必修五知识点练习及答案.docx

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1、高中英语新课标五unit1常识点Greatscientists一、常识点1.Whichscientistdiscoveredthatobjectsinwaterareliftedupbyaforcethatheipsthemfloat哪位迷信家觉察了水里的货色被帮助以浮动的力举起？inwater定语，润饰objects,aforce之后又跟了个that领导的定语从句。liftup拿起，举起，升起Heliftuphislittleson,andmountedhimonthehorse.他把小亲小孩举起来，让他骑在马背上。Tocallbacktheboyfromadistance,thefathe

2、rhadtoliftuphisvoice.为了把亲小孩从远处叫返来，父亲不得不提高嗓子喊。2.Whousedpeastoshowhowphysicalcharacteristicsarepassedfromparentstotheirchildren谁用豌豆表现了躯体特点是怎样从怙恃传延到小孩的？Acharacteristicofthecamelisitsabilitytoliveforalongtimewithoutwater.骆驼的特色是不喝水也能活特不长时辰。withhischaracteristicenthusiasm以他特有的热忱Theletterpassedfromonetoano

3、theruntileveryonehadreadit.那封信逐个传阅，直到每团体都看过为止。Accordingtoherwill,whentheoldladydies,hermoneywillpasstohergrandson.按照老太太的遗瞩,她逝世时,她的钞票将遗留给她的孙子。3.Whoputforwardatheoryaboutblackholes谁提出了对于黑洞的实际？putforward提出倡议，拨快(钟等).Theyputforwardsomenewideasonthesubject.他们对谁人征询题提出了一些新的见地。put的常用词组有：putaside浪费钞票、时辰；储备；把放

4、在一边putaway贮存钞票；放好putback拨慢；放置putdown放下；记下；击败；使飞机着陆；putoff延期；推迟puton演出；穿上；戴上putout燃烧；关掉落；毁灭putthrough接通；实现putupwith忍耐；忍耐putintoaction/effect/practice实施；履行4.Whatdoyouknowaboutinfectiousdiseasessuchascholera对于沾抱病你了解什么，比如霍乱？Coldsareinfectious,andsoaresomeeyediseases.伤风是沾染的,有些眼病也是沾染的。Itsmoreusefultolearn

5、modernlanguages,suchasEnglishandGerman.进修英语跟德语等现代言语有效。5.sofamous,indeed,thatheattendedQueenVictoriatoeasethebirthofherbabies.他的确医术精深，因而成为照顾维多利亚女皇的公家医生Whichdoctorisattendingyou哪一个医生为你看病attendameetinglecture列席集会听报告,听课attendaweddingafuneral参加婚礼葬礼attendschoolchurch上学教堂ease用作动词，意思是“加重；消弭；舒缓；抓紧，表现消弭或人的苦楚时

6、用结构“easesb.ofsth.；也可以用作名词，意为“温馨；自在；不拘束；轻易。Thesepillswilleasetheheadache.这些药丸会加重头疼。Walkinghelpedtoeasehimofhispain.他散了散步加重了一些苦楚。Herwordsgaveeasetomydistractedmind.我七上八下，她的话使我宽解。ease作名词时的罕见搭配：atease抓紧；自若；不拘束be/feelatease感到温馨illatease不自在；感到拘束put/setsb.atonesease使或人感到温馨、不拘束withease轻易地；无艰苦地Thedoctorgaveh

7、imsomepainkillerstoeasethepain.医生给了他一些止疼片以减缓痛苦悲伤。Idontfeelateaseinthestrangeplace.在谁人陌生的所在，我感到特不不自在。6.peopleexposedtocholera.得了霍乱的老庶平易近是过去分词短语作后置定语，润饰people。相称于定语从句whichwereexposedtocholera。expose的意思是“裸露；揭穿；使曝光，常与介词to连用，表现“使裸露于日光、风雨等；遭到危险；使面对的意思。Thesoilwaswashedawaybytheflood,exposingbarerock.泥土被年夜水

8、冲走，显露赤裸裸的石头。Thebabywasleftexposedtothewindandrain.婴儿被弃于风雨之中。Thesoldiersintheopenfieldareexposedtotheenemysfire.旷地里的兵士裸露于朋友的火力之下。7.themostdeadlydiseaseinitsday.在事先是最致命的疾病deadlyadj.致命的,势不两破的,逝世普通的,非常的,肯定的adv.如逝世普通地,非常地；特不地Fogisthesailorsdeadlyenemy.雾是帆海者最致命的朋友。deadlyserious.极端严格8.Somanythousandsofterr

9、ifiedpeoplediedeverytimetherewasanoutbreak.每当疾病突发时，总有成千的人逝世去。本句是一个复合句，everytime领导的是一个时辰状语从句，意思是“每当，相称于“when。其余，此状语从句中另有一个“therebe结构。相似用法的副词跟短语有“directly一就,immediately一就,instantly一就,theminute一就,themoment一就,thesecond一就,each(every)time每当,nexttime下次时,thelasttime前次时等。Shewenttoseehimdirectlyshegotthelette

10、r.她一收到信就去他了。Immediatelythemealwasover,heswitchedontheradio.饭一吃完他就把收音机打开。Shecametothescenethemomentsheheardoftheaccident.她一据说发作了事变，就破刻到现场来了。Thelasttimewetalkedhesaidheneededanothertwodays.前次咱们谈话时他说他还需求两天。9.Thesecondsuggestedthatpeopleabsorbedthisdiseaseintotheirbodieswiththeirmeals.第二种见解是在用饭的时分人们把这种病

11、毒引入体内的。Isuggestthatyoudidnotcatchthe8oclocktrain,butthatyoucaughtthe8.25train.你不搭8点钟的火车,而是搭的8点25分的车。Hesuggestedgoingoutforawalk.=Hesuggestedthatwe(should)gooutforawalk.他倡议出去逛逛。absorb的意思是“接收；吸引；使一心；兼并；兼并，常用beabsorbedinsth.表现“一心于某事。Cleverchildrenabsorbknowledgeeasily.聪慧小孩轻易接收常识。Aspirinisquicklyabsorbe

12、dby/intothebody.阿司匹林特不快被躯体接收了。Heisabsorbedinhisbusiness.他一心致志的处置营业。beabsorbedby被兼并；为所接收absorbinto兼并；吸到absorbonesattention吸引或人留意absorbonestime占用或人的时辰10.theaffectedperson患者beaffectedbyheatcold中暑着凉Hewasdeeplyaffectedbymywords.他听了我的话特不受打动。11.SowhenanotheroutbreakhitLondonin1854,JohnSnowwasreadytotestthe

13、setwotheories.因而，在1854年伦敦再次迸发霍乱的时分，约翰斯诺动手准备对此停顿调研。bereadytodosth乐于做，准备做Wewereallhitbythedepression.咱们都遭到了不景气的阻碍。Priceincreaseshiteveryonespocket.物价下跌打击了每团体的钞票袋。StrikewaveshitseveralWesternEuropeancountries.歇工的海潮攻打了好几多个西欧国度。12.thecholeraoutbreakwassoseverethatmorethan500peoplehaddiedin10days.霍乱盛行得特不严

14、格，在10天之内就逝世去了500多人。severe用作描述词，当它的意思为“严格的；严正的时，跟serious邻近；当它的意思为“严格的；严厉的时，与strict邻近，常用结构besevereon(upon)/withsb.表现“对或人严格或严厉；其余它另有“猛烈的；锐利的；朴实的的意思。Thedroughtisbecomingincreasinglysevere.水灾日趋严格。Heisseverewithhischildren.跟对后代特不严厉。Youaretoosevereon(upon)theboy.你对谁人男孩太严格了。Ifeltaseverepaininthechest.我感到胸口猛

15、烈痛苦悲伤。表现“伤势严格要用severe，不用serious；但指“疾病严格时，两者都可与illness衔接。Shereceivedsevereheadinjuriesintheaccident.在事变中她的头部受了轻伤。此句弗成用seriousIwaslaidupforsixweekswithasevere/seriousillness.因为宿疾，我卧床六个礼拜。13.Themapgaveavaluableclueaboutthecauseofthedisease.这张舆图供给了一条阐明霍乱原因的特不有代价的线索。valuable的意思是“宝贵的；有特不年夜代价的；有效的；有帮助的，其名词

16、方法为value。Ihaveavaluablecollectionofpainting.我有一批特不有代价的画。Thisbookisvaluableto/forstudentsofEnglish.这本书对学英语的先生特不用。valuable,valueless,invaluable,priceless与worthless的用法区不：(1)valuable,priceless,invaluable这三个词意思一样，都表现“宝贵的；无价的的意思。priceless意思为“无价的；无价之宝的，用于增强语气，加深水平等状况；比valuable的水平更强。invaluable的意思是“无奈估价的；无价的

17、，不用于描述代价或金钞票，而是指质或质量。(2)valueless,worthless这两个词意思一样，表现“无代价的，无用的的意思，worthless是个常用词，valueless特不罕用。Thejewelisofgreatvalue,anditispriceless.这珠宝特不有代价，是无价之宝。Thisancientgoldcoinisntjustvaluable,itspriceless.这枚现代金币不只宝贵，并且无价之宝。Youradviceisinvaluabletous.你的倡议对咱们来说是特不珍贵的。Thedrawingisofnovalue,anditisworthless.

18、这画不代价，它不用。Itlookedlikegold,butinfactitwasworthless(valueless).这看起来像金子，幻想上毫无代价。14.Itseemedthewaterwastoblame.看来水是祸首祸首。blame用作动词，意为“指摘；指摘；归罪于的意思。常用结构为blamesbforsth./blamesthonsb(把某事归罪于或人)，betoblameforsth(应受指摘；对某好事应担负任)，此句就运用这种结构。Dontblameitonhim,butonme.不怪他，该怪我。Theyblamedthesecretaryforthedelayofthepl

19、an.他们见怪秘书形成计划耽搁。Thedriverwasnottoblameforthetrafficaccident.那次交通事变不该当指摘司机。blame也可用作名词，意为“义务；指摘。罕见搭配有：bear/take/accept/gettheblameforsth.对某事承担义务，lay/puttheblameforsthonsb把某事归罪于或人。Weshouldtaketheblameforourfailure.咱们应当承担掉败的义务。Weshouldntlaytheblameforourfailureonhim.咱们不该当把掉败归罪于他15.lookintothesourceofth

20、ewater考察水源lookinto考察，不雅看16.slowdown使慢上去，加快速率，加速17.inaddition其余,加之,其余，可以用在句子扫尾，可以用于句末。跟besides意思一样，但besides不克不及用在句尾。Inaddition,therewasacropfailureinmanyprovinces.其余，很多省份食粮歉收。Themanworkedhimsixteenhoursadayandbeathiminaddition.那人让他每天任务16小时，并且还打他。(2)inadditionto的意思是“除了外另有，可用于句首，也可置于句子后部，相称于besides,apa

21、rtfrom。Inadditiontogivinghimsomeadvice,Igavehimthirtydollars.我向他提出警告，又给了他30美元。Hecangettwentydollarsextraincomeeverymonthinadditiontohissalary.除人为外，他每月还可掉掉落20美元的支出。18.belinkedto与有关联link在此句顶用作动词,意为“衔接；联系，常用结构linkto/with意思是“将跟衔接或联系起来，linkup意为“衔接或衔接起来；也可用作名词，意为“环；衔接；联系；纽带。ThehighwaylinksShanghaito/withB

22、eijing.这条公路衔接上海跟北京。Arailwaylinksupthetwotowns.这两个城镇由一条铁路衔接起来。Yourstorylinksupwithhis.你所说的跟他所说得能联系的起来。Alotoflinksfittedtogetherformachain.很多链环连在一同构成链条。Oldfriendsarealinkwiththepast.老冤家是衔接旧事的纽带。(1)join指的是任何事物的开门见山衔接，衔接的水平可紧可松，还能离开之意。常用结构jointo,joinup。(2)connect指的是经过某种前言物把事物衔接起来，事物的特点还保持，常表现与技巧有关的衔接跟火车

23、、飞机等履行联运。常用结构connectwith/to。(3)combine侧重指两个或两个以上的人或事物为了独特目标而联合在一同，联合后本来部分能够仍不改动或掉其天性，常用结构combinewith。(4)unite夸年夜紧密地结成一体，含极难离开之意,常用结构unitewith。Pleasejointhispoletothatone.请把这根竿子跟那根竿子接起来。ThisflightconnectswithNewYorkone.这班飞机在纽约可接上另一班机。Weshouldcombinetheorywithpractice.咱们应当实际联系实践。Thetwobigcompaniesplan

24、tounite.两家至公司计划联合起来。19.shehadhaditdeliveredfromthepumptoherhouse她派人从水泵取水运抵家里。deliversth.tosb.把某物交付给或人deliveramessage带信,传话20.Withthisextraevidence,JohnSnowwasabletoannouncewithcertaintythatpollutedwatercarriedthedisease.有了谁人提不的证据，约翰斯诺就可以确信地发布，这种被净化了的水携带着病菌。Thecaptainannouncedthattheplanewasgoingtolan

25、d.机长发布飞机就要着陆了。ItcanbesaidwithcertaintythatEnglishisprettyimportantnowadays.可以确信地说，英语在当今社会里相称主要。21.Topreventthisfromhappeningagain,JohnSnowsuggestedthatthesourceofallwatersuppliesbeexaminedandnewmethodsofdealingwithpollutedwaterbefound.为了避免这种状况的再度发作，约翰斯诺倡议所有水源都要经过检测同时要寻四处置污水的新办法。Toprevent为表现目标的不定式短语；

26、prevent(from)doingsth意为“禁止做某事，此中prevent可与stop,keep调换；suggest表现“倡议的，其宾语从句的谓语用“should+动词本相，句中的should被省略了。22.Thewatercompanieswerealsoinstructednottoexposepeopletopollutedwateranymore.自来水公司也接到指令，不克不及在让人们打仗被净化的水了。instruct意思为“下令；唆使；嘱咐；嘱咐；教导教学常识或技巧；练习。其名词方法为instructor教师；锻练跟instruction下令；唆使；阐明。Theteacherin

27、structedhimtostartearly.老师下令他早出发Ivebeeninstructedtowaithereuntilthelecturerarrives.我掉掉落唆使在这儿比及授课老师到来。Heinstructsaclassinhistory.他教学一个班的汗青instructinReadtheinstructionsonthepocket.看一下袋子上的阐明。辨析instruct,order,demand跟direct：instruct指出准确的方法以教导；order意为“下令；demand指激烈地“请求；direct表现“唆使；希冀；听从。23.besimilarto与相似，相

28、似WhatIamgoingtosaytoyouwouldbesimilartowhatyouaregoingtotellme.我想对你说的话，相似于你想对我说的话.24.conclude用作动词，意为“终了；推论；揣摸，常用concludebydoing/withsth.表现“以而终了；concludefrom表现“从推出论断的意思，toconclude表现“最后的意思，相称于意思名词短语inconclusion。Heconcludedhisspeechwith/byreadingapoem.他朗诵一首诗终了了他的报告。Whatdoyouconcludefromthesefacts.从这些幻想

29、中你得出什么论断？Thedoctorconcludedthatthepatientsdiseasewascancer.医生判定病人患的是癌症。Toconclude/inconclusion,Iwishyouallgoodhealthandalonglife.最后,祝年夜伙儿健康短命。draw(arriveat/cometo/reach)aconclusion“得出论断，jumptoaconclusion意为“轻率地得出论断，conclusion后可接that从句。25.contribute的意思是“捐献；贡献；投稿；供给。常用短语contributeto意思是“有助于；无益于；促进。其名词为c

30、ontribution意思是“捐献：贡献：投稿，常用makeacontributionto/towards，表现“对作贡献的意思。EveryoneshouldcontributethreedollarstotheRedCross.每位工人捐了3美元给红十字会。Everyoneshouldcontributewhatheorshecanafford.年夜家都应当尽本人的才干做贡献。Ivebeenaskedtocontributeanarticletothelanguagemagazine.有人请我给那份言语杂志撰篇稿。Freshairandexercisecontributetogoodheal

31、th.新鲜氛围跟锤炼无益与健康。Doessmokingcontributedtolungcancer？抽烟会招致肺癌吗？Hemadeanoutstandingcontributiontoscience.他对迷信作出了杰出的贡献。26.apartfrom除以外(exceptfor)；除外，另有(besides)Apartfrombeingshort,Tomissmart.除了个子矮了点，Tom依然挺帅气的。Apartfromthecost,itwilltakealotoftime.除了破费钞票以外，它还需求非常多时辰。27.由make形成的词组1bemadeupof构成Twothirdsofth

32、eearthssurfaceismadeupofvastocean2makeabargainwithsb:与或人成交3makeadecision做出决议Wemustlookaheadbeforewemakeadecision.4makeadifference有阻碍,起(主要)感化5makeadivefor向猛冲Thedogmadeadiveforthebone6makeaface做鬼脸Thestudentmadeafacewhentheteacherturnedback.7makeafire生火8)makealiving营生Hebegantomakealivingbyhimselfwhenhe

33、wasten9makeapromise许愿言Fathermadeapromisetobuymeanewcomputer10makeanapologyto向负疚Heapologizedmadeanapologytoher11makefor走向，前去Theysetoffbycarandmadeforthenearesttown12)makefriends交冤家13)makeit胜利，实时抵达Afterhard-workingwemadeitatlast14)makemoney赚钞票Tomakemoneyinthenewera,followtheflowofinformation.15)makeon

34、esway扫除艰苦行进Afterthefilmendedwemadeourwayoutofcinema16)makeout认出，了解WemadeoutafigureinthedarknessItsdifficulttomakeouthisideas17makeprogress提高Withtheteachershelp，Ihavemademuchprogress18)makerepairs修缮Theyaremakingrepairsinthatbuilding19)makeroomfor给腾所在Wouldyouliketomakeroomfortheoldlady20)makesure21)ma

35、kethebed22)makethebestof只管应用Motherdidntenjoyhisjob，butshemadethebestofit23makeup构成；化妆；装扮；弥补；弥补；假造；假造GreatBritainandNorthernIrelandmakeuptheUnitedKingdomIttookhermorethanonehourtomakeupforthepartyOurlosseshavetobemadeupwithmoreloansThewholestoryismadeup24makeupfor弥补Wemustmakeupforthetimewastedbefore2

36、5makeuponesmind下决计Ihavemadeupmymindtoworkharderthanbefore26makeuseof应用Weshouldmakefulluseofthebooksinthelibrary28.allhismathematicalcalculationsledtothesameconclusion他所有的数学盘算都得出了一样的论断。leadto招致；引向；通往Theroadleadstothefootofthehill.这条路通往山足下。29.Onlyifyouputthesuntheredidthemomentsoftheotherplanetsinthes

37、kymakesense.只要你把太阳放在那儿，天空中其余行星的活动才干说地明晰。以only领导的短语作状语或状语从句放在句首时，为了增强语气，句子需求部分倒装。Onlybyworkinghardcanwesucceed.只要经过尽力任务，咱们才干取得胜利。makesense讲得通；有情理Yourstorydoesntmakesensetome.你编的故事我听不清楚。假设想表现或人所说的话或发起，没情理、行欠亨。咱们常常说：Itdoesntmakeanysense.30.Theproblemarosebecauseastronomershadnoticedthatsomeplanetsinthe

38、skyseemedtostop,movebackwardandthengoforwardinaloop.征询题发生了，因为地理学家平常觉察过，天上有些行星停顿上去，今后移动，而后再成环状向前移动。arisevi呈现；发;生起来；站起Thatquestiondidnotarise.谁人征询题不呈现。Iaroseearlyinthemorning.我每天早上起得特不早Accidentsarisefromcarelessness.疏忽粗心每每会惹起事变的发作。arisefrom由.而惹起,由.而发生;从.中发生ariseoutof由.而惹起,由.而发生;从.中发生31.Othersappearedb

39、righterattimesandlessbrightatothers.其余行星偶然看上去亮些，偶然又不怎样亮。第一个others表现otherplanets,第二个others表现othertimesattimes偶然；不断Idofeelalittlenervousattimes.我偶然的确感到有点缓和与time相干的词组atonetime意为“一度；过去曾经，用于普经过去时态；atatime意为“一次；每次；在某个时分；atalltimes意为“不断；不论何时，相称于atanytime;always。32.Sobetween1510and1514heworkedonit,gradually

40、improvinghistheoryuntilhefeltitwascomplete.因而，他在1510至1514年时期从事这项研讨，逐渐修正他的实际，直到他感到完美时为止。workon对起感化；对发作阻碍；向唱任务；使高兴；阁下Hisworkonthecauseofthediseasesisofpremierimportancetothewholeworld.他的病理研讨任务对全世界至关主要。33.Healsosuggestedthattheearthwasspinningasitwentroundthesun他还提出地球在缭绕太阳转的同时，它自身还自转，34.Hisfriendsweree

41、ntusiasticandencouragedhimtopublishhisideas,butCopernicuswascautious.他的冤家都热忱地鼓励他把他的思维公诸于世，而他却警惕稳重。Theretiredworkerisveryenthusiasticaboutneighbourhoodaffairs.谁人退休工人对里弄任务特不热情。Theschoolboysaremorecautiousnottomakeanymistakesinspellingthaneverbefore.男先生们在拼写时比平常愈加警惕,以避免发作过错。35.YetCopernicustheoryisnowth

42、ebaseonwhichallourideasoftheuniversearebuilt.然而哥白尼的实际倒是咱们宇宙不雅赖以树破的基础。36.IfyouwereNicolausCopernicus,wouldyouhavehiddenyourtheoryforsomanyyears假设你是哥白尼，你会把你的力气遮蔽特不多年么？37.Hehasdonemanyyearsofobservationstoprovehisnewtheoryistrue.他做了多年的不雅看任务来证实他的新实际是的确。amanofnoobservation不不雅看力的人carryoutobservations停顿不雅看

43、38.somebodyelsespointofview不人的不雅念39.holddiscussions停顿探讨40.makechoices做出选择41.Youmayarguewiththemandtrytopersuadethem你可以跟他们辩论同时尽力压服他们。高中英语新课标五unit1练习及参考谜底二、练习一单词拼写1.Mycomputerisinfectedwithsomesortofv_anddoestwork.2.A_fromafewfaults，heisatrustworthyteacher.3.Willyoua_theweddingceremonytomorrow4.Becare

44、ful.Donte_ittotherainorwind.5.Itsverydangeroustobee_toSARSpatientswithoutanyprotection.6.Everyoneshouldc_whatheorshecanaffordtohelpingthepoor.7.Theteachergavemev_adviceonhowtolearnEnglishwell.8.ItisyounotIamtob_forbreakingthewindow.9.Thedoctore_theboyandfoundtherewasnothingthematterwithhim.10.Kindne

45、ssisoneoftheprimeministers_(特点).11.Hebecame_(狂热的)aboutclassicalmusic.12.Youshouldnotr_theinvitationfromyouroldfriend.13.Bec_whenyoucrossthestreet.14.Hefinishedhisworkina_(踊跃的)way.15.Waterandsaltare_(接收)intoourbloodstreameveryday.二英汉互译1.Thesoilwaswashedawaybytheflood,exposingbarerock.2.咱们得研讨一下歇工的缘故.3

46、.Fromhisappearancewemayconcludthatheisaheavysmoker。4.那次交通事变不该当指摘司机5.咱们的英语老师对咱们请求严厉。6.伤风是沾染的,有些眼病也是沾染的。7.Wemusttakeascientificapproachtotheproblem.8.只要经过尽力任务，咱们才干取得胜利。9.Immediatelythemealwasover,heswitchedontheradio.10.我想对你说的话，相似于你想对我说的话.三单项选择1.Thebuilding_inourschoolisforourteachers,thoughthereisnoisemostoftheday,westillfeelhappyaboutit.AbuiltBhavingbeenbuiltCtobebuiltDbeingbuilt2.Theoldman,_abroadfor20years,isonthewaybacktohismotherland.AtoworkBworkingCtohaveworkedDhavingworked