新版现代大学英语第12课A-Fundamental-Technique-in-Handling-People优秀PPT.ppt

《新版现代大学英语第12课A-Fundamental-Technique-in-Handling-People优秀PPT.ppt》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《新版现代大学英语第12课A-Fundamental-Technique-in-Handling-People优秀PPT.ppt（51页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、WhatdidB.FSkinnerprovetous?Doeswhathehasfoundapplytohumans?Doyouagreewithhimbasedonyourownexperience?Whataboutcriticism?Isiteffectiveandwhy?Whatis“putapersononthedefensive?”Itmeans“tomakesb.trytodefendhimselffromattacksorcriticism.”Whatis“strivetojustifyhimself”Itmeans“tryeverymeanstoprovethatwhathe

2、orshedoesisrightorreasonable.”Paraphrase“Criticismisusuallyfutilejustifyhimself.”Translate“Criticismisalsooften.arousesresentment.”intoChinese.So,onthewhole,whatkindofopinioncanyougetfrompara.1B.F Skinner,the world-famous psychologist,proved through his experiments that an animal rewarded for good b

3、ehavior will learn much more rapidly and retain what it learns far more effectively than an animal punished for bad behavior.What does this sentence mean to you?e.g.Hisspeechcouldnotretaintheinterestofhisaudience.Hold/keepAnalyze the structure“Abraham Lincoln lay dying”and“there lies the most.has ev

4、er known.”Why does the author mention Abraham Lincoln?He thinks that Lincoln is good at dealing with people.Accompanycircumstances Invertedclauseintroducedby“there”From what aspects did the author do in studying Lincolns success in dealing with people?Exhausitive Did he criticize people?Evidence:as

5、a young man.As a practicing lawyer.uindulgeuPracticing lawyerThen what happened?He did this just once too oftenChallenge Fight to the death Paragraph 4What lesson did Lincoln learn from his previous experiences?Never again did he write an insulting letter.Never again did he ridicule anyone.eg:我再也不会犯

6、同样的错误了。NeveragainwillImakethesamemistake.Invaluableinvertedsentenceapplyto:对适用e.g.Thislawdoesnotapplytothepresentsituation.Other collocations of“apply”:applyto:向某机构提出申请e.g.Youhavetoapplytotheschoolauthorities.applyfor:为某事提出申请e.g.Doyouknowhowtoapplyforascholarship?Paragraph 5Time after time,during th

7、e Civil War,what happened?（new generals he appointed made many mistakes during the civil war.)blunder pace the floor:Eg:pace the room 在房间里踱来踱去How about the nations attitude towards these generals?But what about Lincolns attitude?(with malice toward none,with charity for all.Judge not,that ye be not

8、judged.)Paraphrase these two sentences:Hold ones peace:hold ones tongue 保持缄默Paragraph 6-11Frompreviousparagraph,weknowthatcriticizingothersisnotgood,wearenotsuggestedtocriticizeothers,butifsomeonehastheoccasiontocriticize,thenwhoishe?-occasionWhathappenedinthebattle?-retreat-deluge-surgeWhatdidGener

9、alMeadedo?-point-blankWhatwasLincolnsattitudestowardthismatter?-inbitterdisappointment-wrotealetterofgreatrestraintParaphraseLincolnsattitudesLincolnwasverydisappointedandangry,butwhenhewrotetheletterherestrainedhimself(controlledhisbadfeeling)I do not believe you appreciate the magnitude of the mis

10、fortune involved in Lees escape.He was within our easy grasp.And to have closed upon him would,in connection with our other successes,have ended the war.As it is,the war will be prolonged indefinitely.If you could not safely attack Lee last Monday,how can you possibly do so south of the river,when y

11、ou can take with you very few-no more than two-thirds of the force you then had in hand?It would be unreasonable to expect and I do not expect that you can now affect much.Your golden opportunity is gone,and I am distressed immeasurably because of it.Itseasyforustocapturethemandgotthevictory.Whatdoy

12、outhinkMeadedidwhenhereadtheletter?WhydidntLincolnmailtheletter?-shriek-thewoundedandthedying-itiswaterunderthebridgenow-impair医生的天职就是救死扶伤Thedoctorsdutyandobligationtohealthewoundedandrescuethedying.Secondexample:MarkTwainWhatwouldMarkTwaindowhilehewasingreatanger?(wrotelettersthatturnedthepaperbrow

13、n.)Whatexampledidtheauthorgiveus?Firstexample:(thethingforyouisaburialpermit.)(YouhaveonlytospeakandIwillseethatyougetit.”)Secondexample:(Aproofreadersattemptto“improvemyspellingandpronunciation.”)(MarkTwainordered:setthematteraccordingtomycopyhereafterandseethattheproofreaderretainshissuggestionsin

14、themushofhisdecayedbrain)Thewordshewroteintheletterfullofanger(indignation)wouldburnthepaperbrownGuarantee/makesureSettype/composetype/layoutWhatshisfeelingafterwritingthesekindsofletters?(fellbetterandallowedhimtoblowoffsteam.)Didtheletterarouseanyresentmentorinfluence?(No,becausehiswifesecretlylif

15、tedthemoutofthemail.)uAfterreadingthisresult,whatisyourthoughts?Anythingbasedonthislastsentence?(openanswer)lHaveyoueverthoughtaboutchangingorregulateorimproveaperson?whatdoyouthinkaboutthischange,easyordifficult?lHowbouttheauthorsattitudestowardsthisquestion?(Iaminfavorofit.Butwhynotbeginonyourself

16、,fromapurelyselfishstandpoint,itismoreprofitablethantryingtoimproveothers,andalotlessdangerous.)So,whatdidConfuciussaytous?Andwhendealingwithpeoplewhatshouldwethinkabout?loseonestemperT Third example:Thomas Hardyhird example:Thomas Hardy WhoisThomasHardy?ThomasHardy,(2June184011January1928)wasanEngl

17、ishnovelistandpoet.hewasinfluencedbothinhisnovelsandinhispoetrybyRomanticism.HewashighlycriticalofmuchinVictoriansociety,thoughHardyfocusedmoreonadecliningruralsociety.Doyouknowsomeofhisgreatworks?Far from the Madding Crowd(1874),The Mayor ofCasterbridge(1886),Tess of the dUrbervilles(1891),andJude

18、theObscure(1895).Whathappenedtohiswritingcareer?(HegaveupthewritingoffictionbecausesharpcriticismdroveanotherEnglishpoet,ThomasChatterton,tosuicide)Analyzethestructureofthefirstsentence德伯家的苔丝远离尘嚣Bitter criticism caused the sensitive Thomas Hardy,one of the finest novelists ever to enrich English lit

19、erature,to give up forever the writing of fiction.TheForthTheForthexample:BenjaminFranklinexample:BenjaminFranklinWasBenjaminFranklingoodathandlingpeoplewhenhewasyoung?(no,hewastactless,butlaterhebecamediplomatic,soadroitathandlingpeople.)Whatisthesecretofhissuccess?(Iwillspeakillofnoman,andspeakall

20、thegoodIknowofeverybody.)TosaybadthingsaboutParagraph 17-21Whats the comment on fools based on Dale Caregie?(any fool can criticize,condemn and complain-and most fools do.)Translate it into Chinese:任何傻瓜都会指责，指责和埋怨-极大多数的傻瓜也就是这样做的What suggestions does the author give us in paragraph 18?(It takes charac

21、ter and self-control to be understanding and forgiving.)Paraphrase the sentence:If you want to understand and forgive people,you need to have character and self-control.Charlyle says,“a great man shows his greatness by the way he treats little men.”AmanofnoimportanceorsignificanceThelastexampleCarne

22、gieshowedusisafamoustestpilot,whydoeshechoosethisexample?(becausethisfamoustestpilotdidntscoldorpunishtheguywhomadethebigmistake,heshowedhisattitudethatnooneisperfect.Andhewassuretheguywouldnevermakethesuchmistakes.)Uponreturningtotheairport.Unleashfor.WhatdidDr.Johnsonsaytous:Godhimself,sir,doesntp

23、roposetojudgemanuntiltheendofhisdays.TranslatethesentenceintoChinese:先生，即使是上帝自己也主见到人类最终的时候才对他们进行评判。strivevi.attemptbyemployingeffort;toexertmucheffortorenergy奋斗,努力,力求,斗争e.g.Thescientistsstriveforabreakthroughincancerresearch.Weshouldallstrivetoreunifythemotherland.arousev.callforth(emotions,feelings

24、,andresponses);stopsleeping;causetobecomeawakeorconscious叫醒,唤醒,激起,睡醒e.g.Hefellintoasoundsleep,dontarousehim.Thesloganwasdesigndtoarousethepeople.Hissufferingsarousedoursympathy.arouse与rouse的不同：e.g.Thisarousedmysuspicion.e.g.Theprofessorsspeechfailedtorousehisaudience.rouse:较正式用词，常以具体的人或动物为对象，指把某人叫醒，

25、引起某人的爱好。arouse:除表示一般的唤醒外，多作引申用,主要指唤起引起无形的东西,通常与fear，curiosity等抽象名词连用。arousesympathy引起怜悯arouseattention唤起留意arousecuriosity引起新颖心arouseconcern引起关注忧虑arousediscussion引起争论arousecriticism引起指责arousehatred引起憎恶arouseresistance激起抗拒exhaustive:是形容词，意为“完全的”、“彻底的”（thoroughorcomplete），与之常常搭配的词有work、inquiries、resear

26、ch、investigation、treatment等。eg:Thisisapieceofexhaustivework.这是一部完备的作品。Thepolicearemakinganexhaustiveinvestigationofthecrime.exhausting是现在分词，作形容词运用，义：“使竭尽的”、“使乏累的”（tomakeemptyortireout）。与之常常搭配运用的词有day、job、task、experiment等。Eg:这是一件使人乏累的工作。Thisisapieceofexhaustingwork.Exhausted是过去分词，意为“空竭的”、“乏累的”（fatigu

27、edortired），用作表语形容词，放在连系动词之后。Eg:孩子们跑完一个小时的路程后，都力倦神疲了。Afteranhoursrunning，thechildrenwereexhausted.indulgevt./vi.indulgein:beaddictedtoe.g.Henolongerindulgedhimselfinsmoking.Hedoesnotagreewithindulgingchildren.practicinglawyer见习律师.,开业律师attorneyt:nin.(辩护)律师.主要用于美国，指代理当事人处理遗嘱检验等法律事务的律师，有时可与lawyer通用，泛指辩护

28、律师solicitorslisit;slistn.aBritishlawyerwhogiveslegaladviceandprepareslegaldocuments律师barristerbristn.出庭律师(在英国有资格出席高等法院进行辩护)oncetoooften又一次/太多了e.g.Heexceededthespeedlimitoncetoooftenandwasfined10.YouveletmedownoncetoooftenandIshallnottrustyou.challengen.挑战,邀请竞赛,盘问,质疑v.向,盘问,质疑challengesb/sthe.g.Ididno

29、tthinkhewasright,soIchallengedhim.challengesbtosth要求某人做某事（向某人发起挑战）e.g.Hechallengedmetoadebate.challengesbtoaduel,agameoftennischallengesbtodosthrisetothechallenge/takeupthechallenge接受挑战(应付某种困难局面)/应战fighttothedeath:fightuntiloneiskilledstabsbtodeathstarvesbtodeathboresbtodeathwhipsbtodeathfrightensb.

30、todeath把某人吓得要死.invaluableadj.无价的,特别珍贵的Synonyms:valuableadj.珍贵的,珍贵的pricelessadj.无价的preciousadj.珍贵的（rare)Antonyms:valuelessadj.无价值的,不值钱的,不足道的worthlessadj.无价值的,无用的,可鄙的cheapblundern.abigmistakee.g.Ithinkhemadeablunderbyannouncingthenewsaheadoftime.v.失策,绊倒,瞎闯e.g.Thebestworkmansometimesblunder.ourleadersh

31、aveblunderedagain.blunderintoawall(瞎闯遇到了墙壁）pacethefloorpacetheroom在房间里踱来踱去incompetentadj.无实力的,不称职的,不能胜任的n.没有实力的人incompetencen.无实力,不合格,不能胜任Judgenot,thatyebenotjudged勿对人非议，以免自己受非议。ThisiswritteninarchaicEnglish.InmodernEnglishwewillsayDonotjudgeothers,sothatyouwillnotbejudgedbythem.ye英ji:pron.你archaic英

32、:keiik;:keikadj.已不通用的,古老的,古代的occasionn.场合,时机,理由,机会,盛大场面e.g.Therewasnooccasionforyoutobesorude.vt.引起,致使e.g.Stephensbehaviouroccasionedhisparentsmuchanxiety.onoccasion间或,有时ontheoccasionof值此.之际.risetotheoccasion应付自如retreatn./v.pullbackormoveawayorbackward撤退,变更,退避,缩回象棋的棋子retire/retreat/withdrawretire:指从

33、公开或公共场合退下到私下场所，也指被免除职务或自动辞职、退役等。retreat:含消极意味，多指被迫实行退下或退却的行动。withdraw:侧重因某种缘由而有意离开，常含礼貌、谦恭等理由。也指军队的撤退。delugen.大洪水,暴雨,泛滥e.g.Igotcaughtinthedelugeonthewayhome.v.泛滥,大量涌入e.g.Weadvertisedthejobandweredelugedwithapplications.surgen.汹涌,波涛,猛增e.g.Oilwastheprimecauseofthepricesurge.v.汹涌,涌起,激增e.g.Angersurgedup

34、withinhim.appreciatevt.欣赏,赏识,感谢,领悟,意识到指对某事物或意义有正确的相识，对其价值的确定Eg:Sheneverreallyappreciatedthedepthofthefamilysconflict.vi.增值Eg:Theydontknowthathouseswillappreciateinvalue.appreciationn.depreciatev.贬值,降价.magnitudemgnitju:d;mgn.tju:dn.大小,重要,光度,（地震）级数,（星星）等级e.g.Ihadnotrealizedthemagnitudeoftheproblem.Any

35、how,itiswaterunderthebridgenow.Anyhow,thethingispastandgone.Itisusedforsayingthatyoushouldstopthinkingaboutsthbadthathappenedinthepastandyoushouldforgivepeoplewhodidbadthings.impairvt.makeworseorlesseffective;e.g.Hisillnesshasimpairedhisefficiency.impairedadj.受损的e.g.Impairedhearingisjustoneofthemimp

36、airmentn.损伤Shriekn./v.Eg:sheshriekedandleaptfromthebed.Shriekwithpain痛的尖叫miserableshriek惨叫令人毛骨损然的尖叫ahair-raisingshriekThethingforyouisaburialpermit.(Thethingyouneedisaburialpermit./Youreallyhavenoreasontoliveinthisworld.)Thisisextremelycruelandinsulting.MarkTwainwaswildwithangeratthetime.Hecouldntre

37、allymeantodelivertheletter.burialn./adj.Eg:天葬celestialburialburyv.Eg:我们不能简洁的安葬了过去。Wecannotsimplyburythepast.Mushn./v.Eg:Beverycarefulnottoovercookthemortheywillturntomush.babymush婴儿餐Doingtoomanythingsatatimewillturnyourmindtomush.mushed-uppotatoesdecaydikeiv.(使)衰退,(使)腐败,腐烂e.g.Thedampnessoftheclimate

38、decayedthebooks.Thevegetableshavebeguntodecay.n.衰退,腐败,腐烂decayedtooth/teethdecayedfruitIamallinfavorofit:Iamallforit.Moreexamplesof“favor”Eg:willyoupleasedomeafavor?Ihaveaspecialfavortoaskofyou?High-risesarenowoutoffavor.NuclearpowerlostitsfavorafterthemeltdownofthatyearThefinalscoreisthreetooneinour

39、favor.Thoseinfavoroftheproposal,raiseyourhands.Fewpeoplefavortheideaofbuildingthisdam.Theweatherconditionsarequitefavorablesofarthisyear.Whoisyourfavoritepopularsingertoday?Notpopularpopulartactlessadj.refertoaperson,itmeanswhattheysayordoislikelytooffendotherpeople.不圆通的;没分寸的Eg:atactlessclerktactn.i

40、tistheabilitytoavoidupsettingoroffendingpeoplebybeingcarefulnottosayordothingsthatwouldhurttheirfeelings.得体,圆滑，老练Eg:Haveyoueverhurtothersbyyourlackoftact?机灵就是要在适当的时机做适当的事情和说适当的话。Tactisthehabitofdoingandsayingtherightthingattherightmoment.diplomatic.diplmtikadj.外交的,古字体的,老练n.外交diplomacydiplumsin.外交家,外

41、交官,通权达变之人diplomatistdiplumtist/diplomatdiplmtn.n.文凭diplomadiplumadroitadj.Someonewhoisadroitisquickandskilfulintheirthoughts,behavior,oractions.干练的e.g.anadroitdiplomatHeisadroitinhandlingmachinery.Hesoonbecameadroitatsteeringtheboat.antonym:maladroit.mldritadj.笨拙的unon/onreturningtotheairport:assoona

42、shereturnedtotheairport/themomenthereturnedtotheairportEg:一听到这个消息我就哭了Onhearingthenews,Icried.unleashv.release;releasefromaleash;turnlooseorfreefromrestraint解开,释放,解除.的束缚e.g.Goatonce,orIwillunleashmydogonyou.Antonym:leashn.(系狗的)皮带,限制,约束v.用皮带限制,束缚proposetodosth:toplanorintendtodosthe.g.Heproposedtobuyandrunafarm.Thecommitteeproposedthatnewlegislationshouldbedrafted.OnChrismasEvethatyear,Paul,abusinessmanager,proposedtoher.proposalprpuzln.求婚,建议,提议