动词 虚拟语气ppt.ppt

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1、动词动词 虚拟语气虚拟语气pptn n3.The Imperative Mood.It mainly puts forward requests and orders.n n Dont stay outside.n n Lets have a rest.n n4.The Subjunctive Mood.It represents the subjunctive desire.n n If I were you I would take his advice.2 2n n1 1forms of the subjunctive moodforms of the subjunctive moodn

2、 nThe subjunctive mood includes the following forms of The subjunctive mood includes the following forms of verb.verb.n n (1)should,would,could,might+V (1)should,would,could,might+Vn n If I had a car.I wouldnt go to work by bike.If I had a car.I wouldnt go to work by bike.n n If I had a lot of money

3、 he could go abroad for a If I had a lot of money he could go abroad for a visit.visit.n n Note:Sometimes,“should”can be omitted in the Note:Sometimes,“should”can be omitted in the following sentencesfollowing sentencesn nIt is necessary that the work be done as soon as It is necessary that the work

4、 be done as soon as possible.possible.n nIt suggested that she be at home in the evening.It suggested that she be at home in the evening.3 3n n(2)the verb forms are the same as the tenses:(2)the verb forms are the same as the tenses:such as the past tense(bewere)the past such as the past tense(bewer

5、e)the past perfect tense,the past future perfect tense,and perfect tense,the past future perfect tense,and so on.so on.n n If I had time,I would go with you.If I had time,I would go with you.n n If there were no sun,life could not exist on If there were no sun,life could not exist on earth.earth.n n

6、 If you had taken his advice,you wouldnt have If you had taken his advice,you wouldnt have made such a mistake.made such a mistake.4 4 2the sentences of conditionn n1.The sentence of condition refers to a complex 1.The sentence of condition refers to a complex which includes an adverbial clause of c

7、ondition.which includes an adverbial clause of condition.There are two kinds of sentences of condition.There are two kinds of sentences of condition.One is the sentence of Real Condition.The other One is the sentence of Real Condition.The other is the sentence of Unreal Condition when the is the sen

8、tence of Unreal Condition when the subjective desire can come true.It is the subjective desire can come true.It is the sentences of Real Condition.When it cant come sentences of Real Condition.When it cant come true,it is the sentence of Unreal Condition.true,it is the sentence of Unreal Condition.5

9、 5n nIf you havent finished your composition,you If you havent finished your composition,you can hand it in tomorrow.can hand it in tomorrow.n nIf I said anything wrong,you must point it out.If I said anything wrong,you must point it out.n nIf they didnt leave at once,they wouldnt be If they didnt l

10、eave at once,they wouldnt be able to catch the train.able to catch the train.n nIf I were you,I would reconsider their proposal.If I were you,I would reconsider their proposal.n nIf we hadnt built the dam,there would have If we hadnt built the dam,there would have been a terrible flood.been a terrib

11、le flood.6 63 Usage of Subjunctive mood in the Sentence of Unreal Condition.n n1.Subjunction on present fact.1.Subjunction on present fact.n n Its structure is:Its structure is:n n Clause of condition main clause Clause of condition main clausen n (V-ed be-were)would.should+V (V-ed be-were)would.sho

12、uld+Vn n If I knew his telephone number,I would ring If I knew his telephone number,I would ring his up.his up.n n If I were you,I wouldnt do that.If I were you,I wouldnt do that.n n If there were no air,living thing couldnt exist If there were no air,living thing couldnt exist on earth.on earth.7 7

13、n n Note:In informal English,people use“was”to stand for“were”in the first and third persons.n nIf he was here,we could ask him.n nIf I was in her place,I would think differently.8 8n n2.Subjunction on the past fact.2.Subjunction on the past fact.n n Its structure is:Its structure is:n n The clause

14、main clause The clause main clause n n Had+done would should+have done Had+done would should+have donen n If you had come earlier,you would/might have seen him.If you had come earlier,you would/might have seen him.n n If she hadnt been so busy,she would have come to see us.If she hadnt been so busy,

15、she would have come to see us.n nIf you had put on more clothes,you wouldnt have caught a bad If you had put on more clothes,you wouldnt have caught a bad cold.cold.n n If I had been more careful,I could have done it better.If I had been more careful,I could have done it better.n n If he hadnt been

16、ill,he might have come.If he hadnt been ill,he might have come.9 9n n 3.Subjunction on the future fact.3.Subjunction on the future fact.n n Its structure is:Its structure is:n n The clause main clause The clause main clausen n Past form Past formn n Should+V Should+Vn n Were+to do would.should+do We

17、re+to do would.should+don n If it should rain,the crops would be saved.If it should rain,the crops would be saved.n nIf it were to snow tomorrow,they wouldnt go out.If it were to snow tomorrow,they wouldnt go out.n n If she failed again,she would go home.If she failed again,she would go home.1010n n

18、 If I were to do it,I would do it in a different way.If I were to do it,I would do it in a different way.n n If they were to(should)act like that again,we should If they were to(should)act like that again,we should criticize them severely.criticize them severely.n n4.In the adverbial clause of unrea

19、l condition,we often 4.In the adverbial clause of unreal condition,we often omit the word if and use the inversion,and put omit the word if and use the inversion,and put auxiliary verb,model verb,be,or have at the beginning auxiliary verb,model verb,be,or have at the beginning of the clause.of the c

20、lause.n n Should there be a flood,what should we do?Should there be a flood,what should we do?n nWere it not their assistance,we couldnt have overcome Were it not their assistance,we couldnt have overcome the difficulties.the difficulties.n n Had they time,they would certainly come and help us.Had t

21、hey time,they would certainly come and help us.1111n n5.Sometimes two actions happened at the different time.5.Sometimes two actions happened at the different time.We should use the different forms of verbs.(It is called We should use the different forms of verbs.(It is called conditional sentences

22、of mixed time)conditional sentences of mixed time)n nIf the weather had been more favorable,the crops If the weather had been more favorable,the crops would be growing still better.would be growing still better.n nIf you were in better health,we would have allowed you If you were in better health,we

23、 would have allowed you to join them in the work.to join them in the work.n nIf we hadnt got everything ready by now,we should be If we hadnt got everything ready by now,we should be having a terrible time tomorrow.having a terrible time tomorrow.n nIf we hadnt been working hard in the part few year

24、s,If we hadnt been working hard in the part few years,things wouldnt be going smoothly.things wouldnt be going smoothly.1212n n6.Sometimes we use Subjunctive mood not for the adverbial clause of condition but for the prepositional phrase.n nWe could have done it better under more favorable condition

25、s.n nThat would have been considered miracle in the past.n n Without your help,I wouldnt succeed.1313n n 7.Sometimes we use the Subjunctive mood from the 7.Sometimes we use the Subjunctive mood from the context clue.(sometimes it is called sentences of implied context clue.(sometimes it is called se

26、ntences of implied condition)condition)n n But for the storm,we should have arrived earlier.But for the storm,we should have arrived earlier.n n I was ill that day,otherwise I would have taken part in I was ill that day,otherwise I would have taken part in the game.the game.n nIf not for these poor

27、children,he would have If not for these poor children,he would have goneabroadgoneabroadn n I wouldnt have acted as he did.I wouldnt have acted as he did.n n Who but a fool would believe that?Who but a fool would believe that?n n It would be a mistake not to help him.(If we didnt)It would be a mista

28、ke not to help him.(If we didnt)n n It was so quiet,you could have heard a pin drop.It was so quiet,you could have heard a pin drop.14144Usage of Subjunctive Mood in some clausesn n1.Subjunctive Mood can be used to represent 1.Subjunctive Mood can be used to represent wish,suggestion,order and so on

29、.wish,suggestion,order and so on.n n(1)wish+objective clause.(1)wish+objective clause.n n I wish I were as strong as you.I wish I were as strong as you.n n I wish I remembered the exam.I wish I remembered the exam.n n I wish he had passed the exam.I wish he had passed the exam.n n He wishes he hadnt

30、 made such a mistake.He wishes he hadnt made such a mistake.n n I wish he would try once.I wish he would try once.n n I wish he be at home.I wish he be at home.1515n n(2)would rather(sooner)+Subjunctive mood.(2)would rather(sooner)+Subjunctive mood.n n I would rather they came tomorrow.I would rathe

31、r they came tomorrow.n n I could go myself but I would sooner you went.I could go myself but I would sooner you went.n n I would rather you hadnt told me about it.I would rather you hadnt told me about it.n n Note:Sometimes“had rather,prefer,suppose”Note:Sometimes“had rather,prefer,suppose”“can foll

32、ow the Subjunctive mood.“can follow the Subjunctive mood.n n I had rather he helped me.I had rather he helped me.n n He preferred that she shouldnt do the job.He preferred that she shouldnt do the job.n n Suppose they didnt believe him,what would Suppose they didnt believe him,what would happen to h

33、im?happen to him?1616n n(3)Suggest order,demand,propose,command request,(3)Suggest order,demand,propose,command request,desire,insist ask etc.In the objective clause,we often desire,insist ask etc.In the objective clause,we often use the subjunctive mood.but(should)can be omitted.use the subjunctive

34、 mood.but(should)can be omitted.n nI suggest he set off straightaway.I suggest he set off straightaway.n nI propose that they(should)come here on time.I propose that they(should)come here on time.n nThey requested that we(should)send a delegation to They requested that we(should)send a delegation to

35、 their country.their country.n nHe insisted that he raise the question at the meeting.He insisted that he raise the question at the meeting.n nThey asked that arrangements be made to solve the They asked that arrangements be made to solve the problems.problems.n nThe father demanded the daughter wor

36、k hard all the The father demanded the daughter work hard all the time.time.1717n n(4)It is important/necessary/desired/suggested/(4)It is important/necessary/desired/suggested/ordered/proposed.+that clause,In the ordered/proposed.+that clause,In the clause,we often use subjunctive mood.clause,we of

37、ten use subjunctive mood.n nIt is necessary that he be sent there at once.It is necessary that he be sent there at once.n nIt is important that he take the advice.It is important that he take the advice.n nIt is desired that we get everything ready by It is desired that we get everything ready by to

38、night.tonight.n nIt is arranged that they leave the following week.It is arranged that they leave the following week.n nIt will be better that we meet some other time.It will be better that we meet some other time.1818n n(5)Suggestion.proposal.order.plan.idea.decision.(5)Suggestion.proposal.order.pl

39、an.idea.decision.requirement.etc.are used as subjects.in the requirement.etc.are used as subjects.in the predicative clause,we often use the subjunctive predicative clause,we often use the subjunctive mood.mood.n nMy suggestion is that we start as soon as My suggestion is that we start as soon as po

40、ssible.possible.n nMy idea is that we stay here for another day to My idea is that we stay here for another day to have a good rest.have a good rest.n nTheir decision is that everyone(should)stay at Their decision is that everyone(should)stay at home to wait for the news.home to wait for the news.19

41、19n n(6)If the words above have the oppositive clause,we often use the subjunctive mood.n n What do you think of his proposal that we(should)put on a play at the English evening?n nThe commander made the order that the army march toward the next destination in the next early morning.2020n n2.should+

42、V can represent peoples surprise,puzzle,2.should+V can represent peoples surprise,puzzle,doubt,unsatisfaction,etc.doubt,unsatisfaction,etc.n n(1)expect,believe,think,suspect,and so on.If the(1)expect,believe,think,suspect,and so on.If the words are used in the negative or interrogative words are use

43、d in the negative or interrogative sentences,In the objective clause we use the sentences,In the objective clause we use the subjunctive mood.subjunctive mood.n n-I never expected that the problem should be so -I never expected that the problem should be so complicatedcomplicatedn n-They couldnt bel

44、ieve that the new stadium should -They couldnt believe that the new stadium should be so big.be so big.n n-We never thought that she should be the brave girl -We never thought that she should be the brave girl we have heard so much about.we have heard so much about.2121n n(2)It is a pity/a shame/inc

45、redible/strange/no wonder(2)It is a pity/a shame/incredible/strange/no wonder that-that-n nIn these structure we use subjunctive mood in the In these structure we use subjunctive mood in the clause.clause.n nIt is a great pity that they should be so conceited.It is a great pity that they should be s

46、o conceited.n nIt seems incredible that he should have finished the It seems incredible that he should have finished the work so soon.work so soon.n nIt is quite natural that such things should be protected.It is quite natural that such things should be protected.n nIt is no wonder that he should do

47、 it all by himself.It is no wonder that he should do it all by himself.2222n n(3)Im sorry,we were surprised,they are(3)Im sorry,we were surprised,they are disappointed.They can follow the adverbial disappointed.They can follow the adverbial clause in which we can use the subjunctive clause in which

48、we can use the subjunctive mood.mood.n n Im sorry that he should be in such poor health.Im sorry that he should be in such poor health.n n We were surprised that he should be so stupid.We were surprised that he should be so stupid.n n Im still not quite convinced that she should Im still not quite c

49、onvinced that she should have done so much in such a short time.have done so much in such a short time.2323n n3.In the following adverbial clause.We should 3.In the following adverbial clause.We should use the subjunctive mood.use the subjunctive mood.n n(1)In the sentence that as if/though takes.It

50、s(1)In the sentence that as if/though takes.Its the same as objective clause after wish.the same as objective clause after wish.n nI remember the whole thing as if/though it I remember the whole thing as if/though it happened yesterday.happened yesterday.n nThey talked as if they had been friends fo