定语从句专项练习题及详解.doc

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1、 定于从句讲解和训练 定于从句是高中重点知识，也是高考常考点， 定语从句在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。关系副词有：when, where, why等。一 关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。1)who, whom, that这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中作主语和宾语。例如

2、：Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 2) whose 用来指人或物，(只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换)。例如：They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 3)which, that所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。 二 关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。1)关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于介词+ which结构，因此常常和介词+ which结构交替使用。

3、例如：There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 2)that代替关系副词，可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和介+which引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略。例如：His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born. 三 判断关系代词与关系副词方法一： 用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词;而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如：This is the mou

4、ntain village where I stayed last year. 这是我去年呆过的山村。 判断改错：(错) This is the mountain village where I visited last year. 方法二： 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状)，也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。例1. Is this museum _ you visited a few days age?A. whereB. that C. on which D. the oneB. 关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词(who

5、, whom, that, which, whose); 先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词 ( where 地点状语，when 时间状语，why 原因状语) 。四 限制性和非限制性定语从句1) 定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确;非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。例如：This is the house which we bought last month. 这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。(限制性）2) )The house, which we bought last mo

6、nth, is very nice. 3) 非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。例如：He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me.说明：关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。五 介词+关系词1)介词后面的关系词不能省略。 2)that前不能有介词。3)某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的介词+关系词结构可以同关系副词when 和where 互换。例如：This is the house in which I lived two

7、 years ago. 。 This is the house where I lived two years ago. 六 as, which 非限定性定语从句由as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句，as和which可代整个主句，相当于and this或and that。As一般放在句首，which在句中。例如：As we know, smoking is harmful to ones health. 如我们所知，吸烟有害健康。The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us. as 和which在引导非限制性定语从句时，这

8、两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思，且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。但不同之处主要有两点：(1)as 引导的定语从句可置于句首，而which不可。(2) as 代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语必须是系动词;若为行为动词，则从句中的关系代词只能用which。 (3) the sameas;suchas 中的as 是一种固定结构, 和一样。例如：I have got into the same trouble as he (has). 我碰到了跟他一样的麻烦。七 关系代词that 的用法1)不用that的情况 a) 引导非限定性定语从句时。例如：(错)The tree, th

9、at is four hundred years old, is very famous here.b) 介词后不能用。例如：We depend on the land from which we get our food. 我们依赖土地获得食物。 2) 只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况 a)在不定代词，如：anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行词时，只用that，不用which。b)先行词有the only, the very修饰时，只用that。c)先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that。

10、.d)先行词既有人，又有物时。例如：All that is needed is a supply of oil. 所需的只是供油问题。Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police. 那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察。 定语从句专项练习题及详解 1.the place _interested me most was the childrens palace.a. which b. where c. what d. in which2.do you know the man _?a. whom i spo

11、ke b. to who spoke c. i spoke to d. that i spoke3.this is the hotel _last month.a. which they stayed b. at that they stayedc. where they stayed at d. where they stayed4.do you know the year _the chinese communist party was founded?a. which b. that c. when d. on which5.that is the day _ill never forg

12、et.a. which b. on which c. in which d. when6.the factory _well visit next week is not far from here.a. where b. to which c. which d. in which7.great changes have taken place since then in the factory _we are working.a. where b. that c. which d. there8.this is one of the best films _.a. that have bee

13、n shown this year b. that have shownc. that has been shown this year d. that you talked9.can you lend me the book _the other day?a. about which you talked b. which you talkedc. about that you talked d. that you talked10.the pen _he is writing is mine.a. with which b. in which c. on which d. by which

14、11.they arrived at a farmhouse, in front of _sat a small boy.a. whom b. who c. which d. that12.the engineer _my father works is about 50 years old.a. to whom b. on whom c. with which d. with whom13.it there anyone in your class _family is in the country?a. who b. whos c. which d. whose14.im interest

15、ed in _you have said.a. all that b. all what c. that d. which15.i want to use the same dictionary _was used yesterday.a. which b. who c. what d. as16.he isnt such a man _he used to be.a. who b. whom c. that d. as17.he is good at english, _we all know.a. that b. as c. whom d. what18.li ming, _to the

16、concert enjoyed it very much.a. i went with b. with whom i went c. with who i went d.i went with him19.i dont like _ as you read.a. the novels b. the such novels c. such novels d. same novels20.he talked a lot about things and persons _they remembered in the school.a. which b. that c. whom d. what21

17、.the letter is from my sister, _is working in beijing.a. which b. that c. whom d. who22.in our factory there are 2,000 workers, two thirds of _are women.a. them b. which c. whom d. who23.youre the only person _ive ever met _could do it.a. who;/ b./; whom c. whom;/ d./; who24.i lost a book, _i cant r

18、emember now.a. whose title b. its title c. the title of it d. the title of that25.last summer we visited the west lake, _hangzhou is famous in the world.a. for which b. for that c. in which d. what26.i have bought such a watch _ was advertised on tv.a. that b. which c. as d. it27.i can never forget

19、the day _ we worked together and the day _ we spent together.a. when; which b. which; when c. what; that d. on which; when28.the way _he looks at problems is wrong.a. which b. whose c. what d./29.this is the reason _he didnt come to the meeting.a. in which b. with which c. that d. for which30.this m

20、achine, _for many years, is still working perfectly.a. after which i have looked b. which i have looked afterc. that i have looked after d. i have looked after31.the reason _he didnt come was _he was ill.a. why; that b.that;why c. for that;that d.for which;what32.he is working hard, _will make him p

21、ass the final exam.a.that b.which c.for which d.who 注意 此部分只需印一份给老师参考答案及解析1. a. which用作关系代词，在定语从句中作主语。2c. 和谁讲话”要说speak to sb. 本题全句应为do you know the man whom i spoke to.。whom是关系代词，作介词to的宾语，可以省略。3. d. where是关系副词，表示地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。4. c. when是关系副词，表示时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。5a. which是关系代词，在从句中作forget的宾语。其他几个答案都不能作宾

22、语。6c. 解析同第5题。7. a. 解析见第3题。8. a. 本句话的先行词应该是films,因此，关系代词that是负数概念，其谓语动词应用复述的被动语态have been shown。如果句中的one前面使用了定冠词the，则the one应该视为先行词。9. a. “谈到某事物”应说talk about sth.。about是介词，其后要用which作宾语，不能用that。10. a. with which是介词+关系代词结构,常用来引导定语从句.with有用的意思,介词之后只能用which,不能用that. with which在定语从句中作状语,即he is writing wit

23、h a pen.11. c. in front of which 即in front of a farmhouse. in front of which在从句中作状语.12. d. with whom引导定语从句.with whom放在从句中即为:my father works with the engineer.13. d. whose引导定语从句,在从句中作主语family的定语.14. a. that引导定语从句,因为先行词是all,所以只能选用that引导.15. d. the same.as是固定用法, as引导定语从句时,可以作主语,宾语或表语.在本句话中,as作从句的主语.16.

24、 d. such as是固定用法,as引导定语从句时,可以作主语,宾语或表语.在本题中,as作表语.17. b. as作关系代词可以单独用来引导非限制性定语从句。这时as所指代的不是主句中某个名词，而往往指代整个主句的含义。as在从句中可以作主语、宾语。从句可放在主句后，也可置于主句前。在本句中,as作宾语.18. b. li ming enjoyed it very much是主句,with whom i went to the concert是定语从句.with whom放在从句中为:i went to the concert with li ming.19. c. as引导定语从句时通常

25、构成suchas或the sameas固定搭配，其中such和same修饰其后的名词，as为关系代词，指代其前的名词引导定语从句。 as在从句中可以作主语、表语或宾语。such修饰单数名词时,要用such a.,本题中such books, such直接修饰复数名词.20. b. things和persons是先行词.当定语从句要修饰的先行词是既表示人,又表示物的名词时,其关系代词要用that.21. d. who引导非限制性定语从句,who作从句的主语.22. c. two thirds of whom 即:two thirds of the 2,000 workers.23. d. 先行词

26、person后有两个定语从句,第一个从句省略了关系代词whom.因为, whom作从句中met的宾语,可以省略.第二个从句who could do it.who在从句中作主语,不可省略.24. a. whose title引导非限制性定语从句,whose title也可以说成the title of which25. a. for which 引导定语从句,使用介词for,是来自于从句中的固定短语 be famous for 以.而闻名.26. c. 当先行词被such修饰时,引导定语从句的关系代词要用as. as在本从句中作主语.27. a. 两个先行词the day都是表示时间的名词,但第

27、一个空白处要填的关系词在从句中作状语,因此要用关系副词when. 第二个空白处要填的关系词在从句中作动词spent的宾语,因此要用关系代词which或that来引导定语从句.28. d. 在way、distance、direction等词后的定语从句中，常用that来代替“in (或其他介词)+which”、when或where，而that常可省略。29. d. for which在定语从句中作原因状语,可用why 来替代.30. b. which i have looked after 构成一个非限制性定语从句.31. a. the reason why was that.已成为一种固定句型，这一句中的why和that不能随意换位，也不能将that改成because，尽管that这个词在译文中可能有 “因为”的含义。32. b. 非限制性定语从句常用which引导,which表示前句话的整个含义.