专业英语四级高频词汇分析.doc
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1、abandon, desert, forsake, leave, give up这些动词或词组均含“抛弃、放弃”之意abandon :强调永远或完全放弃或抛弃人或事物等,这可能是被迫的,也可能是自愿的。eg:1. Jackson has abandoned his old car. 杰克逊把他那辆旧车扔了。 2. She abandoned her husband and children and went off with another man. 她抛弃了自己的丈夫和孩子, 跟另外一个男人跑了。desert :着重指违背法律责任和义务,或自己的信仰与誓言的行为,多含非难的意味。eg: 1.
2、 Many soldiers deserted during the battle. 在那次战斗中许多士兵开小差了。 2. Never desert a friend in need. 绝不要抛弃有困难的朋友。forsake :侧重断绝感情上的依恋,自愿抛弃所喜欢的人或物。也指抛弃信仰或改掉恶习。 eg: He was forsaken by his friends. 他被朋友们背弃了。leave :普通用词,指舍弃某事或某一职业,或终止同一某人的关系,但不涉及动机与果。eg: I have left my job which made me crazy. 我已经辞掉了那份让我抓狂的工作了。g
3、ive up :普通用语,侧重指没有希望或因外界压力而放弃。eg: The doctors gave my uncle up, but he lived. 医生们认为我叔叔的病无法治好,但他却活了下来ability, capacity, capability, genius, talent, competence, faculty, gift, aptitude这些名词均可表示人的“能力,才能”之意。ability:普通用词,指人先天的或学来的各种能力。eg: 1. The ability to use a language can be acquired by the ct of using
4、 the language. 运用语言的能力只能能通过不断练习才能获得。 2. His ability is limited. 他的能力有限。capacity :侧重指人的潜在能力,通常不指体力,多指才智,尤指接受与领悟能力。eg: 1.Their reasoning capacity must be developed. 他们的推理能力必须加以培养。 2. His capacity of accepting knowledge helps him to be the top student in his class. 他接受知识的能力使得他成为班里的第一名。capability :多用于人,
5、指胜任某项具体工作的能力,也指本身具有、尚未发挥的潜在能力。常与of或for连用。eg: 1. Not by age but by capacity is wisdom acquired. 智慧的获得是依靠才能而不是年龄。 2. The little girl has great capability as a singer and should be trained. 这个小女孩很有当歌手的才能,应该加以训练。genius:语气最强,指天赋的高度才能与智力。eg: 1. Mozart showed genius even at the age of six, when he began to
6、 compose minuets. 莫扎特六岁时就开始创作小步舞曲, 展露才华。 2. Einstein was a mathematical genius. 爱因斯坦是数学天才。talent:着重指人某方面具有可发展和倍养的突出天赋才能,但语意比genius弱。eg: 1. He was a man of many talents. 他是一个多才多艺的人。 2. There was a lot of talent in this company. 这个公司有很多人才。competence:正式用词,侧重指令人满意的业务能力与水平,达到胜任某项工作等的要求。eg: We knew her co
7、mpetence in solving peoblems. 我们都是知道她解决问题的能力。faculty:指特殊的才能或智力。eg: An unerring faculty for detecting hypocrisy is one of her most useful attributes. 能无误地看出伪善的能力是她身上最有用的特征之一。gift:着重个人的天赋的才能或在某方面的显著本领,常暗含不能用一般规律作解释的意味。eg: 1. Her tactfulness is a remarkable gift. 她的机敏是一种非凡的天赋。 2. This diplomat possesse
8、d an excellent gift for repartee. 这位外交官具有卓越的应对才能。aptitude:多指先天或后天习得的运用自如的能力,常暗示接受能力强,能迅速掌握一种学术训练或艺术技巧。eg: That student has an aptitude for mathematics. 那个学生有数学方面的天赋。able, capable, competent这些形容词均含有“有能力的,能干的”之意1) able :最常用词,多用于褒义,着重指多方面的,经常性的,或潜在性的能力。有时也指高超、非凡的能力。eg: 1. Most children are able to walk
9、 before they are able to talk.(多数孩子在会说话前就会走路。) 2. The patient was soon able to sit up.(病人很快就能坐起来了。)2)capable :语气弱于able,指有能力、有潜力或有条件做某事,常与of连用。eg: 1.He is a manager capable of leadership.(他是个富有领导才能的经理。) 2.Jim is capable at sports.(吉姆擅长运动。)3)competent :强调具有能胜任某项工作的足够技能或其它所需的条件。eg: 1. He did a competen
10、t job.(他的工作做得相当出色。) 2. He is competent to do it.(他能做这件事。)abolish, cancel, repeal 这些动词均含“取消、废除”之意1)abolish :正式用词,指彻底废除某种制度、规章或习俗。eg: 1.The Americans abolished slavery in 1863.(美国于1863年废除奴隶制度。) 2.Do abolish this kind of bad evil.(一定要废除这种恶劣习俗。)2)cancel :用法广泛,多指取消债务、合同、证书、比赛、旅行、计划或约会等。eg: 1. He cancelle
11、d his order for the goods.(他取消了货物订单。) 2. We were all disappointed to learn that the picnic had been cancelled.(我们得知这次野餐已经取消, 都感到很失望。)3)repeal:书面用词,指撤销立法机关通过的协议、法案或法律等。eg: The Labour Party repealed the Act.(工党废除了那项法令。)about, around, round1)表示“在周围”,三者常可互换。如:eg:They sat about round, around the fire.(他们
12、围火而坐。)注:在现代英语中,about 用于这种情况已不多见。2)表示“到处”,三者常可互换。如:eg:He traveled about / round / around the world.(他周游了全世界。)3)用在数字之前表示“大约”,一般用about 或around。如:eg: 1.It costs about / around ten dollars.(它大约要花10 美元。) 2.There are about / around 30 bookstores in the city.(这座城里大约有30 家书店。)注:在英国英语中,在表示时间的词组里也可用round。eg: 1.
13、He arrived about / round / around 5 oclock.(他是大约5点钟到的。) 2.Ill be back about / round / around lunch time.(我午饭前后回来。)4)表示把某物分给一群人中的每一个时,可用round 或around,而不用about。eg: Will you hand round / around the papers?(请你把考卷分发一下,好吗?)above, on, over 这些前置词均含“在上”之意。1)above :一般指位置高于某物,但不一定在正上方,也不接触另一物,其反义词是below。eg: 1.
14、The aeroplane was flying a few feet above the sea.( 飞机正在距海面几英尺的低空飞行。) 2.The chorus was seated above the orchestra.(合唱队的座位高于乐队席。)2)on :指与另一物表面相接触。eg: That book on the desk is an atlas.(桌上的那本书是地图册。)3)over :指一物在另一物的垂直上方,多暗示悬空,但也含“覆盖于之上”之意。其反义词是under。eg:1.There is a lamp over the table.(桌子正上方有一盏灯。) 2.Th
15、e clouds are right over us.(这云在我们的头顶上。)absorb, suck, digest, incorporate这些动词均有“吸收”之意。1)absorb :普通用词,词义广泛,既可指吸收光、热、液体等具体东西,又可指吸收知识等抽象概念的东西。eg: 1.Dry earth absorbs water quickly.(干土吸水很快。) 2.You should absorb lots of knowledge when you are young.(你应该在年轻的时候多吸收知识。)2)suck :作“吸收”解时,可与absorb换用,但还可有“吮吸”之意。eg
16、: 1.He sucked hard for air to keep breathing.(他拼命吸气以维持呼吸。) 2.The baby was sucking its mothers breast.(婴儿正在吮吸母乳。)3)digest :侧重在消化道内改变食物的化学结构后被人体吸收。eg: 1.Cheese doesnt digest easily.(乳酪不易消化。) 2.I just cannot digest eggs.(我吃鸡蛋就不能消化。)4)incorporate :指一物或多物与它物相融合,形成一整体。eg: 1.The factory incorporates with o
17、thers.(这家工厂与别家合并了。) 2.The shopping centre also incorporates a library and a bank.(商业中心还包括一家银行和absurd, ridiculous 这两个形容词均含有“荒谬的”之意1)absurd :普通用词,强调指违背常理的荒谬。eg: 1.What an absurd suggestion!(多么荒唐的建议!) 2.It was absurd of you to do such a thing.(你做那样的事是愚蠢的。)2)ridiculous :强调荒谬到令人发笑的地步。eg: 1.It is ridiculo
18、us to dispute about such things.(争论这样的事情是可笑的。) 2.Its ridiculous that we should have to queue, when we have already got our tickets.(我们已经拿到了票, 居然还要排队, 未免可笑。)一家图书馆。)abundant, plentiful, ample这些形容词均有“充分的、丰富的”之意。1)abundant :着重某物极为丰富有或大量的供应。eg: 1.Rainfall is abundant in the region.(该地区降雨丰沛。) 2.Chinais ab
19、undant with natural resources.(中国自然资源丰富。)2)plentiful :普通用词,指某物的数量多得称心如意,不过剩,但较少用于描写抽象之物。eg: 1.Their family has a plentiful harvest this year.( 他们家今年又丰收了。) 2.Fruit is plentiful this year.(今年水果很多。)3)ample :指某物不仅满足了需要而且有余。eg: 1.The sun was setting fast, but there was still ample light.(夕阳西下,天色很快暗下来,但是还
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