最新安全仪表系统简介PPT课件.ppt

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1、安全仪表系统简介安全仪表系统简介lControl loops 控制回路控制回路 DCS lMonitoring functions 检测功能检测功能DCSlInterlocks needed for smooth operation DCS,(ESD)顺利运行所需的连锁顺利运行所需的连锁lInterlocks related to plant Safety ESD与装置安全有关的连锁与装置安全有关的连锁TherearedifferentE&Ifunctions电仪功能各不相同功能各不相同2004-04-28 U.Schuenemann2Commissioning test of E&I SIS

2、PassiveFaultsofsensorsandactuators传感器和致动器的无源故障传感器和致动器的无源故障mass flow meter mass flow meter after pressure after pressure pulsepulse压力脉冲下游的压力脉冲下游的质量流量计质量流量计lost control valve plugcontrol valve plug,damaged by cavitationrestriction orifice,deformed by flow限流孔板限流孔限流孔板限流孔板,流量造成的变形流量造成的变形调节阀阀塞调节阀阀塞,空穴造成的损

3、坏空穴造成的损坏2004-04-28 U.Schuenemann9Commissioning test of E&I SISSomemathematics一些算法一些算法TITest Interval between functional tests of SIS,time needed to discover dangerous faults SISSIS功能测试之间的时间间隔功能测试之间的时间间隔,发现危险故发现危险故障需要的时间障需要的时间MTBFMean Time Between Failure of an equipment 设备故障之间的平均时间设备故障之间的平均时间l=1/MTB

4、Ffailure rate 故障率故障率Pf(t)Probability of failure(to function).For constantfailure rates l:Pf(t)=(1 e-l t)故障概率故障概率(对功能而言对功能而言).).恒定故障率恒定故障率 l:Pl:Pf f(t)=(1 e(t)=(1 e-l t-l t)PFDProbability of Failure on Demand=Pf(t),time averaged over test interval TI 指令故障概率指令故障概率=P=Pf f(t),(t),时间间隔时间间隔TITI的平均的平均时间时间

5、PFD=1/TI 0TI Pf(t)dt2004-04-28 U.Schuenemann10Commissioning test of E&I SISPFDProbabilityofFailureonDemandPFD指令故障概率指令故障概率 ProbabilityPf(t)forfindingequipmentindangerousfaultstateaftertimethaspassedsincelastfunctionaltest自上次功能自上次功能试验以以来来经过时间t后后,发现设备处在危在危险故障状故障状态的概的概率率.Pf(t)=(1 e-l t)time average 时间平均

6、值时间平均值PFD Probability of Failure on demandPFDPFDPFDPFD指令故障概率指令故障概率指令故障概率指令故障概率PFD depends on failure rate of equipment AND test interval.PFD取决于设备取决于设备ANDAND试验间隔的故障率试验间隔的故障率2004-04-28 U.Schuenemann11Commissioning test of E&I SISCalculationofPFDPFD的的计算算lPFD calculation of an individual equipment easy,

7、if you havetest interval failure rate (given by supplier)如有如有试验间隔和故障率隔和故障率(供供货方提供方提供),则某个某个设备的的PFD计算就不算就不难lPFD-calculation for more complex configurations(2oo3 etc.)can be done using simple statistical models:Good for comparing different configurations.用用简单的的统计模型可模型可进行行较复复杂的配置的配置(2003等等)的的PFD计算算lFor

8、 SIS:PFD of field domain and control domain must be added.对于于SIS:必必须加上磁加上磁场域和控制域的域和控制域的PFD PFDSIS=PFDsensor +PFDPLC+PFDactuator 2004-04-28 U.Schuenemann12Commissioning test of E&I SISCalculationofPFDtheproblemsPFD的的计算算问题lPFD data for field instruments usually not very reliable(not experimentally ver

9、ified for chemical environment).用于用于现场仪表的表的PFD数据通常不是很可靠数据通常不是很可靠(对于化学于化学环境未境未经试验验证).lContribution to Failure Probability(PFD):对故障概率故障概率的影响因素的影响因素lcalculated values for PFD:often not very accurate.lPFD计算算值:经常不太准常不太准Field InstrumentsField Instruments85%85%现场仪表现场仪表Logic SolverLogic Solver(failsafe PLC(

10、failsafe PLC)15%15%逻辑解答器逻辑解答器(故障保护故障保护PLC)PLC)2004-04-28 U.Schuenemann13Commissioning test of E&I SIS“SIL”requirementsforSISSIS的的“SIL”要求要求Safety Integrity Level(SIL)安全一体化水安全一体化水平平Probability of Failure on Demand(PFD)指令故障概率指令故障概率1 0.10 -0.01operating and monitoring functions 运行和运行和检测功能功能20.01-0.001SI

11、S(“Class A functions”)SIS(“A级功能功能”)30.001-0.00014 0.0001can not be realized by means of E&I functions alone不能不能仅靠靠电仪功功能来能来实现ForSIS:internationalandBASFstandardsrequestSIL2orSIL3.对于于SIS:国国际标准和巴斯夫准和巴斯夫标准要求准要求SIL2或或SIL3.2004-04-28 U.Schuenemann14Commissioning test of E&I SISHowtomeet“SIL”requirements如何

12、如何满足足“SIL”要求要求 1.RightInstruments:fromBASFstandardlist(fieldproven)orcertified2.仪表正确表正确:来自巴斯夫来自巴斯夫标准清准清单或核准者或核准者(SIL2,TUVcertificate,)Deviceswithoutsystematicdesignormanufacturingerrorswhichcanleadtocommonfailureofredundantchannelsatthesametime.3.2.RightDesign:Redundancy,Diversity.Usedesigntypicalsi

13、nBASFstandard.4.设计正确正确:冗余冗余,多多样性性.采用巴斯夫采用巴斯夫标准中的典型准中的典型设计5.Redundant(anddiverse)channelsofsensorsandactuatorsmakesystemtolerantagainstsinglepassiveandactivefaults.6.3.Testing,Maintenance:performcommissioningtestandperiodicfunctionalprooftestsofSIS.7.测试,维护:进行行SIS调试试验和定期的功能和定期的功能验证试验8.Inordertodiscove

14、rpassivefaultsofSIS.Testintervaldependsondesign.9.2004-04-28 U.Schuenemann15Commissioning test of E&I SISBASFGlobalStandardLists巴斯巴斯夫全球夫全球标准清准清单BASFs Standard DevicesBASFs Standard Deviceshave passed extensive laboratory have passed extensive laboratory testing acc.to IEC770 at BASF,testing acc.to I

15、EC770 at BASF,Ludwigshafen.Ludwigshafen.are field-proven in non-safety related are field-proven in non-safety related applications.applications.have shown no passive fault during field have shown no passive fault during field testing (at least 10 devices monitored testing (at least 10 devices monito

16、red for 1 year).for 1 year).巴斯夫的标准装置巴斯夫的标准装置已通过广泛的实验室试验已通过广泛的实验室试验,符合路德维希符合路德维希港巴斯夫港巴斯夫IEC770IEC770标准标准.在相关危险应用中经过现场验证在相关危险应用中经过现场验证.在现场测试中未出现无源故障在现场测试中未出现无源故障 (至少至少1010台台装置被检测了一年装置被检测了一年).).2004-04-28 U.Schuenemann16Commissioning test of E&I SISDesign:TypicalsforSIL2andSIL3设计:SIL2和和SIL3的典型之的典型之处SIL

17、2:lsinglechanneldesign1oo1canbeusedl12monthtestintervall可使用可使用单信道信道设计1oo1l12个月的个月的试验间隔隔SIL3:SIL3:single channel design not allowed single channel design not allowed at least:2 sensors(1oo2)and 2 at least:2 sensors(1oo2)and 2 actuators.actuators.12 month test interval.12 month test interval.不允许单信道设计不

18、允许单信道设计至少至少2 2个传感器个传感器(1(1oo2)oo2)和和2 2个致动器个致动器1212个月的试验间隔个月的试验间隔2004-04-28 U.Schuenemann17Commissioning test of E&I SISPFDofdifferentArchitectures不同不同结构的构的PFDWhats the best configuration:1oo1,1oo2,2oo2,2oo3,2oo4,?最佳最佳组态是什么是什么?Consider:“failure on demand”-rate(affects plant safety)“false trip”-rate(

19、affects plant availability)须考考虑:“指令故障指令故障”率率(影响装置安全影响装置安全)“误跳跳闸”率率(影响装置可用率影响装置可用率)plant safety plant safety 装置安全率装置安全率装置安全率装置安全率plant availability plant availability 装置可用率装置可用率装置可用率装置可用率HigherHigher高高LowerLower低低2oo22oo2/2oo41oo12oo31oo31oo2/2oo42oo31oo31oo21oo12004-04-28 U.Schuenemann18Commissionin

20、g test of E&I SISCommissioning&ProofTestingofE&IS.I.S.安全仪表系统的调试及试验安全仪表系统的调试及试验All International and BASF standards for SIS require a All International and BASF standards for SIS require a documented testsdocumented tests所有有关的国际标准或所有有关的国际标准或BASFBASF标准均要求对安全仪表系统进行有文档标准均要求对安全仪表系统进行有文档记录的测试记录的测试lperiodi

21、c proof tests periodic proof tests 周期性的试验周期性的试验lcommissioning test before startup commissioning test before startup 开车前的调试开车前的调试 Objective for Commissioning Test:Objective for Commissioning Test:调试的目的是为了检查：调试的目的是为了检查：design according to Safety Review 2 design according to Safety Review 2 设计遵照安全风险评估第

22、二步所要求设计遵照安全风险评估第二步所要求installation ok installation ok 安装正确安装正确parameter settings ok parameter settings ok 参数设置无误参数设置无误function of instruments(sensors and actuators)ok function of instruments(sensors and actuators)ok 仪表功能（传感器仪表功能（传感器,执行器）均正确无误执行器）均正确无误logic action correct logic action correct 逻辑动作正确逻辑

23、动作正确Commissioning test of S.I.S.will be main task for CTA PM during Commissioning test of S.I.S.will be main task for CTA PM during commissioning of missioning of plants.在装置调试期间，安全仪表系统的调试是电仪经理的主要任务在装置调试期间，安全仪表系统的调试是电仪经理的主要任务2004-04-28 U.Schuenemann19Commissioning test of E&I SISResponsibilities 职责职责

24、CTA manager CTACTA经理经理Plant Manager装置经装置经理理Project team项目项目组组prepare prepare procedures procedures for for commissioning commissioning testtest准备调试步骤准备调试步骤XXapprove approve procedure for procedure for commissioning commissioning testtest调试的批准手调试的批准手续续XXcarrying out carrying out the the commissioning

25、 commissioning testtest调试的实施调试的实施XResponsibilitiesforCommissioningTest调试试验的责任调试试验的责任2004-04-28 U.Schuenemann20Commissioning test of E&I SISCTAprocedureforSISCommissioningTestSIS调试试验的的CTA程序程序Status:状态状态Draft of CTA procedure completed CTA测试步骤草案测试步骤草案已完成已完成“Commissioning and Periodic Proof Test of E&I

26、 SIS”安全仪表系统的调试及周期性试验安全仪表系统的调试及周期性试验lhow to perform commissioning test and periodic proof test 如何进行调试及周期性试验如何进行调试及周期性试验lsample test procedures and check forms 取样测试步骤及检查表格取样测试步骤及检查表格ldefinition of responsibilities between PM,Project team,Operation department 关于装置维护组关于装置维护组，项目组、运行部门的职责的定义项目组、运行部门的职责的定义

27、2004-04-28 U.Schuenemann21Commissioning test of E&I SISLabelingofSISSIS的的标签SISandtheircomponents(transmitter,powersupply,I/Ocardofalogicsolver)shallbeclearlymarkedinthedocumentation(Z)inthefield(Z)SIS及其及其组分分(变送器送器,电源源,逻辑解答器的解答器的I/O插插件件)在文件和在文件和现场(Z)中均清楚地加以中均清楚地加以标出出.2004-04-28 U.Schuenemann22Commissioning test of E&I SIS Thank you for your attentionDANKE2004-04-28 U.Schuenemann23Commissioning test of E&I SIS结束语结束语谢谢大家聆听！谢谢大家聆听！24