2022年2019年高考生物总复习400个易错知识点归纳总结 .pdf
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1、12019 年高考生物总复习400 个易错知识点归纳总结1.病毒基因整合到宿主细胞DNA 上属于基因重组2.能用显微镜观察到的:染色体结构变异3.低温诱导染色体数目变化:用酒精洗卡诺氏液4.观察 DNA 和 RNA 在细胞中的分布实验:染色后用吸水纸吸取5.50洗去浮色6.观察细胞有丝分裂:用清水漂洗防止解离过度7.胰岛素:分泌蛋白8.神经递质:小分子9.鲜重:元素含量最多:O 鲜重/人体活细胞:原子个数最多:H 10.含量最多的化合物:水含量最多的有机物:蛋白质11.有机物:由C、H、O组成,常见的有:蛋白质、脂肪、维生素、葡萄糖不是有机物的是:水、无机盐等12.钠离子、氯离子维持细胞外液渗
2、透压钾离子维持细胞内液渗透压13.糖类水解为单糖,完全氧化分解为水和二氧化碳14.肝糖原:升降血糖肌糖原:降血糖干重:元素含量最多:C 特殊:脂肪细胞:含量最多的有机物是脂肪215.蔗糖=葡萄糖+果糖乳糖=葡萄糖+半乳糖16.每形成一个二硫键减少2 个 H 17.设有 n 个氨基酸,m条链(R基除外)则:C原子数=2n,N原子数=n H原子数=2(m+n),O 原子数=m+n 18.无机盐的作用:(1)构成细胞中的某些重要化合物(2)维持正常生命活动(3)维持细胞的渗透压和酸碱平衡,从而维持细胞的正常形态和功能19.细胞膜主要由脂质和蛋白质组成20.细胞膜的功能(1)将细胞与外界环境分隔开(2
3、)控制物质进出细胞(3)进行细胞间的信息交流21.细胞间信息交流的方式种类距离激素、神经递精 子 和 卵 细胞间连丝(高文档编码:CR10K10T10A6X7 HG10W4E10T7R7 ZK5J9L2H6P3文档编码:CR10K10T10A6X7 HG10W4E10T7R7 ZK5J9L2H6P3文档编码:CR10K10T10A6X7 HG10W4E10T7R7 ZK5J9L2H6P3文档编码:CR10K10T10A6X7 HG10W4E10T7R7 ZK5J9L2H6P3文档编码:CR10K10T10A6X7 HG10W4E10T7R7 ZK5J9L2H6P3文档编码:CR10K10T10
4、A6X7 HG10W4E10T7R7 ZK5J9L2H6P3文档编码:CR10K10T10A6X7 HG10W4E10T7R7 ZK5J9L2H6P3文档编码:CR10K10T10A6X7 HG10W4E10T7R7 ZK5J9L2H6P3文档编码:CR10K10T10A6X7 HG10W4E10T7R7 ZK5J9L2H6P3文档编码:CR10K10T10A6X7 HG10W4E10T7R7 ZK5J9L2H6P3文档编码:CR10K10T10A6X7 HG10W4E10T7R7 ZK5J9L2H6P3文档编码:CR10K10T10A6X7 HG10W4E10T7R7 ZK5J9L2H6P3
5、文档编码:CR10K10T10A6X7 HG10W4E10T7R7 ZK5J9L2H6P3文档编码:CR10K10T10A6X7 HG10W4E10T7R7 ZK5J9L2H6P3文档编码:CR10K10T10A6X7 HG10W4E10T7R7 ZK5J9L2H6P3文档编码:CR10K10T10A6X7 HG10W4E10T7R7 ZK5J9L2H6P3文档编码:CR10K10T10A6X7 HG10W4E10T7R7 ZK5J9L2H6P3文档编码:CR10K10T10A6X7 HG10W4E10T7R7 ZK5J9L2H6P3文档编码:CR10K10T10A6X7 HG10W4E10T
6、7R7 ZK5J9L2H6P3文档编码:CR10K10T10A6X7 HG10W4E10T7R7 ZK5J9L2H6P3文档编码:CR10K10T10A6X7 HG10W4E10T7R7 ZK5J9L2H6P3文档编码:CR10K10T10A6X7 HG10W4E10T7R7 ZK5J9L2H6P3文档编码:CR10K10T10A6X7 HG10W4E10T7R7 ZK5J9L2H6P3文档编码:CR10K10T10A6X7 HG10W4E10T7R7 ZK5J9L2H6P3文档编码:CR10K10T10A6X7 HG10W4E10T7R7 ZK5J9L2H6P3文档编码:CR10K10T10
7、A6X7 HG10W4E10T7R7 ZK5J9L2H6P3文档编码:CR10K10T10A6X7 HG10W4E10T7R7 ZK5J9L2H6P3文档编码:CR10K10T10A6X7 HG10W4E10T7R7 ZK5J9L2H6P3文档编码:CR10K10T10A6X7 HG10W4E10T7R7 ZK5J9L2H6P3文档编码:CR10K10T10A6X7 HG10W4E10T7R7 ZK5J9L2H6P3文档编码:CR10K10T10A6X7 HG10W4E10T7R7 ZK5J9L2H6P3文档编码:CR10K10T10A6X7 HG10W4E10T7R7 ZK5J9L2H6P3
8、文档编码:CR10K10T10A6X7 HG10W4E10T7R7 ZK5J9L2H6P3文档编码:CR10K10T10A6X7 HG10W4E10T7R7 ZK5J9L2H6P3文档编码:CR10K10T10A6X7 HG10W4E10T7R7 ZK5J9L2H6P3文档编码:CR10K10T10A6X7 HG10W4E10T7R7 ZK5J9L2H6P3文档编码:CR10K10T10A6X7 HG10W4E10T7R7 ZK5J9L2H6P3文档编码:CR10K10T10A6X7 HG10W4E10T7R7 ZK5J9L2H6P3文档编码:CR10K10T10A6X7 HG10W4E10T
9、7R7 ZK5J9L2H6P3文档编码:CR10K10T10A6X7 HG10W4E10T7R7 ZK5J9L2H6P3文档编码:CR10K10T10A6X7 HG10W4E10T7R7 ZK5J9L2H6P3文档编码:CR10K10T10A6X7 HG10W4E10T7R7 ZK5J9L2H6P3文档编码:CR10K10T10A6X7 HG10W4E10T7R7 ZK5J9L2H6P3文档编码:CR10K10T10A6X7 HG10W4E10T7R7 ZK5J9L2H6P3文档编码:CR10K10T10A6X7 HG10W4E10T7R7 ZK5J9L2H6P3文档编码:CR10K10T10
10、A6X7 HG10W4E10T7R7 ZK5J9L2H6P3文档编码:CR10K10T10A6X7 HG10W4E10T7R7 ZK5J9L2H6P3文档编码:CR10K10T10A6X7 HG10W4E10T7R7 ZK5J9L2H6P33质胞、效应T 细胞等植物)特征随血液到达全身各处,与靶细胞的细胞膜表面的受体结合,将信息传递给靶细胞相邻两个细胞的 细 胞 膜 接触,信息从一个细胞传递给另一个细胞相邻两个细胞之 间 形 成 通道,携带信息的遗传物质通过通道进入另一个细胞是否需要载体是是否22.易混点原生质:细胞膜、细胞质、细胞核细胞质:细胞膜以内,细胞核以外的胶状物质原生质体:植物细胞去
11、掉细胞壁之后剩下的部分原生质层:细胞膜、液泡膜以及两层膜之间的细胞质基质细胞质基质、叶绿体基质、线粒体基质(三者之间组成成分不同、所含酶不同、功能不同)22.线粒体:内膜突起形成嵴,增大了膜面积23.叶绿体:有许多类囊体堆积成基粒,增大了膜面积24.电子显微镜下才能观察到:双层膜结构,核糖体25.动植物最主要的区别是有无细胞壁文档编码:CA7J5L3F3B4 HZ5M8L9D6F2 ZZ3R10U10X5G3文档编码:CA7J5L3F3B4 HZ5M8L9D6F2 ZZ3R10U10X5G3文档编码:CA7J5L3F3B4 HZ5M8L9D6F2 ZZ3R10U10X5G3文档编码:CA7J5
12、L3F3B4 HZ5M8L9D6F2 ZZ3R10U10X5G3文档编码:CA7J5L3F3B4 HZ5M8L9D6F2 ZZ3R10U10X5G3文档编码:CA7J5L3F3B4 HZ5M8L9D6F2 ZZ3R10U10X5G3文档编码:CA7J5L3F3B4 HZ5M8L9D6F2 ZZ3R10U10X5G3文档编码:CA7J5L3F3B4 HZ5M8L9D6F2 ZZ3R10U10X5G3文档编码:CA7J5L3F3B4 HZ5M8L9D6F2 ZZ3R10U10X5G3文档编码:CA7J5L3F3B4 HZ5M8L9D6F2 ZZ3R10U10X5G3文档编码:CA7J5L3F3B4
13、 HZ5M8L9D6F2 ZZ3R10U10X5G3文档编码:CA7J5L3F3B4 HZ5M8L9D6F2 ZZ3R10U10X5G3文档编码:CA7J5L3F3B4 HZ5M8L9D6F2 ZZ3R10U10X5G3文档编码:CA7J5L3F3B4 HZ5M8L9D6F2 ZZ3R10U10X5G3文档编码:CA7J5L3F3B4 HZ5M8L9D6F2 ZZ3R10U10X5G3文档编码:CA7J5L3F3B4 HZ5M8L9D6F2 ZZ3R10U10X5G3文档编码:CA7J5L3F3B4 HZ5M8L9D6F2 ZZ3R10U10X5G3文档编码:CA7J5L3F3B4 HZ5M8
14、L9D6F2 ZZ3R10U10X5G3文档编码:CA7J5L3F3B4 HZ5M8L9D6F2 ZZ3R10U10X5G3文档编码:CA7J5L3F3B4 HZ5M8L9D6F2 ZZ3R10U10X5G3文档编码:CA7J5L3F3B4 HZ5M8L9D6F2 ZZ3R10U10X5G3文档编码:CA7J5L3F3B4 HZ5M8L9D6F2 ZZ3R10U10X5G3文档编码:CA7J5L3F3B4 HZ5M8L9D6F2 ZZ3R10U10X5G3文档编码:CA7J5L3F3B4 HZ5M8L9D6F2 ZZ3R10U10X5G3文档编码:CA7J5L3F3B4 HZ5M8L9D6F2
15、 ZZ3R10U10X5G3文档编码:CA7J5L3F3B4 HZ5M8L9D6F2 ZZ3R10U10X5G3文档编码:CA7J5L3F3B4 HZ5M8L9D6F2 ZZ3R10U10X5G3文档编码:CA7J5L3F3B4 HZ5M8L9D6F2 ZZ3R10U10X5G3文档编码:CA7J5L3F3B4 HZ5M8L9D6F2 ZZ3R10U10X5G3文档编码:CA7J5L3F3B4 HZ5M8L9D6F2 ZZ3R10U10X5G3文档编码:CA7J5L3F3B4 HZ5M8L9D6F2 ZZ3R10U10X5G3文档编码:CA7J5L3F3B4 HZ5M8L9D6F2 ZZ3R1
16、0U10X5G3文档编码:CA7J5L3F3B4 HZ5M8L9D6F2 ZZ3R10U10X5G3文档编码:CA7J5L3F3B4 HZ5M8L9D6F2 ZZ3R10U10X5G3文档编码:CA7J5L3F3B4 HZ5M8L9D6F2 ZZ3R10U10X5G3文档编码:CA7J5L3F3B4 HZ5M8L9D6F2 ZZ3R10U10X5G3文档编码:CA7J5L3F3B4 HZ5M8L9D6F2 ZZ3R10U10X5G3文档编码:CA7J5L3F3B4 HZ5M8L9D6F2 ZZ3R10U10X5G3文档编码:CA7J5L3F3B4 HZ5M8L9D6F2 ZZ3R10U10X5
17、G3文档编码:CA7J5L3F3B4 HZ5M8L9D6F2 ZZ3R10U10X5G3文档编码:CA7J5L3F3B4 HZ5M8L9D6F2 ZZ3R10U10X5G3文档编码:CA7J5L3F3B4 HZ5M8L9D6F2 ZZ3R10U10X5G3文档编码:CA7J5L3F3B4 HZ5M8L9D6F2 ZZ3R10U10X5G3文档编码:CA7J5L3F3B4 HZ5M8L9D6F2 ZZ3R10U10X5G3文档编码:CA7J5L3F3B4 HZ5M8L9D6F2 ZZ3R10U10X5G3文档编码:CA7J5L3F3B4 HZ5M8L9D6F2 ZZ3R10U10X5G3文档编码
18、:CA7J5L3F3B4 HZ5M8L9D6F2 ZZ3R10U10X5G3文档编码:CA7J5L3F3B4 HZ5M8L9D6F2 ZZ3R10U10X5G3426.细胞器的种类和数量最能说明细胞的特殊功能27.生物膜在细胞与外部环境进行物质运输、能量转换、信息传递的过程中起决定性作用28.核糖体主要由RNA 和蛋白质组成29.细胞核控制着细胞的代谢和遗传,无核细胞不生长、不分裂30.遗传信息的载体:DNA(或基因)31.核仁:与 rRNA的合成以及核糖体的形成有关32.核孔:实现核质之间的物质交换和信息交流(DNA 不能进入核孔)转录形成 mRNA,并通过核孔进入细胞质核糖体上合成的蛋白质
19、能通过核孔进入细胞核(如RNA聚合酶)核孔越多,核仁越大的细胞代谢旺盛33.细胞器光学显微镜下可见:液泡、叶绿体线粒体(双层膜不可见)能产生水的细胞器:叶绿体、线粒体、核糖体能合成有机物的细胞器:核糖体、叶绿体、高尔基体、内质网对于维持细胞内部环境稳定的结构是:液泡能发成碱基互补配对的细胞器:叶绿体、线粒体、核糖体高等植物根:无中心体、无叶绿体、无大液泡寄生动物:无线粒体文档编码:CA7J5L3F3B4 HZ5M8L9D6F2 ZZ3R10U10X5G3文档编码:CA7J5L3F3B4 HZ5M8L9D6F2 ZZ3R10U10X5G3文档编码:CA7J5L3F3B4 HZ5M8L9D6F2
20、ZZ3R10U10X5G3文档编码:CA7J5L3F3B4 HZ5M8L9D6F2 ZZ3R10U10X5G3文档编码:CA7J5L3F3B4 HZ5M8L9D6F2 ZZ3R10U10X5G3文档编码:CA7J5L3F3B4 HZ5M8L9D6F2 ZZ3R10U10X5G3文档编码:CA7J5L3F3B4 HZ5M8L9D6F2 ZZ3R10U10X5G3文档编码:CA7J5L3F3B4 HZ5M8L9D6F2 ZZ3R10U10X5G3文档编码:CA7J5L3F3B4 HZ5M8L9D6F2 ZZ3R10U10X5G3文档编码:CA7J5L3F3B4 HZ5M8L9D6F2 ZZ3R10
21、U10X5G3文档编码:CA7J5L3F3B4 HZ5M8L9D6F2 ZZ3R10U10X5G3文档编码:CA7J5L3F3B4 HZ5M8L9D6F2 ZZ3R10U10X5G3文档编码:CA7J5L3F3B4 HZ5M8L9D6F2 ZZ3R10U10X5G3文档编码:CA7J5L3F3B4 HZ5M8L9D6F2 ZZ3R10U10X5G3文档编码:CA7J5L3F3B4 HZ5M8L9D6F2 ZZ3R10U10X5G3文档编码:CA7J5L3F3B4 HZ5M8L9D6F2 ZZ3R10U10X5G3文档编码:CA7J5L3F3B4 HZ5M8L9D6F2 ZZ3R10U10X5G
22、3文档编码:CA7J5L3F3B4 HZ5M8L9D6F2 ZZ3R10U10X5G3文档编码:CA7J5L3F3B4 HZ5M8L9D6F2 ZZ3R10U10X5G3文档编码:CA7J5L3F3B4 HZ5M8L9D6F2 ZZ3R10U10X5G3文档编码:CA7J5L3F3B4 HZ5M8L9D6F2 ZZ3R10U10X5G3文档编码:CA7J5L3F3B4 HZ5M8L9D6F2 ZZ3R10U10X5G3文档编码:CA7J5L3F3B4 HZ5M8L9D6F2 ZZ3R10U10X5G3文档编码:CA7J5L3F3B4 HZ5M8L9D6F2 ZZ3R10U10X5G3文档编码:
23、CA7J5L3F3B4 HZ5M8L9D6F2 ZZ3R10U10X5G3文档编码:CA7J5L3F3B4 HZ5M8L9D6F2 ZZ3R10U10X5G3文档编码:CA7J5L3F3B4 HZ5M8L9D6F2 ZZ3R10U10X5G3文档编码:CA7J5L3F3B4 HZ5M8L9D6F2 ZZ3R10U10X5G3文档编码:CA7J5L3F3B4 HZ5M8L9D6F2 ZZ3R10U10X5G3文档编码:CA7J5L3F3B4 HZ5M8L9D6F2 ZZ3R10U10X5G3文档编码:CA7J5L3F3B4 HZ5M8L9D6F2 ZZ3R10U10X5G3文档编码:CA7J5L
24、3F3B4 HZ5M8L9D6F2 ZZ3R10U10X5G3文档编码:CA7J5L3F3B4 HZ5M8L9D6F2 ZZ3R10U10X5G3文档编码:CA7J5L3F3B4 HZ5M8L9D6F2 ZZ3R10U10X5G3文档编码:CA7J5L3F3B4 HZ5M8L9D6F2 ZZ3R10U10X5G3文档编码:CA7J5L3F3B4 HZ5M8L9D6F2 ZZ3R10U10X5G3文档编码:CA7J5L3F3B4 HZ5M8L9D6F2 ZZ3R10U10X5G3文档编码:CA7J5L3F3B4 HZ5M8L9D6F2 ZZ3R10U10X5G3文档编码:CA7J5L3F3B4
25、HZ5M8L9D6F2 ZZ3R10U10X5G3文档编码:CA7J5L3F3B4 HZ5M8L9D6F2 ZZ3R10U10X5G3文档编码:CA7J5L3F3B4 HZ5M8L9D6F2 ZZ3R10U10X5G3文档编码:CA7J5L3F3B4 HZ5M8L9D6F2 ZZ3R10U10X5G3文档编码:CA7J5L3F3B4 HZ5M8L9D6F2 ZZ3R10U10X5G3文档编码:CA7J5L3F3B4 HZ5M8L9D6F2 ZZ3R10U10X5G3文档编码:CA7J5L3F3B4 HZ5M8L9D6F2 ZZ3R10U10X5G3文档编码:CA7J5L3F3B4 HZ5M8L
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