略用于省略ifif的虚拟条件从句中，的虚拟条件从句中，should/were/had 被放在句首。被放在句首。（部分倒装）（部分倒装）1)Had I not adopted my teachers advice,I would have mad

8、e such a serious mistake.2)Were she you,she would tell her parents the truth.3 3、so,as,neither,nor,no more so,as,neither,nor,no more 位于句首，表示前面的位于句首，表示前面的位于句首，表示前面的位于句首，表示前面的 情况也适合于另一人或物时。情况也适合于另一人或物时。情况也适合于另一人或物时。情况也适合于另一人或物时。（部分倒装）（部分倒装）（部分倒装）（部分倒装）Tom can speak French.So can Jack.If you wont go,ne

9、ither will I.-Do you know Jim quarrelled with his brother?-I dont know,_.A.nor dont I care B.nor do I care C.I dont care neither D.I dont care also注意：若只是表示对前面所述内容的肯定，确认，注意：若只是表示对前面所述内容的肯定，确认，主谓不倒装主谓不倒装 Tom asked me to go to play football and so I did.“Its raining hard.”“So it is.”4.含有否定意义的副词或连词置于句首，

10、如含有否定意义的副词或连词置于句首，如hardly,rarely,seldom,scarcely,barely,never,not,few,little,neither,nor,not only,hardlywhen,in no case,by no means,no soonerthan,many a time,often 等。等。（部分倒装）（部分倒装）1)Not until the 19th century was the written examination probably known.2)Not only was everything he had taken away from

11、,but also his German citizenship.3)Not a single mistake did he make.4)Hardly had I reached the bus stop when the bus started.1.Hardly anyone believe that today.2.Not only you but also she has been to Beijing.3.Neither the girls nor John is to blame.1.Not only is she a good singer,but also she is a g

12、ood dancer.2.Neither did he watch TV nor did he go to the cinema.3.Not until it is dark will we come home.注意注意1：修饰或连接主语时，主谓不倒装：修饰或连接主语时，主谓不倒装 I have never seen such a performance.I have never seen such a performance.注意注意注意注意2 2 2 2：如否定词不在句首不倒装，例如如否定词不在句首不倒装，例如：5.only+状语（副词、介词短语、状语从句）放在状语（副词、介词短语、状语从

13、句）放在句首时。句首时。（部分倒装）（部分倒装）1)Only then did I realize the value of reading aloud every morning.2)Only by means of talking can we avoid misunderstanding each other.3)Only when the war was over in 1918 was he able to get happily back to work.6.“so/such+表语表语/状语状语+that从句从句”结构中的结构中的 so 或或such引导的表语引导的表语/状语放在句

14、首时。状语放在句首时。（部分倒装）（部分倒装）1）So frightened was she in the darkness that she didnt dare to move at all.2）Such a lovely child is he that all of us love him.3）So hurriedly did she leave that she forgot to switch off the lights.7.7.用于形容词（名词用于形容词（名词/动词）动词）+as/though 的让步状语从句中。的让步状语从句中。（特殊倒装）（特殊倒装）1)Proud as t

15、hey are,they are afraid to see us.2)Child as he is,he knows a lot.(A small child as he is,he knows a lot.)3)Try hard as they would,they could not lift the box.4)Youngest as he is in our class,his pronunciation is the best.8.用于表示祝愿和祝福之类的句子中。用于表示祝愿和祝福之类的句子中。（部分倒装或全部倒装）（部分倒装或全部倒装）1）May you succeed/be h

16、appy!2)Long live the Peoples Republic of China!Exercises:1.Not until all the fish died in the river_ how serious the pollution was.A.did the villagers realize B.the villagers realize C.the villagers did realize D.didnt the villagers realize2.It was not until 1920_ regular radio broadcasts began.A.wh

17、ile B.which C.that D.since3.I finally got the job I dreamed about.Never in all my life_ so happy.A.did I feel B.I felt C.I had felt D.had I felt 4.Why cant I smoke here?At no time _ in the meeting-room.A.is smoking permitted B.smoking is permitted C.smoking is it permitted D.does smoking permit 5.No

18、 sooner _ than it began to rain heavily.A.the game began B.has the game begun C.did the game beginD.had the game begun 6.Do you know Tom bought a new car?I dont know,_.A.nor dont I care B.nor do I care C.I dont care neither D.I dont care also7._ can you expect to get a pay rise.A.With hard work B.Al

19、though work hard C.Only with hard work D.Now that he works hard8.Now_ Sallys turn to keep guard.A.there is B.is going C.has come D.comes9.Not only_ polluted but_ crowded.A.was the city;were the streets B.the city was;were the streets C.was the city;the streets were D.the city was;the streets were10.

20、So_ that no fish can live in it.A.the lake is shallow B.shallow the lake is C.shallow is the lake D.is the lake shallow11.Little_ about his own safety,though he was in great danger himself.A.does he care B.did he care C.he cares D.he cared12.Was it in 1969_ the American astronaut succeeded _ landing

21、 on the moon.A.when;on B.that;on C.when;in D.that;in13._ for the free tickets,I would not have gone to the films so often.A.If it is not B.Were it not C.Had it not been D.If they were not14.-David has made great progress recently.-_,and_.A.So he has;so you have B.So he has;so have you C.So has he;so have you D.So has he;so you have15.Here _the good news for every man and every woman who _in the town.A.is;live B.is;lives C.are;live D.are;livesHomework:1.Review Version2.Finish English weekly